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| HANOI, Vietnam — At Pham Thanh Hong’s dragon fruit orchard in Vietnam, most of the lights are turned off. All is silent except for the periodic thud of the ripe pink fruit falling to the ground. |
| 越南河内——在越南范清洪（音）的火龙果园，大部分的灯都熄了。除了成熟的粉红色果实不时掉落在地上发出的声音外，一切都静悄悄的。 |
| Mr. Pham, 46, is not bothering to harvest them. |
| 46岁的范清洪却无心收获这些果实。 |
| The farmer watched dragon fruit prices plummet by 25 percent in the last week of December to near zero, pushed down by what several officials in Vietnam say is China’s “zero-Covid” policy. “I’m too disheartened to use my strength to pick them up, then throw them away,” Mr. Pham said. |
| 这位农民眼睁睁地看着火龙果的价格在12月的最后一周暴跌25%至接近于零的水平，越南几名官员说，这是由于中国“清零”政策导致的。“我心灰意冷，无力把它们捡起来再扔掉，”范清洪说。 |
| Selling fruit to China in the coronavirus pandemic is not for the fainthearted. |
| 在疫情期间向中国出售水果是件风险极大的事情。 |
| China has gone to great lengths to keep the virus out of its borders. It has screened mail and tested thousands of packages of fruit and frozen foods despite little evidence that the virus can be transmitted through such products. It has locked down entire cities, leaving Chinese citizens stranded without medicine or food. |
| 为了将病毒拒之门外，中国已竭尽全力。该国对邮件进行筛查、对数以千计的水果和冷冻食品包装进行检测，尽管几乎没有证据表明病毒可以通过此类产品传播。该国将城市全面封锁，导致民众处于得不到药物或食物的困境。 |
| That strict virus policy has also had alarming consequences well beyond China. Southeast Asian fruit farmers are especially vulnerable because so much of the region’s exports are directed toward the country. In 2020, the total fruit exports from Southeast Asia to China stood at roughly $6 billion. |
| 这种严格的防疫政策在中国以外的地方也导致了令人担忧的后果。东南亚的果农尤其容易受到影响，因为该地区的大部分出口产品都是运往中国的。2020年，东南亚向中国的水果出口总额约为60亿美元。 |
| “If they buy, we’re alive. If they don’t, we’re dead,” Mr. Pham said. “We are growing dragon fruit, but it pretty much feels like gambling.” |
| “如果他们买了，我们就能活下来。如果他们不买，我们就完了，”范清洪说。“我们是在种植火龙果，但感觉就像在赌博。” |
| Long lines of trucks arriving from Vietnam, Myanmar and Laos are now backed up on China’s border crossings. Dragon fruit farmers in Vietnam, who export mostly to China, have been pushed heavily into debt. |
| 现在，来自越南、缅甸和老挝的卡车在中国的边境口岸排起了长龙。越南的火龙果主要出口到中国，其种植者已背负沉重的债务。 |
| In Myanmar, watermelon exporters are dumping their fruit on the border because truck drivers have been told to quarantine for 15 days before they can bring the goods into China. |
| 在缅甸，西瓜出口商在边境弃置水果，因为卡车司机被告知要隔离15天才能将货物带入中国。 |
| The restrictions appear to have especially hurt Vietnam’s dragon fruit farmers. After nine cities in China said they had detected the coronavirus on dragon fruit imported from Vietnam, the authorities shut down supermarkets selling the fruit, forced at least 1,000 people who had come into contact with the fruit to quarantine, and ordered customers to be tested. |
| 这些限制似乎尤其对越南的火龙果种植者造成了伤害。在九个中国城市表示从越南进口的火龙果中检测到新冠病毒后，当局关停了销售这种水果的超市，强制至少1000名接触过火龙果的人进行隔离，并下令对顾客进行检测。 |
| Then, in late December, China closed its border with Vietnam for the first time during the pandemic. |
| 然后，在12月下旬，中国关闭了与越南的边境，这是疫情以来的首次。 |
| “China did not tell Vietnam anything in advance,” said Dang Phuc Nguyen, general secretary of the Vietnam Fruit and Vegetable Association. “They acted very suddenly.” |
| “中国没有事先知会越南一声，”越南果蔬协会秘书长邓福阮（音）说。“突然就采取了行动。” |
| More than a million Vietnamese dragon fruit, mango and jackfruit farmers have been affected by the curbs, according to Mr. Dang. China accounts for more than 55 percent of Vietnam’s $3.2 billion in fruit and vegetable exports, chief of which is the dragon fruit. |
| 据邓福阮说，超过100万的越南火龙果、芒果和菠萝蜜种植者受到了限制措施的影响。在越南32亿美元的果蔬出口额中，中国占55%以上，其中火龙果占主要份额。 |
| Pham Thi Tu Lam, a farmer from Vietnam’s Vinh Long Province, said she decided to switch from growing oranges to dragon fruit in 2015. At that time, she could fetch $1.22 for one kilogram, or a little over two pounds, of the fruit. Now, because prices have plunged to a tenth of that, she has had to abandon 1,150 of the concrete posts where the plants are typically grown. |
| 来自越南永隆省的农民范氏图兰（音）说，她在2015年决定从种植橙子转为种植火龙果。当时，一公斤的火龙果可以卖到1.22美元。现在，由于价格已跌至原来的十分之一，她不得不丢弃1150个用来种植火龙果的混凝土柱子。 |
| Unable to find any buyers, she gave most of last year’s harvest to her neighbors, used it for chicken feed or tossed it. She had invested more than $1,300 and three months into growing the dragon fruit. “All of which is now gone, with nothing left,” she said. |
| 由于找不到买家，她把去年收成的大部分都给了邻居，用来喂鸡或扔掉。她投资了1300多美元和三个月来种植火龙果。“现在这些都没有了，什么都没留下，”她说。 |
| The ripple effects of China’s zero-Covid policy have accelerated discussions about Southeast Asia’s dependence on the world’s second-largest economy. They have also coincided with growing anxiety in the region over Beijing’s presence in the South China Sea, disputed waters that many Southeast Asian nations claim as their own. |
| 中国“清零”政策的连锁反应加速了有关东南亚对世界第二大经济体依赖的讨论。与此同时，该地区对北京在南海的军事存在日益感到焦虑，许多东南亚国家都声称这片受争议的水域是它们的领土。 |
| “Until Covid, it seemed to me that the economic influence of China was so great in Southeast Asia that all those countries, notwithstanding the political tensions, were gravitating more toward the Chinese orbit,” said Bill Pritchard, a professor at the University of Sydney who has studied Southeast Asia’s fruit trade with China. “I think this has been some sort of a road bump on that. Whether it’s permanent or whether it’s temporary, I don’t know.” |
| “新冠之前，在我看来，中国在东南亚这些国家的经济影响力实在太大，尽管有政治紧张局势，所有这些国家还是更趋于被引向中国的轨道，”悉尼大学研究东南亚与中国水果贸易的教授比尔·普里查德说。“我认为这在某种程度上是一个减速带。它是永久性的还是暂时性的，我不知道。” |
| For more than a decade, fruit farmers in Southeast Asia have capitalized on a rising Chinese middle class that has become increasingly health conscious. They also benefited from a robust road and highway network linking their countries to China. |
| 十多年来，中国崛起的中产阶级健康意识日益增强，东南亚果农则从中获益。此外，他们还受益于连接他们国家与中国的强大公路和高速公路网络。 |
| Many of them had high hopes for the Lunar New Year, during which plates of cut tropical fruit are common features at dinner tables across China during the weeklong holiday. |
| 他们当中许多人都对春节抱有厚望。在这个为期一周的假期中，中国各地的餐桌上都常常会有切好的热带水果。 |
| Chinese authorities reopened the border with Vietnam last month, but they have not relaxed their screening measures. In late January, roughly 2,000 vehicles were stuck at the border, down from 5,000 in mid-December, according to Mr. Dang of Vietnam’s Fruit and Vegetable Association. Vietnamese officials have told businesses to avoid the crossing for now. |
| 中国当局上个月重新开放了与越南的边境，但没有放松检查措施。据越南果蔬协会的邓福阮说，1月底，大约有2000辆汽车被困在边境，低于12月中旬的5000辆。越南官员已经告诉企业暂时不要过境。 |
| Nguyen Anh Duong, a director specializing in economics at Vietnam’s Central Institute for Economic Management, said the Vietnamese government is trying to help farmers find alternative markets, including diverting dragon fruit to local supermarkets in Vietnam. |
| 越南中央经济管理学院经济学专业主任阮汉雄（音）说，越南政府正努力帮助农民找到替代市场，包括将火龙果分流到越南当地的超市。 |
| But diversifying from China will be difficult. Using planes and ships to send fruit to other countries would drive costs higher. Several of the fruit-growing regions in Southeast Asia are not close to airports. |
| 但在中国以外拓展经营是困难的。使用飞机和船只将水果运往其他国家将会导致成本上升。东南亚的几个水果种植区并不靠近机场。 |
| For now, fruit farmers are bracing for greater hardship. |
| 目前，果农正准备面对更大的困难。 |
| Aye Myo Kyi, a watermelon farmer in Myanmar, said he had to throw his watermelons away when China clamped down on the border with Myanmar in April 2021. |
| 缅甸西瓜农埃妙枝（音）表示，2021年4月中国对缅甸边境实施封锁时，他只得扔掉自己的西瓜。 |
| “I have never lost money like this before,” said Mr. Aye Myo Kyi, who has been selling watermelons since 2010. He said he has now switched to selling beans domestically. |
| “我以前从来没有像这样亏本过，”埃妙枝说，他从2010年开始卖西瓜。他说，他现在已经转为在缅甸国内卖豆子。 |
| Thai exporters who usually ship their fruit through Vietnam and Laos, which share crossings with China, have been frustrated with government leaders for not helping them manage their losses. |
| 泰国出口商通常通过与中国接壤的越南和老挝运送水果，他们对政府领导人没有帮助他们处理损失感到失望。 |
| Worakanya Panyaprasertkit, a longan exporter in Thailand, said a shipment of her fruit was stuck at the border with Vietnam for 60 days. By the time China announced it would open its border crossing with the country in January, most of the fruit had already gone bad. |
| 泰国龙眼出口商沃拉坎亚·潘亚普拉色特吉特说，她的一批龙眼在中越边境滞留了60天。到今年1月中国宣布将开放边境时，大多数水果已经坏了。 |
| “We have complained to different agencies, they know about our problems, but even then we haven’t seen any progress,” she said. “They are leaving us to fight for our own lives.” |
| “我们向不同的机构投诉，他们知道我们的问题，但即使这样，我们也没有看到任何进展，”她说。“他们让我们自救。” |
| The exporters do not expect the situation to ease until after the Winter Olympics end in Beijing on Feb. 20. China is also trying to stamp out several outbreaks of the Omicron variant at home, which could lead to even more stringent border screenings. |
| 出口商预计，在2月20日北京冬奥会结束之前，形势不会有所缓解。中国还试图在国内遏制奥密克戎变异株的几次暴发，这可能会导致更严格的边境检查。 |
| Patchaya Khiaophan, vice president of marketing for the Thai Durian Association, said she expects China to continue to periodically open and close its borders in the coming months. Thailand is developing disinfectants to spray on containers of durian for export and tightened the safety and packaging standards for the spiky fruit in time for the harvest in April. |
| 泰国榴莲协会负责营销的副总裁帕切亚·希奥芬说，她预计中国将在未来几个月继续不时开放和关闭边境。泰国正在研发一种消毒剂，以喷洒用于出口的榴莲容器，并在今年4月榴莲收获前及时加强这种多刺水果的安全和包装标准。 |
| “We have to reassure the Chinese side that Thai durian is free from Covid,” said Ms. Khiaophan. “We have prepared our farmers and business people,” she said. “For me, I don’t have high hopes.” |
| “我们必须向中方保证，泰国榴莲上没有新冠病毒，”希奥芬说。“我们已经帮助我们的农民和商人做好了准备，”她说。“至于我，我不抱太大希望。” |
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