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| Stretching into the Persian Gulf from the beaches and skyscrapers of Dubai is a man-made archipelago in the shape of a vast palm tree, its branchlike rows of islands lined with luxury hotels, apartments and villas. |
| 从迪拜的海滩和高楼林立的陆地一直延伸至波斯湾的，是一处巨型棕榈树状的人造群岛，一排排树枝状的岛屿上满是豪华酒店、公寓和别墅。 |
| Among the owners of those homes are two dozen close allies of President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, including a former provincial governor and nuclear power plant manager, a construction magnate and former senator, and a Belarusian tobacco tycoon. |
| 在这些住宅的主人中，有20多位是俄罗斯总统普京的亲密盟友，包括一位前州长和核电站经理，一位建筑巨头和前参议员，还有一位白俄罗斯烟草大亨。 |
| At least 38 businessmen or officials linked to Mr. Putin own dozens of properties in Dubai collectively valued at more than $314 million, according to previously unreported data compiled by the nonprofit Center for Advanced Defense Studies. Six of those owners are under sanctions by the United States or the European Union, and another oligarch facing sanctions has a yacht moored there. For now, they can count themselves lucky. |
| 根据非营利组织高级防务研究中心收集到的此前从未公布的数据，至少有38名与普京相关的商人或官员在迪拜拥有数十处物业，总价值超过3.14亿美元。其中六人受到了美国或欧盟的制裁，还有一名面临制裁的寡头的一艘游艇还停泊在当地。就目前而言，这些人还算得上是幸运的。 |
| Since the invasion of Ukraine, much of the world has imposed sweeping sanctions on Russian financial institutions and the circle around Mr. Putin, and even notoriously secretive banking centers like Switzerland, Monaco and the Cayman Islands have begun to cooperate with the freezing of accounts, seizing of mansions and impounding of yachts. |
| 自俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来，全球许多国家已对俄罗斯金融机构和普京的亲信圈子实施了全面制裁，连位于瑞士、摩纳哥和开曼群岛的那些臭名昭著的秘密银行中心也开始配合，冻结账户、查封豪宅、扣押游艇。 |
| But not Dubai, the cosmopolitan resort and financial center in the United Arab Emirates. Although a close partner to Washington in Middle Eastern security matters, the oil-rich monarchy has in recent years also become a popular playground for the Russian rich, in part because of its reputation for asking few questions about the sources of foreign money. Now the Emirates may undercut some of the penalties on Russia by continuing to welcome targeted oligarchs. |
| 但作为阿联酋的全球度假胜地及金融中心，迪拜仍置身事外。尽管在中东安全事务上与美国关系紧密，但这个盛产石油的君主制国家近年来已经成为俄罗斯富人钟爱的游乐场，部分原因是这里以基本不询问外国资金来源而闻名。现在，阿联酋继续欢迎遭到制裁的寡头，这种做法可能将减轻某些对俄罗斯惩罚措施的影响。 |
| “Sanctions are only as strong as the weakest link,” said Adam M. Smith, a lawyer and former adviser to the U.S. Treasury Department office that administers such measures. “Any financial center that is willing to do business when others are not could provide a leak in the dike and undermine the overall measures.” |
| “制裁的力度只取决于对最薄弱环节的打击，”律师亚当·M·史密斯表示，他曾为美国财政部管理此类措施的办公室担任顾问。“在其他金融中心都表示拒绝的情况下，只要还有任何一处愿意，都可能导致千里之堤溃于蚁穴。” |
| The Emirati stance is exposing tensions between the United States and several of its closest Arab allies over their reluctance to oppose the Russian invasion. Asked for solidarity in a moment of crisis, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Egypt have instead prioritized relations with Moscow — the Emirates and Saudi Arabia by rebuffing American pleas for increased oil supplies to soothe energy markets, Egypt by muffling criticism of the invasion while proceeding with a $25 billion loan from Russia to finance a nuclear power plant. |
| 阿联酋的立场暴露出美国与其最亲密的几个阿拉伯盟友之间的紧张关系，因为这些国家都不愿反对俄罗斯的入侵。美国要求它们在危机时刻与自己站在一起，但阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯与埃及反而优先考虑与莫斯科的关系——阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯拒绝了美国增加石油供应以安抚能源市场的请求；埃及一面压制对入侵的批评，一方面继续从俄罗斯获得250亿美元的贷款，用于一处核电站的建设。 |
| “It should be a clarifying moment,” said Michael Hanna, U.S. program director for the nonprofit International Crisis Group. “That has to be pretty bracing.” |
| “这应该是一个明确态度的时刻，”非营利性机构国际危机组织的美国项目主任迈克尔·汉纳表示。“这想必会有很大的提振作用。” |
| The U.A.E. may be the most conspicuous in its position, if only because it currently holds a rotating seat on the United Nations Security Council. The Emiratis abstained from an American-backed resolution denouncing the invasion, declining to criticize Russia. And Emirati officials have reassured Russians that their authorities will not enforce sanctions unless mandated by the United Nations — where Moscow’s veto ensures against it. |
| 哪怕仅考虑其目前的联合国安理会轮值主席国的地位，阿联酋的立场可能都是最引人注目的。在美国支持的谴责入侵的决议中，阿联酋投了弃权票，拒绝批评俄罗斯。阿联酋官员还向俄罗斯人保证，其当局不会执行制裁措施，除非得到联合国授权——而俄罗斯的否决票已经确保授权不会通过。 |
| “If we are not violating any international laws, then nobody should blame Dubai, or the U.A.E., or any other country for trying to accommodate whoever comes in a legitimate way,” said Abdulkhaleq Abdulla, a political analyst close to the U.A.E.’s rulers. “So what’s the big deal? I don’t see why the West would complain.” |
| “如果我们没有违反国际法，那任何人都不应指责迪拜、阿联酋或是任何想要接纳合法入境者的国家，”与阿联酋统治者关系密切的政治分析家阿卜杜勒哈利克·阿卜杜拉表示。“这有什么大不了的？我不明白为什么西方会抱怨。” |
| Russians in Dubai say they appreciate the hospitality. “Having a Russian passport or Russian money now is very toxic — no one wants to accept you, except places like Dubai,” said a Russian businessman who took refuge there, speaking on the condition of anonymity for fear of alienating Emirati authorities. “There’s no issue with being a Russian in Dubai.” |
| 迪拜的俄罗斯人对这份盛情表示感谢。“现在持有俄罗斯护照或是货币是件很不愉快的事——除了迪拜这样的地方，没人愿意接纳你，”一位在此避难的俄罗斯商人说道，由于害怕引起阿联酋当局的不满，他要求匿名。“在迪拜做个俄罗斯人是没问题的。” |
| He shared an electronic invitation circulating among Russians in the city: a rooftop cocktail party for venture capitalists and cryptocurrency start-ups. (The Treasury Department on Monday warned banks to watch for Russians using cryptocurrency to evade sanctions.) |
| 他分享了一份在迪拜的俄罗斯人之间流传的电子邀请函：那是一场为风险投资家和加密货币初创企业举办的屋顶鸡尾酒会。（美国财政部周一警告各家银行，应注意俄罗斯人利用加密货币逃避制裁。） |
| An Arab businessman who rents high-end furnished apartments in Dubai described “incredible demand” from Russians since the invasion, with one family taking an indefinite lease on a three-bedroom waterfront apartment for $15,000 a month and more than 50 other individuals or families seeking accommodations. |
| 一位在迪拜租赁高档装修公寓的阿拉伯商人说，入侵发生后俄罗斯人的需求可谓“惊人”，有一个家庭以每月1.5万美元的价格无限期租下了一套三居室的海滨公寓，另外还有50多名俄罗斯人或家庭在寻找住宿。 |
| The Center for Advanced Defense Studies, a Washington-based nonprofit that collects data on global conflicts, found that Putin allies owned at least 76 properties in Dubai, either directly or under the name of a close relative, and said that there were likely many others who could not be identified. |
| 总部位于华盛顿、负责收集全球冲突数据的非营利性组织高级防务研究中心发现，普京的盟友在迪拜至少拥有76处物业，要么是直接拥有，要么是在近亲名下。该组织也表示，可能还另有许多无法确认身份的持有者。 |
| The center’s list of those under sanctions includes: Aleksandr Borodai, a Duma member who acted as prime minister of a Ukrainian province in 2014 when it was taken over by Russian-backed separatists; Bekkhan Agaev, a Duma member whose family owns a petroleum company; and Aliaksey Aleksin, the Belarusian tobacco titan. A handful of oligarchs on the list own homes valued at more than $25 million each. |
| 该中心列出的受到制裁的持有者名单包括：杜马议员亚历山大·博罗代，2014年俄罗斯支持的分离主义分子接管乌克兰一个州时，他曾担任该州的总理；杜马议员贝坎·阿加耶夫，其家族拥有一家石油企业；白俄罗斯烟草巨头阿莱克塞·阿列克辛。名单中有几位寡头拥有的每套住宅价值都超过2500万美元。 |
| Maritime records show that in recent days the yacht belonging to the sanctioned oligarch Andrei Skoch, a steel magnate and Duma member, has been moored off Dubai. |
| 海事记录显示，最近几天，属于受制裁寡头安德列·斯科奇的游艇就停在迪拜海边，斯科奇是钢铁大亨，也是杜马议员。 |
| A Bombardier business jet owned by Arkady Rotenberg, another Russian billionaire under sanctions, landed on Friday, and the planes and boats of other oligarchs discussed as possible targets have been coming and going, too. The yachts of at least three other oligarchs are currently docked in Dubai. The 220-foot vessel of a Russian metals magnate appears to be en route from the Seychelles. The Boeing 787 Dreamliner owned by Roman Abramovich, the Russian-born owner of Britain’s Chelsea soccer team, took off from the airport on Friday. A 460-foot superyacht belonging to another oligarch set sail the same day; he was added to Europe’s sanctions list on Wednesday. |
| 另一位受制裁的俄罗斯富豪阿卡迪·罗登伯格名下的一架庞巴迪商务机于周五降落迪拜，可能成为制裁目标的其他寡头的飞机和轮船也一直出入于此。另外至少还有三位寡头的游艇目前停在迪拜。属于一位俄罗斯金属巨头的长达67米的游艇似乎从塞舌尔驶来。出生于俄罗斯的英国切尔西足球队老板罗曼·阿布拉莫维奇名下的波音787梦想客机周五于机场起飞。另一位寡头的长约140米的巨型游艇也在同一天起航，他在周三被列入了欧洲的制裁名单。 |
| Moscow has been quietly building closer ties to the U.A.E. and other Western-leaning Arab states for a decade, seeking to capitalize on complaints about Washington. |
| 这十年来，俄罗斯一直在暗中与阿联酋和其他亲西方的阿拉伯国家建立更紧密的联系，试图利用它们对美国的抱怨。 |
| The autocrats who dominate the region were outraged by Washington’s statements of support for the Arab uprisings in 2011. The Arab monarchs of the Persian Gulf cried betrayal at the Obama administration’s deal with their adversary Iran over its nuclear program. Their frustration only grew when the Trump administration did nothing to retaliate for a series of apparent Iranian attacks against them. |
| 主宰该地区的独裁者对美国在2011年表态支持阿拉伯民众起义的声明气愤不已。奥巴马政府与他们的对手伊朗达成核协议，让波斯湾的阿拉伯君主们直呼背叛。等到特朗普政府在伊朗明显针对他们的一系列攻击面前没有采取任何报复措施，他们也愈发感到失望。 |
| Now people close to those rulers say that their neutral responses to the invasion of Ukraine should teach Washington not to take them for granted. |
| 现在，接近这些统治者的人表示，他们对入侵乌克兰的中立态度应该让华盛顿明白，不要把他们的立场视为理所当然。 |
| “The automatic expectation in D.C. is that ‘you Saudis now must jump on the bandwagon and isolate Russia as we have,’” said Ali Shihabi, a Saudi political analyst close to the royal court, but the kingdom cannot “burn” its relationship with Russia just to please the White House. |
| “华盛顿不假思索地预料，‘你们沙特人现在必须跟随潮流，像我们一样孤立俄罗斯，’”与王室关系密切的沙特政治分析人士阿里·什哈比说，但沙特王国不能仅仅为了取悦白宫而“烧掉”与俄罗斯的关系。 |
| “Our relationship is there with the Americans,” he added, “but it is not going to be a monogamous relationship because the Americans are unreliable.” |
| “我们和美国人的关系是切实的，”他补充说，“但不会是那种一夫一妻制的关系，因为美国人不可靠。” |
| Others noted that the Kremlin had overlooked human rights abuses that Washington often criticized, and that relations with an alternative power gave the Arab states more leverage. “It’s useful for Arab countries to take this stance,” said Mustapha Al-Sayyid, a political science professor at Cairo University. |
| 还有人则指出，克里姆林宫完全无视华盛顿经常批评的侵犯人权行为，而且与另一个大国建立关系可以让阿拉伯国家拥有更多筹码。开罗大学政治学教授穆斯塔法·赛义德表示：“对阿拉伯国家来说，采取这种立场是有益的。” |
| Russia has sold weapons to all three countries, and a few Saudi military officers have begun training in Russia. Egypt and the U.A.E. have cooperated with Russia for several years in Libya, where all three have backed the same strongman in Eastern Libya in his conflict with the U.N.-backed government. Egypt provided bases near the border, the U.A.E. sent fighter planes and Russia deployed mercenaries. |
| 俄罗斯向这三个国家出售了武器，一些沙特军官开始在俄罗斯接受训练。埃及和阿联酋在利比亚已经与俄罗斯合作了好几年，这三个国家都支持利比亚东部一名铁腕人物与联合国支持的政府发生冲突。埃及在边境附近提供了基地，阿联酋派出了战斗机，俄罗斯则派出了雇佣兵。 |
| Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, the de facto ruler of the United Arab Emirates, visited Moscow at least six times between 2013 and 2018. When Mr. Putin visited the Emirati capital, Abu Dhabi, the next year, the city lit up landmarks in Russian colors and repainted its police cars with Russian banners and Cyrillic script. |
| 2013年至2018年，阿拉伯联合酋长国的实际统治者穆罕默德·本·扎耶德王储至少六次访问莫斯科。当普京于第二年访问阿联酋首都阿布扎比时，这座城市用俄罗斯国旗的颜色点亮了地标，并将警车重新漆上俄罗斯的旗帜和斯拉夫字母。 |
| Other entanglements bind their interests too, including the ongoing civil war in Yemen pitting partisans backed by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates against others favored by Iran. |
| 其他纠葛也将他们的利益捆绑在一起，包括也门正在进行的内战，在这场内战中，沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋支持的游击队员与伊朗支持的其他游击队员之间展开较量。 |
| During a U.N. Security Council session last week, Russia unexpectedly supported an Emirati resolution to label the Iranian-backed fighters “terrorists.” Analysts sympathetic to the U.A.E. argued that it had won Moscow’s backing in part by abstaining from the resolution denouncing the Ukraine invasion. |
| 在联合国安理会上星期的一次会议上，俄罗斯出人意料地支持阿联酋的一项决议，将伊朗支持的武装分子列为“恐怖分子”。同情阿联酋的分析人士认为，阿联酋之所以赢得莫斯科的支持，部分原因是它在谴责入侵乌克兰的决议中弃权。 |
| Russia, though, has also used financial ties to pull the Gulf Arabs closer, partly through its state-controlled Russian Direct Investment Fund and its chief executive, Kirill Dmitriev, who last week was added to the sanctions list. |
| 不过，俄罗斯也利用金融关系拉近了同海湾阿拉伯国家的关系，部分是通过其国有控股的俄罗斯直接投资基金及其首席执行官基里尔·德米特里耶夫。上周，德米特里耶夫被列入了制裁名单。 |
| Created in 2011 to lure foreign capital to invest in Russia in partnership with its government, the fund initially courted Wall Street. Mr. Dmitriev, a Russian with degrees from Stanford University and the Harvard Business School, had once worked at a U.S. government-sponsored fund to invest in the former Soviet Union. For the Russian fund, he recruited an advisory board that included Stephen Schwarzman of the Blackstone Group and Leon Black of Apollo Global Management. |
| 该基金成立于2011年，目的是与俄罗斯政府合作，吸引外国资本投资俄罗斯，最初曾向华尔街示好。德米特里耶夫是俄罗斯人，拥有斯坦福大学和哈佛商学院的学位，曾在美国政府资助的一个在前苏联投资的基金工作。他为俄罗斯直接投资基金招募了一个顾问委员会，其中包括黑石集团的苏世民(Stephen Schwarzman)和阿波罗全球管理公司的莱昂·布莱克。 |
| But the American financiers and money fled when Russia invaded Crimea in 2014. So Mr. Dmitriev turned east — securing investments worth more than $5 billion from the U.A.E. and more than $10 billion from Saudi Arabia. He also acted as an informal Russian envoy to the Gulf monarchs, talking foreign policy as well as money. |
| 但2014年俄罗斯入侵克里米亚时，美国的金融家和资金纷纷逃离。于是德米特里耶夫转向东方，从阿联酋和沙特分别获得了价值50多亿美元和100多亿美元的投资。他还充当非正式的俄罗斯特使，与海湾地区的君主们讨论外交政策和金钱问题。 |
| Mr. Dmitriev’s double role became especially clear after the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The Mueller report on Russian interference in the vote detailed how he had worked with Emirati leaders to try to connect on behalf of the Kremlin with those around Donald J. Trump — eventually preparing a short plan for “reconciliation” with Russia and getting it into the hands of Jared Kushner, the former president’s son-in-law and adviser, who shared it with top White House officials. |
| 德米特里耶夫的双重角色在2016年美国总统选举后变得尤为明显。穆勒关于俄罗斯干预选举的报告详细描述了他如何与阿联酋领导人合作，试图代表克里姆林宫与特朗普周围的人建立联系，最终准备了一份与俄罗斯“和解”的短期计划，并将其交给前总统的女婿兼顾问贾里德·库什纳，后者将该计划告诉了白宫高级官员。 |
| Rich Russians, though, have reasons other than geopolitics to buy property in Dubai. The sheikhs who ruled the city-state have long sought to attract business by allowing a high degree of secrecy about asset ownership and by sharing only limited information with other jurisdictions, said Maíra Martini, a researcher with Transparency International, which campaigns against corruption. |
| 然而，富有的俄罗斯人除了地缘政治之外，还有其他理由在迪拜购买房产。反腐运动“透明国际”的研究员马伊拉·马蒂尼说，长期以来，统治这个城邦的酋长一直试图通过允许对资产所有权高度保密以及与其他司法管辖区仅分享有限的信息来吸引业务。 |
| “Dubai has been a key player in most of the big corruption or money-laundering schemes in recent years,” she said, citing recent scandals involving Russian businessmen, the daughter of Angola’s former president, top Namibian fishing regulators and South Africa’s Gupta family. |
| “近年来，迪拜一直是大多数大型腐败或洗钱计划的关键参与者，”她援引近期丑闻说道，这些丑闻涉及俄罗斯商人、安哥拉前总统的女儿、纳米比亚渔业高级监管机构和南非古普塔家族。 |
| Citing such failings, the Financial Action Task Force, an influential money-laundering watchdog, on Friday put the United Arab Emirates on its “gray” list. |
| 周五，有影响力的反洗钱监管机构“金融行动特别工作组”以这些缺陷为由，将阿拉伯联合酋长国列入“灰名单”。 |
| A thriving colony of Russians in Dubai has made it a welcoming alternative to oligarch gathering spots like London’s Kensington neighborhood or the French Riviera. The Russian Business Council, a Dubai-based nonprofit, estimates that there are about 3,000 Russian-owned Emirati companies. The Russian embassy in the United Arab Emirates has said that about 100,000 Russian-speakers live in the country. About a million Russians visit each year. A Russian broadcaster, Tatiana Vishnevskaya, has built a career out of promoting life and commerce in Dubai. New real estate developments pop up “like mushrooms on a sunny day after the rain,” she recently told a tourism industry website. |
| 迪拜繁荣的俄罗斯人聚居地使其成为寡头大亨在伦敦肯辛顿或法国里维埃拉等聚集地以外的热门选择。总部位于迪拜的非营利组织俄罗斯商业委员会估计，俄罗斯人所有的阿联酋公司约有3000家。俄罗斯驻阿联酋大使馆表示，该国约有10万名讲俄语的人。每年约有100万俄罗斯人访问阿联酋。俄罗斯广播公司塔蒂亚娜·维什涅夫斯卡娅以促进迪拜的生活和商业发展为事业。她最近对一家旅游业网站说，新的房地产开发项目“犹如雨后春笋”。 |
| A Russian company, the Bulldozer Group, owns a dozen upscale restaurants and nightclubs in Dubai, including the local Cipriani outpost. Caviar Kaspia, a French-Russian night spot, boasts of the “largest Vodka selection in Dubai.” |
| 俄罗斯的推土机集团在迪拜拥有十几家高档餐厅和夜总会，其中包括当地的Cipriani分店。Caviar Kaspia是一家法俄风格夜店，拥有“迪拜最丰富的伏特加选品”。 |
| As in the current campaign against Russia, Dubai resisted earlier American-led sanctions against Iran, starting in 2006. Although the United Arab Emirates and Iran are opponents in regional politics, Dubai and Iran sit a short boat ride away across the Strait of Hormuz, and share trade and family ties going back centuries. |
| 正如迪拜目前在制裁俄罗斯运动上的态度，该国早些时候也抵制了美国领导的始于2006年的伊朗制裁。尽管阿联酋和伊朗在地区政治上是对手，但迪拜和伊朗距离霍尔木兹海峡仅需乘船可达，两地的贸易关系和家庭连结已持续几个世纪。 |
| But after six years, pressure from Washington and the emirate of Abu Dhabi forced greater compliance on sanctions from Dubai’s big financial institutions, said Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, an economist at the European Council on Foreign Relations. Yet since 2019, when Abu Dhabi began reopening diplomatic contacts with Tehran, Emirati trade with Iran has quietly risen again, he said. |
| 但欧洲外交关系委员会经济学家埃斯凡迪亚·巴特曼盖利吉表示，六年后，来自华盛顿和阿布扎比酋长国的压力迫使迪拜的大型金融机构进一步遵守制裁措施。然而，他说，自2019年阿布扎比开始与德黑兰重新开启外交接触以来，阿联酋与伊朗的贸易再次悄然上升。 |
| “They can calibrate it and turn it up and down,” Mr. Batmanghelidj added. |
| “他们可以对它进行调整，并把它调高又调低，”巴特曼盖利吉还说。 |
| Emirati officials, seeking to get off the money-laundering “gray” list, are already pledging new transparency measures. Those steps could also limit the ability of sanctioned oligarchs to hide assets or move money in Dubai. |
| 阿联酋官员寻求从洗钱“灰名单”上除名，已经承诺采取新的透明措施。这些措施还可能限制受制裁的寡头在迪拜隐藏资产或转移资金的能力。 |
| Cutting some Russian institutions off the international system for electronic bank transfers, called SWIFT, has already made it harder for them to do business with Dubai. And if Washington threatens to restrict Emirati access to the American financial system — as during the early years of the Iran sanctions — that could motivate the Emiratis to cooperate more. |
| 将一些俄罗斯机构从国际电子银行转账系统——即SWIFT——中剔除，已经使它们更难与迪拜开展业务。如果华盛顿威胁要限制阿联酋进入美国金融体系——就像在伊朗制裁初期那样——这可能会促使阿联酋更加配合。 |
| Still, Washington often weighs its partnerships in military and intelligence matters against other priorities, including the enforcement of sanctions. |
| 尽管如此，华盛顿还是经常需要将军事和情报事务上的伙伴关系与执行制裁这样的其他优先事项进行权衡。 |
| “The question,” said David H. Laufman, a lawyer who previously worked as a senior official in the national security division of the Justice Department, “is going to be how hard the Biden administration leans on the U.A.E. to get with the program.” |
| 曾在司法部国家安全部门担任高级官员的律师大卫·H·劳夫曼说：“问题将是拜登政府在这个计划的合作跟进上有多依赖阿联酋。” |
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