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| BEIJING — As Li Xiang strapped himself into a seat mounted atop a single ski and raced down the snowy slope, he reveled in the feeling of freedom that had become all too rare after a car accident required him to use a wheelchair as a child. | 北京——当李响把自己固定于单人滑雪板上的座位，从雪坡急驰而下时，他陶醉在自由的感觉之中。因为儿时一场车祸让他只能依靠轮椅生活，他感受到自由的时刻已经少之又少。 |
| Li, a 24-year-old Alpine skier competing for China in the Paralympic Winter Games, skis to win. But to him, it is also a way to escape the discrimination that he says he often encounters as a person with disabilities in China. | 在这届冬残奥会上，24岁的高山滑雪选手李响代表中国为胜利而战。但对他而言，比赛也能让他得以逃离他所说的作为残障人士在中国经常遇到的歧视。 |
| “Talking about fairness might sound good, but in reality there’s no such thing as fairness in society,” Li said in a telephone interview before his race this week. | “谈公平这件事就完全是自己给自己心态找平衡，这社会根本就没有公平可言，”在本周进行比赛前，李响在接受电话采访时说道。 |
| China has dominated the podium at this year’s Paralympic Games in Beijing, and the Chinese government has held up the success of the country’s athletes as a symbol of its efforts to advance the rights of people with disabilities. But outside the Paralympics competition venues, life can still be very difficult for disabled people, and their career opportunities remain limited. | 中国主宰了今年北京残奥会的领奖台，中国政府也将该国选手取得的成绩视为其促进残障群体权利的象征。但在残奥赛场之外，残障人士的生活仍然非常艰难，其职业发展机会依然有限。 |
| While China has made progress in some areas, such as strengthening anti-discrimination laws and mandating equal access to employment and education, hardships can still be especially acute. | 虽然中国在诸如加强反歧视法和规定就业和教育平等的问题上取得了进展，但困阻依然十分艰巨。 |
| Activists have pushed for greater rights like the improvement of barrier-free facilities and legal reforms to address the needs of the more than 85 million people with disabilities in the country. | 活动人士努力争取更多权利，例如改善无障碍设施，推进法制改革，以满足中国超过8500万残障人士的需求。 |
| But they have faced resistance at times from a centralized government and state-funded Chinese institutions, which still refer to disabilities as diseases in most official documents, and from a public that remains largely ignorant about the challenges they face. | 但他们有时会面临来自中央集权政府以及国家资助的国内机构的阻力，这些机构在大多数官方文件中仍将残障视为疾病；而中国公众对于他们面对的挑战基本一无所知。 |
| Li says that he has experienced too many indignities to count, but one memory sticks out. After a training session, he returned to his dormitory building to find the elevator broken. It was a snowy winter evening, he had no way to contact his teammates, and the facility was not wheelchair accessible. After waiting for two hours, Li abandoned his wheelchair out of desperation and crawled up the stairs on his hands and knees “like a dog,” he said. | 李响说他已经数不清曾经历过多少屈辱，但有段记忆至今难忘。在一次训练结束后，他回到宿舍楼，发现电梯坏了。那是一个下雪的冬夜，他联系不上队友，宿舍楼也没有轮椅通道。等了两个小时后，绝望的李响放弃了轮椅，他说自己“像一条狗一样”手脚并用爬上了楼。 |
| Even China’s most decorated Paralympians have faced discrimination. | 即便是中国最受赞誉的残奥选手，也会遭遇歧视。 |
| Blind at birth, Ping Yali was working at a rubber factory in Beijing in the early 1980s when local sports officials approached her about training in the government-run sports system. She agreed, and went on to represent China in long jump at the 1984 Paralympic Games in Los Angeles. There, she became the first Paralympic athlete to win a gold medal for China. | 上世纪80年代初，天生失明的平亚丽在北京一家橡胶厂工作，地方官员找到她，问她是否愿意进入政府的体育系统接受训练。她同意了，后来代表中国参加了1984年洛杉矶残奥会的跳远比赛。在那里，她成为了首位为中国赢下残奥会金牌的选手。 |
| Back in China, Ping was hailed as a national hero and her gold medal was placed in the Beijing Olympic Museum. After her victory, she hoped to ride the wave of success, as Olympians had in retirement, by becoming an administrator at a provincial sports bureau or a coach on a local sports team. | 回到中国后，平亚丽被誉为民族英雄，她的金牌也被置于北京奥运博物馆里展示。在夺金后，她希望能像其他奥运选手那样，趁着成功之势在退役后进入省体育局当官，或是在地方运动队做教练。 |
| But the Chinese government, which spends far less on training athletes for the Paralympics than it does for those in the Olympics, offered scant support, and no such opportunities came up. Ping went back to working in factories, but was later laid off. Eventually, she took a job as a masseuse in a massage parlor, a low-paid line of work that is a common occupation for the blind and visually impaired in China. | 但中国政府对他们的支持很少，因此她没能得到机会，该政府对残奥选手的训练投入远低于其他奥运选手。平亚丽回到工厂工作，但后来被下岗了。最后，她在按摩店找了份按摩师的工作，这种低收入工作是中国盲人和视障人士的常见职业。 |
| At one point, Ping said, she could afford to buy only a bottle of water each day. Years later, Ping received an invitation from Chinese officials to be a torchbearer at the opening ceremony in Beijing of the Summer Games in 2008. She was honored to have been invited, she said, but was still disappointed by the lack of support from the government for Paralympic athletes. | 平亚丽说，她一度穷到一天只能买得起一瓶水。多年后，她收到了中国官员的邀请，让她在2008年北京夏残奥会开幕式上担任火炬手。她说能被邀请她感觉很荣幸，但政府对残奥选手支持的不足仍让她感到失望。 |
| “I’ve been struggling to survive in this world,” Ping, who has since retired, said in a recent telephone interview from her home in Beijing. “I did not receive the same glory and treatment as the able-bodied Olympians did.” | “我一直在斗争着活在这个世界，”已经退役的平亚丽最近在北京家中接受电话采访时表示。“我没有受到和健全人一样的奥运金牌的荣耀和待遇。” |
| Still, China promotes the progress it has made. Aside from strengthening its laws aimed at bolstering the rights for the disabled, across the country there have been efforts to make buildings more accessible. The government has also begun offering college entrance exams in Braille. Disabled people have also been allocated additional support from the government’s poverty alleviation programs. | 尽管如此，中国还是在推动其所取得的进步。除了加强旨在支持残障人士权利的法律外，全国各地都在努力让建筑物更易于通行。政府开始提供盲文高考试卷。残障人士也从政府扶贫项目中得到了额外支持。 |
| For a select few, China’s growing investment in the Paralympics has also created entirely new opportunities. | 对少数人来说，中国对残奥会的加大投入也创造了全新的机遇。 |
| “Doing sports has changed my life,” Ji Lijia, a 19-year-old Chinese snowboarder who lost his left arm when he was a child, said after he won a gold medal at the Paralympics on Monday at one of the competition venues in the northern Chinese city of Zhangjiakou, outside Beijing. “I hope that I can inspire more disabled people to do sports and encourage them to walk out of their homes,” he said. | “从事体育改变了我的人生，”周一，在北京附近的北方城市张家口的一处残奥会比赛场馆赢得金牌后，19岁的中国单板滑雪选手纪立家说道。“我希望激励更多残疾人从事体育，鼓励他们走出家门，”他说。 |
| But some activists say that the government is still not doing enough to ensure that people with disabilities have equitable access to basic resources, and that the majority of the Chinese public still lacks basic awareness of the challenges faced by disabled people. | 但一些活动人士表示，政府在确保残障者平等获得基本资源的问题上仍做得不够，大多数中国公众对残障者面临的困难仍缺乏基本认识。 |
| Some activists say that the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws is weak. Little work is being done to fight the deep-seated stigma in a society that historically referred to disabled people as canji, characters that mean “handicapped” and “disease,” and canfei, characters that mean “handicapped” and “useless.” The social and economic cost of living with disabilities is seen as so great that babies with such challenges are often abandoned by their parents. | 一些活动人士称，反歧视法的执行力度很弱。在这个传统上用代表“残缺”和“疾病”的“残疾”，和代表“残缺”和“废物”的“残废”来形容残障人士的社会，与这种根深蒂固的污名化作斗争的努力是很少的。人们认为残障生活的社会和经济成本如此之高，以至于有这种问题的婴儿都经常被父母遗弃。 |
| Some experts and activists have raised concerns about the government’s depiction of Chinese Paralympians as grateful beneficiaries of the state’s largess. At these Games, Chinese state media outlets were once again trumpeting the success of the country’s athletes, who have won 47 medals, including 14 gold, as a mark of the government’s strong support for people with disabilities. | 对于政府将中国残奥选手描绘为感恩于国家慷慨的受益者，一些专家和活动人士提出了质疑。本届残奥会期间，中国官媒再次大肆宣扬中国选手拿下47枚奖牌（包括14枚金牌）的成功，以证明政府对残障人士的大力支持（中国队最终获得61枚奖牌，包括18枚金牌——编注）。 |
| On Monday, the state-run China Daily newspaper cited the “vigorous development” of sports programs for disabled people as a reflection of China’s “people-centered development philosophy and insistence on helping the weak.” | 国有的《中国日报》周一指出，残障者体育事业的“蓬勃发展”，体现了中国“以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持弱有所扶”。 |
| The propaganda has rung hollow for some who say that real breakthroughs will require changing the prevailing attitudes within China. | 对一些人来说，这种宣传是空洞的，他们说真正的突破需要改变中国国内的普遍态度。 |
| They have pointed to the recent example of Li Duan, a 43-year-old visually impaired triple jump track athlete. At the opening ceremony of the Winter Paralympic Games in Beijing on March 4, Li struggled for over 30 seconds on live television to light the Olympic cauldron. When he finally managed to do so, cheers erupted from the stadium. In Chinese state media reports and on social media, commentators praised Li’s persistence as inspirational. | 他们把43岁的视障三级跳远运动员李端作为最近的例子。在3月4日举行的北京冬季残奥会开幕式上，电视直播中，李端用了超过30秒的时间点燃了奥运主火炬。当他最终成功时，体育场爆发出欢呼声。在中国官方媒体的报道和社交媒体上，评论人士称赞李端的坚韧鼓舞人心。 |
| Some activists and people with disabilities, however, were disappointed by the spectacle. To them, the ceremony’s organizers should have designed a lighting ritual that accommodated Li’s visual impairment instead of highlighting it by creating an obstacle that he had to overcome. | 然而，一些活动人士和残障人士对这一场面感到失望。他们认为，开幕式的组织者应该设计一个以适应李端视力障碍的点火仪式，而不是创造一个他必须克服的障碍，作为仪式的精彩部分。 |
| “We shouldn’t see disabilities as flaws,; we should see it as an identity,” said Wu Di, a Ph.D. student who specializes in disability rights at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “We should change society — not expect people with disabilities to change themselves.” | “我们不应把残障当做一种缺陷，而是，它是一种身份、一种认同，”麻省理工学院专门研究残障者权利的博士生吴迪说。“我们应该改变社会，而不是要残障者来改变他们自己。” |
| Changing the mind-set of society may sound daunting, but the solution might be simpler than it appears, said Li, the Paralympic Alpine skier. | 改变社会的思维模式可能听起来很艰巨，但解决办法其实没那么难，残障高山滑雪运动员李响说。 |
| “The most important thing is empathy,” Li said after his race on Thursday. “That is, to make ordinary people be more willing to think in the shoes of people with disabilities.” | “最重要的是包容，”李响在周四的比赛结束后说。“是一般人能更从残疾人的立场设想，完全地融入。” |
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