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| Two years ago, researchers uncovered details about a disinformation network that made a coordinated effort to push Chinese government messaging outside the country. Now, a separate research group says the network is still at it, despite efforts by social media companies to stop it. |
| 两年前，研究人员发现了一个虚假信息网络的细节，该网络通过协调努力，将中国政府的信息传播到国外。现在，一个独立的研究小组表示，尽管社交媒体公司努力阻止，但该网络仍在继续运作。 |
| More than 2,000 accounts continued to spread Chinese propaganda in the last year, according to a new report from the disinformation research group Miburo. They have promoted such falsehoods as the denial of human rights abuses in China’s Xinjiang region, where the Communist Party has carried out repressive policies against the Uyghurs, a Muslim ethnic minority, and Covid-19 misinformation, like the conspiracy that the U.S. military developed the coronavirus as a bioweapon. |
| 研究虚假信息的机构米布罗(Miburo)的一份新报告显示，过去一年有超过2000个帐号继续传播中国的宣传。它们宣扬的虚假信息包括否认中国新疆地区的人权侵犯行为，中国共产党在那里对穆斯林少数民族维吾尔人实施镇压政策；以及关于新冠病毒的错误信息，如美国军方开发新冠病毒作为生物武器的阴谋。 |
| The accounts point to a “well-resourced, high-skill actor that keeps reappearing,” said Nick Monaco, the director of China research at Miburo. He added that the timing and messaging of the posts in the network aligned perfectly with public messaging put out by the Chinese government in the last year. |
| 米布罗中国研究部主任尼克·莫纳科说，这些说法指向一个“资源丰富、技能高超、反复出现的行为者”。他还说，该网络所发布帖子的时间和信息与中国政府去年发布的公开信息完全吻合。 |
| Miburo said it was difficult to determine whether the influence campaign was organized by the ruling Communist Party or if some accounts were by nationalist citizens. But “knowing who pressed the enter key is less important” than the implication of a well-known actor spreading Chinese propaganda “at a high volume on international social media networks,” Mr. Monaco said in a blog post about the campaign. |
| 米布罗表示，很难确定这场造势运动是不是由执政的共产党组织，或者一些帐号背后是否是坚定的民族主义者。但是，莫纳科在关于这场运动的博客文章中称，“知道是谁按下了回车键并不那么重要”，有一个广为人知的行为者“在国际社交媒体网络上大量传播”中国的宣传，这一点才是最重要的。 |
| China is known to use social media to broadcast its political messages with the aim of shaping global opinion. In June, The New York Times and ProPublica revealed the existence of thousands of videos orchestrated by the Chinese government in which citizens denied abuses in Xinjiang. This week, The Times reported on a set of documents that showed how Chinese officials tap private businesses to generate propaganda on demand. |
| 众所周知，中国利用社交媒体传播政治信息，影响全球舆论。今年6月，《纽约时报》和ProPublica披露了数千个由中国政府精心制作的视频，在这些视频中，公民否认在新疆发生了虐待行为。本周，时报报道了一系列文件，显示中国官员如何利用民营企业按其需求进行宣传。 |
| Miburo said the network, nicknamed “Spamouflage” by researchers, was first discovered by the research group Graphika in a 2019 report. Though some posts have since been removed, Miburo tracked around 2,000 more accounts that Facebook, YouTube and Twitter failed to remove, from January 2021 to this month. |
| 米布罗表示，这个被研究人员昵称为“Spamouflage”的网络是由研究团体格拉菲卡(Graphika)在2019年的一份报告中首次发现的。尽管有些帖子后来被删除，但是从2021年1月到本月，米布罗又跟踪了大约2000个Facebook、YouTube和Twitter未能删除的帐号。 |
| Miburo found nearly 8,000 YouTube videos in the network in the past year that collected over 3.6 million views, and links to the videos were posted on both Facebook and Twitter. The researchers also found 1,632 accounts in the network on Facebook, including some accounts that used fake profile photos generated with the help of artificial intelligence and Bangladeshi Facebook pages that later changed their names and started to post about China. |
| 过去一年，米布罗发现了近8000个该网络的YouTube视频，点击量超过360万次，这些视频的链接发布在Facebook和Twitter上。研究人员还在Facebook上发现了该网络的1632个帐号，其中一些使用人工智能帮助生成虚假个人头像照，以及孟加拉国的Facebook页面，这些页面后来更改了名称，并且开始发布有关中国的信息。 |
| In early December, 287 YouTube channels spreading the Chinese propaganda were still up, Mr. Monaco said. All were removed after the researchers sent their data set to YouTube. |
| 莫纳科说，12月初，YouTube上仍有287个传播中国宣传的频道。在研究人员将其数据集发送到YouTube后，所有这些频道都被删除。 |
| Farshad Shadloo, a YouTube spokesman, said the channels were terminated in the last month as part of YouTube’s continuing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to China. He said that most of the channels had uploaded “spammy content” that had generated most of the views and that “a very small subset uploaded content in Chinese and English about China’s Covid-19 vaccine efforts and social issues in the U.S.” |
| YouTube发言人法沙德·沙德鲁表示，这些频道在上个月被关闭，这是YouTube继续调查与中国有关的协调影响行动的一部分。他说，大多数频道都上传了“垃圾内容”，并产生了大部分的浏览量，“只有一小部分频道上传了有关中国新冠疫苗工作和美国社会问题的中英文内容”。 |
| Twitter said it had permanently suspended a number of accounts based on Miburo’s report under its platform manipulation and spam policy. Margarita Franklin, a Facebook spokeswoman, said the company would continue to work with researchers to detect and block the attempts of networks “to come back, like some of the accounts mentioned in this report.” |
| Twitter表示，根据米布罗的报告，它已依据公司的操纵平台和垃圾邮件规定，永久冻结了一些帐号。Facebook发言人玛格丽塔·富兰克林表示，公司将继续与研究人员合作，检测并阻止这样的网络“卷土重来，就像这份报告中提到的一些帐号那样”。 |
| Facebook said that while some of the accounts flagged by Miburo resembled the behavior of Spamouflage, it could not yet confirm their connection to the network without more research. The network got little engagement on the platform, and a handful of accounts spotted by Miburo were false positives, the company said. |
| Facebook表示，虽然一些被米布罗标记的帐号与Spamouflage的行为类似，但在没有更多研究的情况下，还不能确认它们与该网络的联系。Facebook表示，该网络在Facebook上的参与度很少，而且米布罗发现的一些帐号是误报。 |
| In January, according to Miburo’s report, a Facebook user linked to a YouTube video that spread propaganda about coronavirus vaccines. “Many countries [prefer to] buy Chinese vaccines first, U.S. vaccines have side effects,” the post said. |
| 根据米布罗的报告，今年1月，一名Facebook用户链接到一段YouTube视频，传播关于新冠病毒疫苗的宣传。“许多国家（更愿意）先买中国的疫苗，美国的疫苗有副作用，”帖子说。 |
| By August and September, several Facebook accounts began pushing the false conspiracy that Covid-19 was developed in Fort Detrick, an American military base in Maryland, and alleged that the U.S. military was behind the coronavirus. |
| 到了8月和9月，多个Facebook帐号开始宣传“新冠病毒是马里兰州的美军基地德特里克堡开发的”这一虚假阴谋，并声称美国军方是新冠病毒的幕后黑手。 |
| But Mr. Monaco argued that the most troubling new aspect of this version of the Spamouflage campaign was “the malice of spreading propaganda that denies human rights atrocities on a mass scale” by posting about Xinjiang. |
| 但莫纳科认为，这一版本的Spamouflage运动最令人不安的新内容发布是有关新疆的帖子，“从而恶意传播否认大规模人权暴行的宣传”。 |
| On June 27, two different Facebook pages in the network posted identical messages within 10 minutes of each other, falsely denying forced labor and genocide in Xinjiang and characterizing it as “the lie of the century,” an unattributed quote of Zhao Lijian, a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman. |
| 6月27日，该网络中两个不同的Facebook页面在10分钟内发布了完全相同的消息，错误地否认新疆的强制劳动和种族灭绝，将其称为“世纪谎言”，虽然未提到名字，但这是中国外交部发言人赵立坚的原话。 |
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