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| OAKLAND, Calif. — This spring, Black political leaders and civil rights activists delivered a message to Asian Americans: We stand with you. | 加利福尼亚州奥克兰——今年春天，黑人政治领袖和民权活动人士向亚裔美国人传达了一个信息：我们与你们站在一起。 |
| Asian American activists and political leaders responded in kind, publicly acknowledging the daily reality of racism faced by Black people. | 亚裔美国活动人士和政治领袖做出了相应的回应，公开承认黑人每天面临的种族主义现实。 |
| The two groups were reacting to violence aimed at their communities. That included the police killing of George Floyd last year in Minneapolis, which led to a surge in the Black Lives Matter movement. In March, a gunman killed eight people at Atlanta spas, six of whom were Asian women, amid a spree of anti-Asian attacks. | 这两个群体正在对自身所遭受的暴力做出反应。其中包括去年在明尼阿波利斯发生的警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德事件，这导致“黑人的命也是命”（Black Lives Matter，简称BLM）运动的迅猛发展。3月，一名枪手在亚特兰大的几家水疗中心杀害了八人，其中六人是亚裔女性，那段时期前后发生了一系列针对亚裔的袭击事件。 |
| In the aftermath, protesters wore “Black-Asian Unity” T-shirts and held #StopAsianHate rallies in cities such as Los Angeles and Chicago. The two groups, which historically have been divided by racial tensions and socioeconomic inequality, promised to cooperate to reduce violence and discrimination against people of color. | 事后，抗议者身穿“黑人–亚裔团结”(Black-Asian Unity)的T恤，在洛杉矶和芝加哥等城市举行“#停止对亚裔的仇恨”(#StopAsianHate)集会。这两个在历史上因种族紧张局势和社会经济不平等而分裂的群体承诺合作，以减少对有色人种的暴力和歧视。 |
| Yet nine months later, the results of that pledge are hard to find. In interviews, nearly two dozen activists, historians and community leaders around the country said that for the most part, no major efforts have been made to build bridges between the Black and Asian communities, and talks of solidarity have petered out. | 然而九个月过去了，这一承诺难见兑现。在采访中，全国近20名活动人士、历史学家和社区领袖表示，在大多数情况下，人们并没有做出重大努力在黑人和亚裔社区之间建立桥梁，关于双方团结起来的讨论也逐渐停息。 |
| In the spring, there was a “lot of support” for Black and Asian people to achieve change together, said JaMae Rooks, 29, a co-director of Atlanta’s Black Lives Matter chapter. “But when things died down, support, in essence, died down.” | 亚特兰大BLM分会的联席主任、现年29岁的贾梅·鲁克斯说，今年春天，黑人和亚裔在共同实现变革上得到了“很多支持”。“但是，当事情平息了，支持基本上就消失了。” |
| The reasons for the lack of unity were varied, activists said, including that the Black and Asian communities often view each other with suspicion. But the tensions boiled down to one main disagreement: policing. While Black Lives Matter activists have called for reducing police budgets and decreasing cities’ reliance on law enforcement officers, Asian leaders say that police are crucial to preventing attacks. | 活动人士说，缺乏团结的原因是多种多样的，包括黑人和亚裔社区经常相互猜疑。但紧张气氛可以归结为一个主要分歧：治安维护。尽管BLM活动人士呼吁减少警察预算，减少城市对执法人员的依赖，但亚裔领袖表示，警察对于防止袭击至关重要。 |
| The contrasting attitudes underline how drastically the relationship with law enforcement can differ depending on race. Black Americans have been disproportionately killed by the police, while Asian Americans are among the least likely to be harmed in police encounters, according to multiple studies. | 截然不同的态度凸显了人们与执法部门的关系可以因种族不同而存在天壤之别。多项研究显示，美国黑人被警察杀害的比例过高，而亚裔美国人在和警察打交道时受到伤害的可能性最低。 |
| Hate crimes against Asian people rose 73 percent in 2020, according to the F.B.I. The police killed 192 Black people in the United States this year, compared with 249 last year, according to data from the Mapping Police Violence research and advocacy project. | 根据联邦调查局的数据，2020年针对亚裔的仇恨犯罪增加了73%。根据研究和宣传项目“警察暴力地图”(Mapping Police Violence)的数据，今年美国警察杀死了192名黑人，而去年为249人。 |
| “There’s more criticism and more skepticism about the police among Black people than Asian Americans,” said Claire Jean Kim, a professor of political science and Asian American studies at the University of California, Irvine. Often, she said, Asian Americans see the police “as protectors of private property rather than instruments of social control.” | “与亚裔美国人相比，黑人对警察的批评和怀疑更多，”加州大学欧文分校政治学和亚裔美国人研究教授克莱尔·让·金说。她说，亚裔美国人通常将警察视为“私人财产的保护者，而不是社会控制的工具”。 |
| In Atlanta, Ms. Rooks said her group had not spoken recently about anti-Asian hate, nor did she have connections with local Asian groups. In May, President Biden signed a bill aimed at combating hate crimes against Asian Americans, which may have caused some Asians to feel that they had achieved their goal, she said. | 在亚特兰大，鲁克斯说她的团体最近没有谈及反亚裔仇恨，也没有与当地的亚裔团体建立联系。她说，今年5月，拜登总统签署了一项旨在打击针对亚裔美国人的仇恨犯罪的法案，这可能让一些亚裔觉得他们已经实现了目标。 |
| “We all come together for something major, and then we go off and do our own separate things, unfortunately,” Ms. Rooks said. | 鲁克斯说：“我们都为了一件重要的事情走到一起，令人遗憾的是，后来我们各奔东西。” |
| In New York City, some Asian American activists said they could not even agree among themselves on ways to address hate crimes, so working with Black people was less of a priority. | 在纽约市，一些亚裔美国活动人士表示，他们自己甚至都无法就解决仇恨犯罪的路线达成一致，因此与黑人合作不是优先事项。 |
| “Our problems are unique,” said Paul Mak, a community organizer who supports heavier policing in Brooklyn’s Sunset Park district, where reports of harassment against Asians peaked this spring. In June, when hordes of patrol cars camped out in the area for a week, no new reports came in, though the hate crimes re-emerged when the police left, he added. | “我们的问题是特殊的，”社区组织者保罗·麦（音）说，他支持在布鲁克林日落公园区加强治安，今年春天，这里上报的针对亚裔的骚扰达到顶峰。他还说，6月，当成群的巡逻车在该地区停驻的一周内没有出现类似报告，但是在警察离开后，仇恨犯罪重新出现。 |
| The debate has played out across generational lines as well as racial ones, with younger activists of both races often viewing more policing as ineffective. | 这场辩论不仅存在于种族之间，也显示出代际差异——两个种族的年轻活动人士通常都认为更多的警务是无效的。 |
| In New York, younger Black and Asian progressive activists argued in May that strategies like self-defense training and driving services that take Asian elders to the grocery store were more successful at countering violence than bringing in more police officers. | 在纽约，年轻的黑人和亚裔进步活动人士在5月争辩说，相比引入更多警察，自卫训练和开车送亚裔老人去杂货店的服务等策略在打击暴力方面更成功。 |
| Lateefah Simon, the founder of the Akonadi Foundation, a racial justice group in Oakland, Calif., said she had seen younger Black and Asian activists in California working to form bonds, especially through social media. But she acknowledged that progress was difficult. | 加利福尼亚州奥克兰的种族正义组织Akonadi Foundation的创始人拉蒂法·西蒙说，她看到加利福尼亚州的年轻黑人和亚裔活动人士在努力建立联系，尤其是在社交媒体上。但她承认进展很困难。 |
| “We don’t know each other in our communities, and we need to do a better job of humanizing each other and not pointing fingers,” said Ms. Simon, 44. | 44岁的西蒙说：“我们在社区中互不相识，我们需要更好地让彼此感到人情味，而不是互相指责。” |
| The divisions have been particularly striking in California, where reports of hate crimes against Asians jumped 107 percent this year from 2020, according to Rob Bonta, the state’s attorney general. More than 200 Black people have been killed by police officers in California since 2013, according to Mapping Police Violence data, including 16 this year. | 这种分歧在加州尤其明显。州总检察长罗布·邦塔表示，今年加州针对亚裔的仇恨犯罪报告比2020年激增了107%。根据“警察暴力地图”的数据，自2013年以来，加州已有200多名黑人被警察杀害，其中今年有16人。 |
| In August, Carl Chan, the president of the Chinatown Chamber of Commerce in Oakland, urged Gov. Gavin Newsom to deploy California Highway Patrol members on city streets so that local officers could spend more time patrolling neighborhoods like Chinatown. | 今年8月，奥克兰华埠商会会长陈锡澎敦促州长加文·纽森将加州公路巡警部署至城市街道，这样当地警察就可以花更多时间在华埠这样的社区巡逻。 |
| “Our seniors are afraid to walk on the streets,” said Mr. Chan, 63, who was assaulted while walking in Chinatown in April. When additional C.H.P. officers arrived in September, some Asian business owners said they felt safer, he said, and some Black business owners and religious leaders also wanted more policing. | “我们的老年人不敢在街上走，”63岁的陈锡澎说。今年4月，他在华埠散步时遭到了袭击。他说，9月又有更多的加州公路巡警抵达时，一些亚裔企业主表示，他们感觉更安全了，一些黑人企业主和宗教领袖也希望加强治安。 |
| But Cat Brooks, the co-founder of the Anti-Police Terror Project, a Black-led group, said adding more officers created a “totally oppressive environment” that was dangerous for people of color. | 但是，由黑人领导的组织“反警察恐怖项目”(Anti-Police Terror Project)的联合创始人卡特·布鲁克斯说，增加警察人数创造了一种“全然压迫的环境”，这对有色人种来说是危险的。 |
| “For Carl Chan to be able to call in the wrath of agencies that have historically brutalized Black and brown communities is terrifying,” she said, adding that many Asian progressive groups agreed with her. | 她说：“陈锡澎能够唤起那些历来残酷对待黑色和棕色群体的机构的愤怒，这太可怕了。”她还说，许多亚裔进步团体也同意她的观点。 |
| Ms. Brooks and Mr. Chan said they had not spoken. | 布鲁克斯和陈锡澎说，他们还没有交谈过。 |
| Ms. Brooks said people of color have been pitted against one another by America’s political and legal systems. “If me and you are starving and someone, after two weeks of us starving, puts a piece of bread down on the table between the two of us, what’s going to happen?” she said. “We’re going to fight to the death for that bread.” | 布鲁克斯女士说，美国的政治和法律体系让有色人种彼此对立。“如果我和你都在挨饿，而有人在我们饿了两个星期之后，在我们之间的桌子上放了一块面包，会发生什么？”她说。“我们会为了那块面包自相残杀。” |
| Black and Asian Americans have joined forces in the past. In the 1960s, the Black Panthers teamed up with the Red Guard Party to push for better living conditions in San Francisco’s Chinatown. In 2014, the Asians for Black Lives movement sprang up to support Black Lives Matter. | 黑人和亚裔美国人过去曾经联手。上世纪60年代，黑豹党与红卫兵党联手，推动改善旧金山华埠的生活条件。2014年，“亚裔支持黑人生命”(Asians for Black Lives)运动兴起，支持BLM。 |
| Sometimes, though, there have been clashes. In the 1990s, Korean business owners in South Central Los Angeles wrangled with the poorer Black residents in the area. Tensions there peaked in 1992, after four police officers who had beaten Rodney King were acquitted, leading to riots. More than 2,300 Korean-owned business were looted and burned. | 不过，双方有时也会发生冲突。在90年代，洛杉矶中南部的韩国企业主与当地较贫穷的黑人居民发生了争执。1992年，四名曾殴打罗德尼·金的警察被判无罪，引发了骚乱，之后紧张局势达到顶峰。2300多家韩国人经营的商店被洗劫和烧毁。 |
| Dr. Kim said the uneasy relations stemmed from an inherent inequality. Because Asian people don’t trace their roots in America to slavery, she said, they are often compared with white people in socioeconomic status. | 克莱尔·让·金说，这种不安的关系源于内在的不平等。她说，由于亚裔在美国的根源不会追溯到奴隶制，他们在社会经济地位上经常被拿来与白人相比。 |
| In 2016, the median yearly income for Asian adults was $51,000, similar to the $48,000 for whites and above the $31,000 for Black adults, according to a study by the Pew Research Center. Yet Asian people, who are not a homogeneous group, were also the nation’s most economically divided group, the same study found; over the last four decades, the poorest Asians saw the least amount of income growth compared with their counterparts in other races. | 皮尤研究中心的一项研究显示，2016年，亚裔成年人的年收入中位数为5.1万美元，与白人4.8万美元的收入水平相当，高于黑人成年人的年收入中位数3.1万美元。然而，同一项研究发现，亚裔并不是一个同质化群体，他们也是美国经济分化最严重的群体；在过去40年里，与其他族裔相比，最贫穷的亚裔收入增幅最小。 |
| As a result, Dr. Kim said, it was difficult to find common ground. “What kind of forum would have conservative, affluent Chinese immigrants talking to Black activists from a poor urban area, saying, ‘We need to defund the police?’” she said. | 因此，克莱尔·让·金说，双方很难找到共同立场。“什么样的论坛会让保守、富裕的中国移民与来自贫困城区的黑人活动人士交谈，说，‘我们需要减少给警察部门的资金？’”她说。 |
| Activists said there were advantages to getting Black and Asian communities on the same page. City leaders are often reluctant to make policing changes unless minorities present a unified front, they said. | 活动人士表示，让黑人社区和亚裔社区站在同一战线是有好处的。他们说，除非少数族裔团结在一起，否则城市领导人往往不愿做出警务改革。 |
| “We’ve heard, ‘If your community can’t agree on this thing, then I’m not going to make a decision on it,’” said Alvina Wong, 33, the campaign and organizing director for the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, a progressive Oakland group. | “我们得到了信息，‘如果你们的社区在这件事上不能达成一致，那么我就不会做出决定，’”33岁的黄晓茵说。她是奥克兰进步组织“亚太环保网络”(Asian Pacific Environmental Network)的活动和组织主管。 |
| On the front lines of this debate, even friends have sometimes disagreed. | 在这场辩论的前线，即使是朋友，有时也会有分歧。 |
| When Mr. Chan pleaded for more C.H.P. officers in Oakland this summer, he summoned the local media to a plaza in the heart of Chinatown. Flanking him were members of a volunteer patrol team aimed at tackling crime and Loren Taylor, an Oakland City Council member who is a friend. | 今年夏天，陈锡澎请求在奥克兰部署更多的加州公路巡警，他把当地媒体召集到华埠中心的一个广场。站在他身边的是一支旨在解决犯罪问题的志愿巡逻队的成员们，以及他的朋友、奥克兰市议会成员劳伦·泰勒。 |
| But when a local reporter asked Mr. Taylor, who is Black, if he had signed onto Mr. Chan’s letter requesting more policing, Mr. Taylor said he had not. He was there to denounce Asian hatred, Mr. Taylor said, but was concerned about bringing in officers unfamiliar with Oakland’s standards for law enforcement. | 但一名当地记者问身为黑人的泰勒，他是否在陈锡澎要求加强警力的信上签了名时，泰勒说他没有。泰勒说，他来这里是为了谴责对亚裔的仇恨，但担心带来不熟悉奥克兰执法标准的警察。 |
| “We want to have the argument within ourselves, before we bring in others,” he said in an interview. | 他在接受采访时说，“我们希望先在自己内部进行争论，然后再让其他人参与进来。” |
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