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| BEIJING — Trucks are being delayed by the testing of drivers. Container rates are rising as ships wait for many hours at ports. Products are piling up in warehouses. |
| 北京——卡车因司机做病毒检测延迟送货。因为船只需在港口等待数小时才能装货，集装箱运费正在上涨。仓库里已出现产品堆积。 |
| As Chinese officials scramble to contain the country’s worst outbreak of Covid-19 since early 2020, they are imposing lockdowns and restrictions that are adding chaos to global supply chains. The measures in China, home to about one-third of global manufacturing, are disrupting the production of finished goods like Toyota and Volkswagen cars and Apple’s iPhones, as well as components such as circuit boards and computer cables. |
| 随着中国官员们手忙脚乱地遏制国内自2020年初以来最严重的新冠病毒疫情，他们正在实施给全球供应链增添混乱的封闭管理和限制措施。中国的制造业约占全球制造业的三分之一，实施这些措施正在打乱丰田和大众汽车、苹果手机等制成品的生产，也在打乱电路板和计算机缆线等零部件的生产。 |
| Cases rose on Tuesday to more than 5,000 new infections nationwide. That tally is small compared to many other large countries’. But China has taken a zero tolerance approach to outbreaks that calls for stringent lockdowns as well as mass testing and quarantine in government facilities. Because several of the country’s largest industrial cities are now fighting outbreaks, such measures are taking a toll on the factory and transportation networks that are the backbone of China’s manufacturing. |
| 周二，全国新增5000多例确诊病例。与许多其他人口大国相比，这个数字很小。但中国采取的清零政策需要严格的封闭管理、在政府指定的设施做大规模病毒检测以及对确诊者进行隔离。由于中国几个最大的工业城市目前正在抗击疫情，这些措施已对作为中国制造业支柱的工厂和交通网带来恶果。 |
| Officials in Beijing and an ever-lengthening list of cities and provinces say that the virus is still spreading and that the government must take ever tougher measures to stop it. |
| 北京和越来越多省市的官员说，病毒仍在传播，政府在遏制疫情上必须采取更严厉的措施。 |
| “Recently, local clustered epidemics have occurred in many places in our country, mainly of the Omicron variant, which has spread quickly and is very hidden,” Mi Feng, a spokesman for the National Health and Health Commission, said on Tuesday. “The epidemic prevention and control is more difficult, and the situation is severe and complicated.” |
| “近期，我国多地多点发生本土聚集性疫情，主要为奥密克戎变异株，传播快、隐匿性强，”国家卫生健康委员会发言人米峰周二说。“疫情防控难度加大，防控形势严峻复杂。” |
| In Jilin Province in China’s northeast, which has the biggest concentration of recent cases as well as many factories making cars and car parts, Zhang Li, a deputy director of the provincial health agency, said that residents and officials would have to “urgently mobilize and act to overcome difficulties with clenched teeth — we are racing against time.” |
| 吉林是最近确诊病例最集中的省份，这里有许多制造汽车和汽车零部件的工厂。吉林省委书记景俊海表示，居民和官员“必须紧急动员起来、行动起来，咬紧牙关攻克难关，争分夺秒”。 |
| To some foreign investors, the outbreak itself may be less unnerving than the unpredictability of government measures. “The business risk in China now is higher than at any time since late spring 2020,” said Julian MacCormac, chairman of the British Chamber of Commerce in China. |
| 对一些外国投资者来说，与政府措施的不可预测性相比，疫情本身也许没有那么令人不安。“中国目前的商业风险高于2020年春末以来的任何时候，”中国英国商会主席李安(Julian MacCormac)说。 |
| Lockdowns have also suspended work at electronics factories in the south and a wide range of industrial companies in central China. Cities near Shanghai have closed highway exits or demanded that each driver show a negative P.C.R. test — requirements that have also created miles-long lines of trucks trying to carry crucial components among factories. |
| 封闭管理已导致南方的电子工厂以及华中地区许多工业企业停工停产。上海附近的城市或关闭高速公路出口，或要求从高速公路开出来的司机出示阴性的核酸检测结果，这种做法导致在工厂之间运送关键部件的卡车排起了长达数公里的长龙。 |
| High international freight costs, a serious problem last year that has contributed to inflation in the United States, have begun climbing again after a dip during the Chinese New Year holiday last month. |
| 美国通货膨胀的原因之一是国际货运成本高涨。这个问题去年曾非常严重，在上个月的中国春节假日期间有所缓解后，货运成本现在又开始攀升。 |
| The cost to ship a container of goods from Asia to the U.S. West Coast inched up to $16,353 as of last Friday, before the latest coronavirus restrictions took effect, compared to $16,155 a week earlier. Rates have almost tripled from a year ago and have risen 12-fold from two years ago, according to data from Freightos, a freight booking platform. |
| 截至上周五，也就是中国采取最新一轮新冠病毒限制措施之前，将一箱集装箱货物从亚洲运到美国西海岸的成本已略涨至16353美元，而一周前的价格为16155美元。据货运预订平台Freightos的数据，集装箱运费已是一年前的近三倍，是两年前的12倍。 |
| Ports in China now require workers to live and work at the docks for as long as two months at a time, away from their families, so as to prevent infections. That has allowed the ports to keep operating even during sustained outbreaks, in contrast with severe shipping delays last spring and summer when infections forced extended closings of big container terminals in Shenzhen and near Shanghai. |
| 中国的港口现在要求工人在工作期间住在码头，每批工人一次住两个月，不许回家，以防感染病毒。这种做法让港口即使在疫情持续暴发期间也能继续运行。这与去年春季和夏季出现的海运严重延迟形成对比，去年春夏的疫情暴发曾迫使深圳和上海附近的大型集装箱码头关闭了一段时间。 |
| But with truck traffic to the docks interrupted, ships are facing delays at the ports of at least 12 hours, and may soon have to wait for as long as two weeks, said Julie Gerdeman, chief executive of Everstream Analytics, a supply chain analysis firm. |
| 但由于将货物运往码头的卡车交通被打乱，港口的船只已面临至少12个小时的延迟，船只等待的时间也许不久将会长达两周，供应链分析公司Everstream Analytics的首席执行官朱莉·格德曼说。 |
| “Even the most prepared businesses will be impacted by these new lockdowns in China, as flexibility within the supply chain is minimal,” she said. |
| “就连准备最充分的企业也会受到中国这些新封闭管理措施的影响，因为供应链内的灵活性微乎其微，”她说。 |
| Airfreight is also facing fresh complications. The Civil Aviation Administration of China said Tuesday that many of the remaining international flights into Shanghai’s vast Pudong airport would be rerouted to other Chinese cities from next Monday until May 1. The measure would free quarantine rooms in Shanghai for the city’s residents and close contacts, but further delay exports. |
| 空运也面临着新的困难。中国民用航空局周二宣布，自3月21日至5月1日期间，调整部分上海入境国际客运航班，将它们分流到中国其他城市。这一措施将为上海的病毒感染者和密切接触者腾出更多的隔离设施，但也将进一步延迟出口。 |
| At least five large factory cities have completely shut down because of the coronavirus: Dongguan and Shenzhen in southern China near Hong Kong, where Foxconn has huge factories to make iPhones and other Apple products; Changchun and Jilin City in northeastern China’s Jilin Province; and Langfang, next to Beijing. Some smaller cities have also gone into lockdowns, like Suifenhe and Manzhouli on China’s border with Russia. |
| 至少五个主要的工厂城市已因新冠病毒全面封城，它们是南方的东莞和靠近香港的深圳（富士康在那里有生产手机和其他苹果产品的大型工厂），东北吉林省的长春市和吉林市，以及紧挨着北京的廊坊。一些小城市也已封城，比如位于中国与俄罗斯边境的绥芬河和满洲里。 |
| In Dongguan, an industrial city of 7.5 million people, some factory owners said that they were still being allowed to operate as long as their workers lived in dormitories inside factory compounds, and no one was allowed to leave or enter. |
| 在拥有750万人口的工业城市东莞，一些工厂主说，他们仍可以继续经营，只要工人住在厂区内的宿舍里，不让任何人随便进出厂区。 |
| Deng Shiwen, the owner of a small factory that makes packaging materials in Dongguan, said that his several dozen employees were still living and working inside the compound but he could not ship anything to customers. |
| 东莞一家生产包装材料小厂的老板邓诗文说，他的几十名员工目前都在厂区内生活工作，但他无法把产品运给客户。 |
| “I just leave the newly made stuff here for now,” he said. |
| “做好的就先放那儿，”他说。 |
| Other cities, notably Shanghai, have not declared citywide lockdowns but have closed so many neighborhoods, shopping malls and industrial parks at least temporarily that companies are encouraging employees to work from home as much as possible. |
| 其他城市，尤其是上海，虽然没有宣布全市范围的封城，但已对很多社区进行封闭管理，并至少暂时关闭了许多购物中心和工业园区，以至于公司已在鼓励员工尽可能在家中上班。 |
| Hour by hour through Monday and Tuesday, the list of companies announcing production halts because of lockdowns has grown. Toyota and Volkswagen stopped their assembly plants and other factories in Changchun. A printed circuit board maker, Unimicron Technology, in Shenzhen. Global Lighting Technologies, a light-emitting diode, or LED, maker, in Shanghai. |
| 从周一到周二，宣布由于封闭管理而停产的公司名单按小时增加。丰田和大众停止了它们在长春的汽车组装厂和其他工厂。宣布停工的还有印刷电路板制造商欣兴电子的深圳生产基地，以及发光二极管制造商茂林光电科技的上海工厂。 |
| Some companies, like Foxconn, said they would try to shift production to other plants. But Mary E. Lovely, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, said it seemed “hard to believe” that Foxconn would have slack at their other facilities that could accommodate the company’s vast operations near Hong Kong. |
| 富士康等公司表示，它们将设法把生产转移到其他工厂进行。但彼得森国际经济研究所的高级研究员玛丽·洛夫里说，似乎“很难相信”富士康在其他地方的工厂存在多余产能，可以替代它在深圳的巨大生产能力。 |
| In the end, Foxconn and other companies would likely prioritize certain major customers, like Apple. “So you’re going to see the same thing you saw before, which is that smaller companies that depend on these imported parts and equipment from China are going to be hit,” Ms. Lovely said. |
| 富士康和其他公司最终可能会优先生产苹果等某些主要客户的产品。“所以，人们会看到与以前一样的情况，那就是，依赖从中国进口零部件和设备的小型企业将受到冲击，”洛夫里说。 |
| “You know that China is going to do everything it can to get this under control. The question is what’s stronger, the Chinese government or the virus,” she said, adding, “We know that Omicron is quite a formidable opponent.” |
| “人们知道，中国将尽其所能控制疫情。问题是哪个更厉害，中国政府还是病毒，”她说。“我们都知道奥密克戎是个难以对付的对手。” |
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