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| Two doses of China’s Sinovac vaccine offered older people only a moderately high level of protection against severe disease and death from Covid-19, but a third dose significantly bolstered their defenses, according to a new study by scientists in Hong Kong. |
| 根据香港科学家的一项新研究，两剂中国科兴疫苗只能为老年人提供中高水平的保护，避免新冠肺炎导致的重症和死亡，但接种第三剂疫苗显著增强了他们的防御能力。 |
| The study, based on patients infected during the current devastating Omicron wave in Hong Kong, serves as a cautionary note for mainland China, where Sinovac is a pillar of the country’s vaccination program. Many older people there have yet to receive booster shots. |
| 香港正在经历一场灾难性的奥密克戎暴发，该研究是基于在这次疫情中感染的患者。这对中国大陆是一个警示，科兴生物是中国疫苗接种计划的支柱。那里的许多老年人尚未接受加强针注射。 |
| For people 60 and older, two Sinovac doses were 72 percent effective against severe or fatal Covid-19 and 77 percent effective against Covid-related death, the study found. Those levels of protection were lower than those provided by two Pfizer-BioNTech doses. The same study found they were 90 percent effective against severe or fatal Covid and 92 percent effective against death among Hong Kong residents of the same age group. |
| 研究发现，对于60岁及以上的人，两剂科兴对预防新冠肺炎重症或危重症的有效率为72%，对预防新冠相关的死亡有效率为77%。低于两剂辉瑞-BioNTech疫苗提供的保护水平。同一项研究发现，在同一年龄组的香港居民中，它们对预防新冠肺炎重症或危重症的有效率为90%，对预防新冠相关的死亡有效率为92%。 |
| A Sinovac booster shot helped considerably, proving to be 98 percent effective against severe or fatal Covid among people at least 60 years old, the study found. |
| 研究发现，在60岁以上的人群中，注射科兴生物的加强针对预防新冠肺炎重症或危重症的有效性为98%。 |
| Yanzhong Huang, a global health expert at the Council on Foreign Relations, said that the results highlighted the urgency for mainland China to accelerate its lagging booster campaign. “There’s a lot of work for the government to do to make sure this segment of the population receives the booster shots,” he said. |
| 美国对外关系委员会全球健康专家黄严忠表示，该研究结果突显了中国大陆加快开展滞后的加强针注射的紧迫性。“政府有很多工作要做，以确保这部分人口接受加强针注射，”他说。 |
| The study’s authors, who are scientists at the University of Hong Kong, noted that the city’s booster program began just recently, making it difficult to determine how long protection from a third dose would last. |
| 该研究由香港大学的科学家发表，他们指出，该市的加强针计划最近才开始，因此很难确定第三剂提供的保护能持续多长时间。 |
| Because people with underlying health conditions in Hong Kong were more likely to resist getting vaccinated, they said, it was also possible that those who chose to be vaccinated or boosted were healthier in the first place, inflating estimates of how protective the vaccines initially were. |
| 他们说，在香港，由于有基础疾病的人更有可能拒绝接种疫苗，因此选择接种疫苗或加强针的人也有可能本身就更健康，从而夸大了对疫苗最初保护程度的估计。 |
| Sinovac, a private Chinese company that makes the vaccine, is one of two manufacturers of Covid shots available in China. Vaccines using mRNA technology, like those made by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, are not available there. |
| 中国私营企业科兴是中国两家新冠疫苗制造商之一。该国没有采用mRNA技术的疫苗——如辉瑞-BioNTech和莫德纳制造的疫苗。 |
| The new study highlights the potential consequences for China, which has relied heavily on Sinovac and is battling its biggest Covid outbreak in two years. More than 87 percent of China’s population has been vaccinated. But just over half of people 80 and older have had two shots, and less than 20 percent of people in that age group have received a booster, Zeng Yixin, a vice minister of the National Health Commission, said recently. |
| 这项新研究强调了中国面临的潜在后果。中国严重依赖科兴，并且正在与两年来最严重的新冠暴发作斗争。中国87%以上的人口接种了疫苗。但最近，国家卫健委副主任曾益新表示，80岁及以上的人中，只有一半以上的人接种了两剂疫苗，而该年龄段中只有不到20%的人接种了加强针。 |
| The new study from Hong Kong received funding from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as part of what one of the study’s co-authors described this week as an effort to understand the comparative effectiveness of vaccines. It was posted online as a preprint, but has not yet been vetted by peer scientists for publication in a scientific journal. |
| 这项来自香港的新研究获得了中国疾病控制和预防中心的资助，据该研究的一位合著者本周的描述，这是旨在了解疫苗相对有效性的努力的一部分。论文预印本已在网上发布，但尚未经过期刊发表前的同行审议。 |
| Sinovac’s vaccine performed similarly to Pfizer’s among younger people, even without a booster dose, the study found. In people younger than 60, two Sinovac doses were roughly 92 percent effective against severe or fatal Covid, whereas two Pfizer doses were about 95 percent effective. |
| 研究发现，科兴的疫苗在年轻人中的表现与辉瑞的相似，即使没有注射加强针。在60岁以下的人群中，两剂科兴疫苗对预防新冠重症或危重症的有效率约为92%，而辉瑞的两剂疫苗约为95%。 |
| Neither vaccine provided very much protection against mild or moderate Covid, though Pfizer’s offered more than Sinovac’s and a booster dose considerably lifted levels of protection. During the latest wave, people in Hong Kong have largely been infected by the subvariant of Omicron known as BA.2. Like other versions of Omicron, BA.2 has infected many vaccinated people. |
| 这两种疫苗对新冠肺炎轻症或中度症状都没有提供多少保护，尽管辉瑞疫苗提供的保护超过了科兴，并且在注射加强针后得到大幅提升。在最新一波疫情中，香港大部分感染来自被称为BA.2的奥密克戎变异株。与其他版本的奥密克戎一样，BA.2感染了许多已接种疫苗的人。 |
| The Hong Kong wave is killing people at a rate exceeding that of almost any country since the coronavirus emerged — a result, in large part, of low vaccination rates among older residents. Almost 90 percent of people who died during the latest wave were not fully immunized, suggesting that getting shots to the most vulnerable is more important than the particular brand of vaccine. |
| 自新冠病毒出现以来，香港这波疫情造成的死亡病例增长速度几乎超过所有国家——这在很大程度上是由于老年人的疫苗接种率低。在最新一波疫情的死亡病例中，近90%没有完全接种疫苗，这表明为最脆弱的人接种疫苗比接种哪个公司的疫苗更重要。 |
| Like Hong Kong, mainland China had largely succeeded in tamping down transmission of the virus before Omicron, leaving its population with very little immunity from previous infections. |
| 与香港一样，在奥密克戎之前，中国大陆在很大程度上成功地遏制了病毒的传播，使其民众几乎没有从先前的疫情中获得免疫。 |
| Beyond China, Sinovac vaccines have also been critical in protecting people against severe Covid, especially in poorer countries. The vaccine is being used in 49 countries, including in South America and Africa. |
| 在中国之外，科兴疫苗在保护人们免受新冠重症方面也至关重要，尤其是在较贫穷的国家。该疫苗正在49个国家使用，包括南美洲和非洲。 |
| But concerns about the protection it offered had already prompted the World Health Organization to recommend in October that recipients 60 and older get a third dose. |
| 但对其保护能力的担忧已经促使世界卫生组织在10月建议60岁及以上的接种者接受第三剂疫苗。 |
| Dr. Andrew Morris, an infectious disease specialist at Sinai Health and University Health Network in Toronto, who was not involved with the Hong Kong study, said that the results fit with lab studies suggesting that Sinovac generated lower levels of neutralizing antibodies than mRNA vaccines, like Pfizer’s. |
| 多伦多西奈健康和大学健康网络的传染病专家安德鲁·莫里斯说，研究结果与实验室研究相符，表明科兴生物产生的中和抗体水平低于像辉瑞这样的mRNA疫苗。莫里斯未参与香港的研究。 |
| “I think what we’ll see is in countries that have relied heavily on Sinovac, if they don’t have boosting — especially with an mRNA booster, or even with Sinovac — they’re probably going to struggle with high rates of infection with this latest BA.2 wave,” he said. |
| “我认为我们将看到的是，在严重依赖科兴疫苗的国家，如果他们没有注射加强针——尤其是使用mRNA加强针，甚至是科兴加强针——他们可能要和最新的BA.2带来的高感染率作斗争，”他说。 |
| Dr. Morris said that the results in Hong Kong, like those from other vaccine studies, were also highly dependent on how long it had been since people were administered the shots. Protection tends to weaken over time. |
| 莫里斯说，与其他疫苗研究的结果一样，香港的研究结果也在很大程度上取决于接种疫苗的时长。随着时间的推移，保护往往会减弱。 |
| The results from the latest study about the effectiveness of third Sinovac doses might be taken as an encouraging sign by Chinese leaders that Chinese-made vaccines could remain the focus of their immunization campaign, said Dr. Huang, of the Council on Foreign Relations. |
| 对外关系委员会的黄严忠说，关于第三剂科兴疫苗的有效性的最新研究结果可能会促使中国领导人继续将中国制造的疫苗作为他们疫苗宣传的重点。 |
| “Now, for the Chinese leaders, they don’t need to face a strong pressure to approve BioNTech’s vaccine,” he said. |
| “现在，对于中国领导人来说，他们不需要面对批准BioNTech疫苗的巨大压力了，”他说。 |
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