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| BEIJING — The conversation at the Wukesong Sports Center veered dangerously from the growth and speed of women’s hockey toward the question of political statements at the Olympic Games. Hilary Knight, wrapping up practice ahead of her fourth Olympic appearance for the United States, paused, glanced around, and chose her words carefully. |
| 北京——在五棵松体育中心，话题险些从女子冰球的发展和速度转向奥运会上的政治声明问题。希拉里·奈特在她第四次代表美国参加奥运会之前结束了练习，停下来，环顾四周，仔细选择她的用词。 |
| “I think it’s important to be able to place value on things that you hold dearest to you, and it’s something that is important to me,” Knight began. Then she pivoted, saying that her priority was the American team’s opening game. |
| “我认为能够重视你最珍视的东西是很重要的，这对我来说也很重要，”奈特开始说道。然后她转移到重点，说她的首要任务是美国队的开局比赛。 |
| “As of now,” she said, “we’re specifically focused on Finland.” |
| “到目前为止，”她说，“我们具体关注的是芬兰。” |
| As competitions began in a Winter Olympics overshadowed by controversy over China’s record on human rights, the issue of what participants can and cannot say has loomed larger than at any Olympics in years. |
| 中国人权记录的争议给冬奥会蒙上了阴影，在比赛开始后，参赛者能说什么和不能说什么的问题比多年来任何一届奥运会都显得更加突出。 |
| Athletes have found themselves caught between activists urging them to use their celebrity to speak out and the rules of the International Olympic Committee that restrict what they can say and where. |
| 运动员们发现自己陷入两难，活动人士敦促他们利用自己的影响力大声疾呼，而国际奥委会却作出规定，限制他们在什么场合可以说什么。 |
| China’s Communist Party has also warned that athletes are subject not only to Olympic rules, but also to Chinese law. The warnings have been part of a crackdown in the weeks before Friday’s opening ceremony that, critics say, has had a chilling effect on dissent inside and outside the Olympic bubble. |
| 中国共产党还警告说，运动员不仅要遵守奥运会规则，还要遵守中国法律。这些警告是周五开幕式前几周镇压行动的一部分，批评人士说，这对奥运“泡泡”内外的异见人士产生了寒蝉效应。 |
| “Athletes need to be responsible for what they say,” Yang Yang, a senior official of the Beijing Organizing Committee and an Olympic champion, said at a news conference this week. |
| “运动员需要为自己的言论负责，”北京奥组委高级官员、奥运冠军杨扬在本周的新闻发布会上表示。 |
| China’s warnings have prompted criticism outside the country, including from the State Department in Washington, but inside, the response so far has been a studied self-censorship. |
| 中国的警告在国外引发了批评，包括来自华盛顿国务院的批评，但在国内，人们的反应迄今为止一直是深思熟虑的自我审查。 |
| Some national teams, including the United States and Canada, have warned their athletes there is potential legal jeopardy in speaking out — from both the International Olympic Committee and the Chinese judicial system. |
| 包括美国和加拿大在内的一些国家队已经警告他们的运动员，仗义执言存在潜在的法律风险——无论是来自国际奥委会还是中国的司法系统。 |
| When three skiers for Team New Zealand appeared at a news conference in Beijing on Wednesday, a spokesman, Lewis Hampton, cut off a question about the subject of the rules on political statements. The athletes were there to talk about “performance,” he said, not protest. |
| 周三，当新西兰队的三名滑雪运动员出现在北京的新闻发布会上时，发言人刘易斯·汉普顿打断了一个关于政治声明规定的问题。他说，运动员们在那里谈论“赛场表现”，而不是抗议。 |
| Sophie Richardson, the China director at Human Rights Watch, said she had been contacted by about two dozen Olympic athletes to discuss the lack of free speech in Beijing. |
| 人权观察中国部主任索菲·理查森说，大约有20多名奥运会运动员联系了她，讨论北京缺乏言论自由的问题。 |
| “A lot of people who have either never been to China before or who have, but aren’t sure about the circumstances or the environment, have reached out with questions about what they can say or do, what they’re concerned about, what the authorities’ reactions might be,” she said. |
| “许多从未去过中国，或曾经去过中国但对情况或环境不太确定的人，来询问他们可以说什么或做什么，他们担心什么，当局可能作出什么样的反应，”她说。 |
| Questions about China’s human rights record ahead of the Games have simmered for years, as they did before the Summer Olympics in Beijing in 2008. They seemed to take on new urgency last fall when Peng Shuai, the professional tennis player and former Olympian, accused a top political official of coercing her into a sexual relationship. |
| 在冬奥会前的中国人权记录问题多年来一直受到争议，就像2008年北京夏季奥运会之前一样。去年秋天，职业网球运动员、前奥运选手彭帅指控强迫她发生性关系的高官，使问题变得更加紧迫。 |
| Peng’s post quickly disappeared from social media and her whereabouts remained a mystery, prompting global outrage. T-shirts with the slogan “Where is Peng Shuai?” were briefly banned by the Australian Open last month, before officials relented and allowed spectators to wear them. |
| 彭帅的帖子很快从社交媒体上消失了，她的下落仍然是个谜，引发了全球的愤怒。上月的澳大利亚网球公开赛一度禁止观众穿着印有“彭帅在哪里？”标语的T恤。官员们后来做出了让步并准许他们这样穿。 |
| The question now is whether those shirts — or other forms of protest — will surface at the Beijing Games. |
| 现在的问题是，这些衣服——或其他形式的抗议——是否会在北京奥运会上出现。 |
| Within the Olympic community, the limits of political speech have become increasingly contested, a debate that has intensified with the Games in China, which routinely ranks among the world’s most repressive in surveys on political, religious and other freedoms. |
| 在奥林匹克界，政治言论的界限越来越受到质疑，随着中国奥运会的举行，这一争论愈演愈烈，在有关政治、宗教和其他自由的调查中，中国经常被列为世界上压制性最强的国家之一。 |
| At issue is Rule 50 of the Olympic Charter, which prohibits athletes or other participants from demonstrating or displaying “political, religious or racial propaganda” at Olympic events. A well-known case when it was invoked was during the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. The American sprinters John Carlos and Tommie Smith were expelled from the Games after raising their fists on the medals podium during the playing of the U.S. national anthem. |
| 有争议的是《奥林匹克宪章》第50条，该条禁止运动员或其他参与者在奥林匹克赛事中展示“政治、宗教或种族宣传”。一个触发该规则的著名例子是在1968年墨西哥城夏季奥运会期间。美国短跑运动员约翰·卡洛斯和托米·史密斯在演奏美国国歌期间在奖牌台上举起拳头后被逐出该届奥运会。 |
| The rule has recently been eased to allow athletes to express their views in Olympic villages and surroundings and on now-ubiquitous social media sites — but still not during competitions or medal ceremonies. The United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee went further in 2020, saying it would no longer punish athletes who participated in peaceful protests. |
| 该规则最近有所放宽，允许运动员在奥运村和周边地区以及现在无处不在的社交媒体网站上表达自己的观点，但仍然不能在比赛或颁奖典礼上发表意见。美国奥委会和残奥委员会在2020年更进一步，表示将不再惩罚参加和平抗议的运动员。 |
| Thomas Bach, the International Olympic Committee president, defended the rule on Thursday, saying that athletes should no more disrupt an Olympic event than a Shakespearean actor would interrupt a performance of “Hamlet” to make a political statement. |
| 周四，国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫为这项规定辩护，称运动员不应该扰乱奥运会，就像莎士比亚演员不应该中断《哈姆雷特》的表演发表政治声明一样。 |
| “When you engage in an event — the actor in a theater, the athlete in a Games — you have to respect the rules,” he said. |
| “当你参与一项活动——无论是剧场里的演员，还是奥运赛场上的选手——你必须尊重规则，”他说。 |
| Political activism has surfaced at many international events, including the Tokyo Olympics last summer, but no other host nation has been as strict as China in policing political dissent. |
| 许多国际赛事上都出现了政治行动主义，包括去年夏天的东京奥运会，但没有任何东道国像中国这样严格地监管政治异议。 |
| The Chinese Communist Party state has crushed political freedoms in Hong Kong and Tibet and conducted a mass detention and re-education campaign targeting Uyghur Muslims in the western region of Xinjiang that the United States has declared as genocidal. |
| 中国共产党国家压制了香港和西藏的政治自由，并针对新疆西部地区的维吾尔穆斯林进行了大规模拘禁和再教育运动，美国已将其宣布为种族灭绝。 |
| China’s critics have called on athletes, sponsors and advertisers to speak out. Some have encouraged silent protests, such as skipping the opening ceremony. |
| 中国的批评者呼吁运动员、赞助商和广告商站出来。一些人鼓励无声抗议，例如不参加开幕式。 |
| “We urge Olympic athletes to take every opportunity to exercise their internationally-recognized right to free speech and speak out against the ongoing genocide of Uyghur Muslims by the Chinese Communist Party,” the Council on American-Islamic Relations, an advocacy group, said in a statement. |
| “我们敦促奥运会运动员利用一切机会行使国际公认的言论自由权，并公开反对中国共产党对维吾尔穆斯林的种族灭绝，”倡导组织美国伊斯兰关系委员会在一份声明中说。 |
| The group invoked the legacy of the Summer Olympics held 86 years ago in Adolf Hitler’s Germany. “The world community must prevent a repetition of the 1936 Olympics, which was similarly used by a brutal dictatorship to whitewash its crimes against humanity.” |
| 该组织援引了86年前在阿道夫·希特勒的德国举办的夏季奥运会的历史。“国际社会必须防止1936年奥运会的重演，它同样被残暴的独裁政权利用，来粉饰其反人类罪行。” |
| In fact, protests among Olympic athletes are rare, even among those who may sympathize with human-rights causes. Most athletes are zealously focused on their sport, having devoted years of training to have the chance to compete at the highest level. |
| 事实上，很少有奥运会运动员抗议，即使在那些可能同情人权事业的人中也是如此。大多数运动员都热切地专注于他们的运动，经过多年的训练，才有机会参加最高水平的比赛。 |
| A survey last year by the International Olympic Committee reported that roughly two-thirds of athletes believed it was “not appropriate” to demonstrate on the medals podium. Even more opposed protests during the opening ceremony or during competitions themselves. |
| 国际奥委会去年的一项调查报告称，大约三分之二的运动员认为在奖牌领奖台上表达政治观点是“不合适的”。甚至更多运动员反对在开幕式或比赛期间进行抗议。 |
| EU Athletes, a federation that says it represents more than 25,000 elite athletes in Europe, criticized the survey and said that Rule 50 was “not compatible with the human rights of athletes.” |
| 自称代表欧洲超过2.5万名精英运动员的欧盟运动员联合会批评了这项调查，并表示第50条规则“不符合运动员的人权”。 |
| “The idea that a sport organization can restrict or redefine the human rights of athletes is simply unacceptable,” the group said. |
| “体育组织可以限制或重新定义运动员人权的想法是完全不可接受的，”该组织表示。 |
| Beijing 2022’s organizers have pledged to honor the Olympic Charter’s spirit to allow freedom of speech. Within the “closed loop” bubbles erected around Olympic venues, the authorities have created an open internet not restricted by China’s censorship. |
| 北京2022年奥运会的组织方已承诺尊重《奥林匹克宪章》的精神，允许言论自由。在围绕奥运场馆建立的“闭环”泡泡中，当局设立了一个不受中国审查限制的开放互联网。 |
| “Athletes are role models for the world and there is a lot of attention on them,” said Ms. Yang, the Beijing Olympic official. “They have their opinions and if they want to share that, that is important.” |
| “运动员是世界的榜样，他们受到很多关注，”北京奥组委官员杨扬说。“他们有自己的想法，如果他们想分享，那很重要。” |
| In news conferences or interviews, she added, “athletes are free to express their opinions.” |
| 她还说，在新闻发布会或采访中，“运动员可以自由表达自己的意见。” |
| So far, most seem reluctant to do so. |
| 到目前为止，大多数人对此感到犹豫。 |
| Knight, a forward on the Olympic hockey team, said the issue of political protest was “not something that necessarily just goes away and you don’t think about it.” She added, “It’s there, for sure.” |
| 奈特是奥运冰球队的前锋，她说政治抗议问题“不会就这样消失，然后你就不去想它了”。她说，“它肯定还在那里。” |
| Joel Johnson, her team’s coach, said that the focus of players was on the sport. “Certainly, we’re not ignoring anything that goes on in the world, but our narrow approach is just to focus on what we can control, and right now, that’s coming to the rink every day and preparing to play.” |
| 她的球队教练乔尔·约翰逊表示，球员们的注意力都集中在这项运动上。“当然，我们不会忽视世界上正在发生的任何事情，但我们能做的就是专注于我们可以控制的事情。现在，这件事就是每天来到冰场并准备比赛。” |
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