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| SINGAPORE — Much of the world has united against Russia in the aftermath of its incursion into Ukraine. Envoys have walked out of meetings rather than listen to a top Russian diplomat speak. Western nations have been in near lock step on international sanctions. Bartenders are banning Russian vodka. |
| 新加坡——俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后，世界上许多国家联合起来反对俄罗斯。各国特使纷纷退出会议，不愿听俄罗斯高级外交官讲话。西方国家在国际制裁问题上几乎步调一致。调酒师拒绝使用俄罗斯伏特加。 |
| In Asia, the reaction has been far more mixed. |
| 在亚洲，各国的反应复杂得多。 |
| Generals in Myanmar have called Russia’s actions “the right thing to do.” India abstained from a United Nations Security Council resolution to condemn the attack. China has refused to call the assault on Ukraine an invasion. And in Vietnam, Vladimir V. Putin, the Russian president, is being affectionately referred to as “Uncle Putin.” |
| 缅甸的将军们称俄罗斯的行动是“正确的做法”。印度在联合国安理会谴责这次袭击的决议中投了弃权票。中国拒绝将对乌克兰的攻击称为入侵。在越南，俄罗斯总统普京被亲切地称为“普京伯伯”。 |
| While most American allies in the region have fallen in line, authoritarian governments and those with weaker ties to the West have been more reluctant to act on the conflict in Ukraine. Across the Asia-Pacific, only Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Australia have agreed to international sanctions against Moscow. |
| 尽管美国在该地区的大多数盟友都已同美国达成一致，但威权政府以及那些同西方关系较弱的政府却更不愿意对乌克兰冲突采取行动。在整个亚太地区，只有日本、新加坡、韩国和澳大利亚同意对莫斯科实施国际制裁。 |
| The uneven response is unlikely to counterbalance the onslaught of Western anger, but it could test the limits of President Biden’s pledge to make Mr. Putin a “pariah on the international stage.” |
| 这种不平衡的反应不太可能抵消西方愤怒的冲击，但它可能会考验拜登总统让普京成为“国际舞台上被排斥的人”的承诺究竟能够达到何种限度。 |
| Russia’s influence in Asia is minimal compared with that of the United States, though it has grown in recent years, with a particular focus on arms sales. Already, the economic ministry in Moscow announced last Friday that it would seek to expand economic and trade ties with Asia to help offset Western sanctions. |
| 与美国相比，俄罗斯在亚洲的影响力微乎其微，尽管近年来影响力有所增长，尤其是在武器销售方面。莫斯科经济部上周五宣布，将寻求扩大与亚洲的经济和贸易联系，以帮助抵消西方的制裁。 |
| “I don’t think we will shun Russia,” said Bilahari Kausikan, Singapore’s former ambassador to Russia. “It is still a big country and is a nuclear weapons state.” It is also a permanent member of the Security Council, a status that is unlikely to change, Mr. Kausikan said. |
| “我认为我们不会回避俄罗斯，”前新加坡驻俄罗斯大使比拉哈里·考西坎表示。“它仍然是一个大国，而且是一个核武国家。”考西坎说，它还是安理会常任理事国，这一地位不太可能改变。 |
| Russia has sold fighter jets to Indonesia, Malaysia and Myanmar, but its biggest customer in Southeast Asia is Vietnam. From 2000 to 2019, 84 percent of Vietnam’s weapons imports came from Russia, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. |
| 俄罗斯曾向印尼、马来西亚和缅甸出售战斗机，但它在东南亚的最大客户是越南。斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所的数据显示，从2000年到2019年，越南84%的武器进口来自俄罗斯。 |
| In its bid to counter China, Vietnam has bought billions of dollars worth of Russian artillery, aircraft and submarines, transforming its military into one of Southeast Asia’s most capable fighting forces while making itself dependent on Moscow for years to come. |
| 为了对抗中国，越南购买了价值数十亿美元的俄罗斯火炮、飞机和潜艇，将其军队转变为东南亚最强大的战斗力量之一，同时使自己在未来几年里都要依赖莫斯科。 |
| In India, Moscow has been seen as a reliable military partner for decades. New Delhi is the world’s second-largest importer of Russian arms, which account for about half of its military supplies. When Mr. Putin visited New Delhi late last year, Russia detailed the sale of a $5.4 billion missile defense system to the country. |
| 在印度，莫斯科几十年来一直被视为可靠的军事伙伴。印度是全球第二大俄罗斯武器进口国，俄罗斯占印度军事供应的一半左右。去年年底普京访问新德里时，俄罗斯详细介绍了向印度出售价值54亿美元的导弹防御系统的情况。 |
| India has been careful not to condemn Russia over Ukraine and upset a time-tested friendship at a moment when China is threatening to encroach on its northeastern border. Moscow repeatedly used its veto power at the Security Council to block resolutions critical of India over Kashmir, a disputed territory India shares with Pakistan. In return, India abstained from a U.N. resolution condemning Moscow over its annexation of Crimea in 2014. |
| 在中国威胁要侵犯其东北边境之际，印度一直小心翼翼地避免在乌克兰问题上谴责俄罗斯，避免破坏双方久经考验的友谊。莫斯科多次使用其在安理会的否决权，阻止在克什米尔问题上批评印度的决议。克什米尔是印度和巴基斯坦共有的一块争议领土。作为回报，印度在联合国谴责莫斯科2014年吞并克里米亚的决议中弃权。 |
| Indian officials said last week that they may even help Russia find workarounds for the new sanctions by setting up rupee accounts to continue trade with Moscow, similar to what it did after the annexation of Crimea. |
| 印度官员上周表示，他们甚至可能帮助俄罗斯为新的制裁措施找到变通办法，比如设立卢比账户，继续与莫斯科进行贸易往来，这与其在克里米亚被吞并后的做法相似。 |
| “Whose side is India on?” said Pankaj Saran, India’s former ambassador to Russia. “We are on our side. The cyclical bursts of Cold War antagonism are tiresome.” |
| “印度站在哪一边？”前印度驻俄罗斯大使潘卡吉·萨兰表示。“我们站在我们自己这边。周期性爆发的冷战对抗令人厌倦。” |
| Indonesia, like India, has significantly increased its economic and defense ties with Russia over the years. Bilateral trade between the two countries rose to $2.74 billion in 2021, a 42.2 percent increase from the year before. Palm oil makes up about 38 percent of Indonesia’s exports to Russia. |
| 印尼和印度一样，多年来显著加强了与俄罗斯的经济和国防关系。2021年，两国双边贸易额达到27.4亿美元，同比增长42.2%。棕榈油约占印尼对俄罗斯出口的38%。 |
| In December 2021, Jakarta hosted the first-ever joint maritime exercise between Russia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN. |
| 2021年12月，雅加达主办了俄罗斯和东盟的首次联合海上演习。 |
| “Indonesia does not see Russia as a threat to global politics or as a foe,” said Dinna Prapto Raharja, an associate professor in international relations at Bina Nusantara University in Jakarta. “Unilateral sanctions limit the chance for negotiation and heightens the sense of insecurity to the affected countries,” she added. |
| “印尼不把俄罗斯视为全球政治的威胁，也不把俄罗斯视为敌人，”雅加达建国大学国际关系副教授丁娜·普拉托·拉哈尔贾说，她还说：“单方面制裁限制了谈判的机会，加剧了受影响国家的不安全感。” |
| Last Thursday, Teuku Faizasyah, a spokesman for Indonesia’s Foreign Ministry, suggested that the country had no intention of imposing sanctions against Moscow, arguing it would “not blindly follow the steps taken by another country.” |
| 上周四，印尼外交部发言人泰古·法扎沙表示，印尼无意对莫斯科实施制裁，称该国“不会盲目追随另一个国家采取的措施”。 |
| Where the United States has been quick to criticize Russia for its policies, Mr. Putin’s brand of authoritarian politics has appealed to many countries across Asia, and especially in Southeast Asia, where strongman rule is often favored. |
| 在美国急于批评俄罗斯政策的方面，普京的威权政治已经吸引了亚洲的许多国家，尤其是东南亚，那里的人往往更喜欢铁腕统治。 |
| In a 2017 Pew Research Center global survey, more than half those polled in the Philippines and Vietnam said they trusted Mr. Putin. At the height of the pandemic, Moscow donated Covid-19 vaccines to the Philippines, Vietnam and Laos. |
| 皮尤研究中心2017年的一项全球调查显示，超过一半的菲律宾和越南受访者表示信任普京。在疫情最严重的时候，莫斯科向菲律宾、越南和老挝捐赠了新冠疫苗。 |
| “I am a big fan of Uncle Putin because he always takes drastic actions,” said Tran Trung Hieu, 28, an independent filmmaker in Hanoi, using the same term of respect that locals use for Ho Chi Minh, the revolutionary who led the independence movement in Vietnam. |
| “我是普京伯伯的超级粉丝，因为他总是采取激烈的行动，”河内28岁的独立电影人陈忠南（音）说，“伯伯”是当地人对领导越南独立运动的革命家胡志明的尊称。 |
| Rodrigo Duterte, the president of the Philippines, has called Mr. Putin his “favorite hero.” The Philippines on Monday said it condemned the invasion in Ukraine but did not name Russia. Last week, Vietnam refrained from singling Russia out as an aggressor, and instead called on “all relevant parties to exercise restraint.” |
| 菲律宾总统杜特地称普京是他“最喜爱的英雄”。菲律宾周一表示谴责对乌克兰的入侵，但没有提到俄罗斯。上周，越南没有将俄罗斯列为侵略者，而是呼吁“有关各方保持克制”。 |
| Two editors for a Vietnamese online magazine and Vietnam National Television said they were told to censor themselves in their reports on the war, including reducing the extent and frequency of coverage, and banning the word “invasion.” Both asked to remain anonymous for fear of government reprisals. |
| 越南一家网络杂志和越南国家电视台的两名编辑说，他们被告知要对有关战争的报道进行自我审查，包括减少报道的范围和频率，并禁止使用“入侵”一词。由于担心政府报复，两人都要求匿名。 |
| But no country in Southeast Asia has been more supportive of Russia since the invasion than Myanmar, where the military seized power in a coup 13 months ago. Senior military officers from both nations, including Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, the head of Myanmar’s regime, exchanged visits several times last year. |
| 但自俄罗斯入侵以来，东南亚没有哪个国家比缅甸更支持俄罗斯。13个月前，缅甸军方在政变中夺取了政权。去年，包括缅甸政权领导人敏昂莱在内的两国高级军官进行了多次互访。 |
| Last week, Maj. Gen Zaw Min Tun, the spokesman for the junta, told The New York Times that Moscow had “done its part to maintain its sovereignty,” and that the attack was “the right thing to do.” Russia has continued to sell arms to Myanmar after the coup, despite warnings as a humanitarian crisis unfolds. |
| 上周，军政府发言人绍敏通少校告诉《纽约时报》，莫斯科在“尽其所能维护其主权”，这次袭击是“正确的做法”。在缅甸政变后，俄罗斯无视有关缅甸人道主义危机的警告，继续向缅甸出售武器。 |
| On Monday, President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine called for an international tribunal to investigate Russia for war crimes, but governments in Asia have long understood that being vocal about human rights abuses risks inviting unwanted scrutiny on repressive policies at home. |
| 周一，乌克兰总统泽连斯基呼吁成立国际法庭调查俄罗斯的战争罪行，但亚洲各国政府早就明白，为侵犯人权的行为发声可能会为国内的压迫性政策招致不必要的关注。 |
| Thailand, a treaty ally of the United States, has said little about the war except that it supported “ongoing efforts to find a peaceful settlement.” Thitinan Pongsudhirak, director of the Institute of Security and International Studies at Bangkok’s Chulalongkorn University, called that stance “sitting on the fence and not wanting to get down from the fence at all.” |
| 作为美国的条约盟友，泰国对这场战争几乎不置一词，只称其支持“正在进行的寻找和平解决方案的努力”。曼谷朱拉隆功大学安全与国际问题研究所所长提蒂南·蓬苏迪拉克表示，这种立场“就是骑墙，而且在墙上完全不想下来”。 |
| “When Thailand engages abroad, it is concerned, it is fearful that there will be questions about domestic issues in Thailand,” Mr. Pongsudhirak said. The country quelled recent nationwide protests by arresting dozens of young people. |
| “泰国对参与海外事务顾虑重重，很害怕会因国内问题受到质疑，”蓬苏迪拉克表示。泰国在平息最近的全国性抗议活动时逮捕了数十名年轻人。 |
| Even among the stalwart American allies in Asia, the decision to punish Russia has included some hesitation. |
| 即便对于美国最坚定的亚洲盟友，做出惩罚俄罗斯的决定也带有一定的犹豫。 |
| South Korea, after a delay, said it would implement sanctions imposed by the United States and Europe but would not enact its own penalties. Officials said the country needed “to keep in mind that our trade relations with Russia are growing.” By contrast, Japan’s prime minister, Fumio Kishida, was quick to condemn Russian aggression and announce sanctions. |
| 韩国在拖延了一段时间后表示，将实施与美国和欧洲同样的制裁，但不会另行加码。官员们声称，韩国“不能忘记的是，我们与俄罗斯的贸易关系正在增长”。相较之下，日本首相岸田文雄迅速谴责了俄罗斯的入侵行为，并宣布了制裁措施。 |
| In an interview, Kateryna Zelenko, Ukraine’s ambassador to Singapore, said a refusal to stop Russia would ultimately compromise global security. “It must be clear that keeping silent and standing neutral” is a form of consent, Ms. Zelenko said. |
| 乌克兰驻新加坡大使卡特琳娜·泽连科在一次采访中表示，拒绝制止俄罗斯的行为终将危及全球安全。她说，“必须明确的是，沉默和中立”就意味着认同。 |
| She added: “We really hope that everyone soon understands that in this terrible war, nobody will be able to sit out.” |
| 她还说道：“我们真希望所有人能尽快明白，在这场可怕的战争中，谁都不能袖手旁观。” |
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