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| TOKYO — Kenichiro Fumita was crying so hard that he could barely get the words out. | 东京——文田健一郎(Kenichiro Fumita)哭得太伤心，几乎说不出话来。 |
| “I wanted to return my gratitude to the concerned people and volunteers who are running the Olympics during this difficult time,” Mr. Fumita, a Greco-Roman wrestler, said between sobs after finishing his final bout at the Games this week. | “我想向在这段困难时期里管理奥运会的有关人员和志愿者表达感激之情，”古典式摔跤运动员文田在本周结束最后一场比赛后哽咽着说。 |
| “I ended up with this shameful result,” he said, bobbing his head abjectly. “I’m truly sorry.” | “最后得到这样丢人的结果，”他低下头说。“我真的很抱歉。” |
| Mr. Fumita, 25, had just won a silver medal. | 25岁的文田刚刚获得了一枚银牌。 |
| In what has become a familiar — and, at times, wrenching — sight during the Tokyo Olympics, many Japanese athletes have wept through post-competition interviews, apologizing for any result short of gold. Even some who had won a medal, like Mr. Fumita, lamented that they had let down their team, their supporters, even their country. | 在东京奥运会上，许多日本运动员在赛后接受采访时潸然泪下，为没有获得金牌而道歉，这已成为人们熟悉的、有时甚至令人难过的景象。就连一些赢得奖牌的人，比如文田，也哀叹他们让自己的团队、支持者甚至国家失望了。 |
| After Japan’s judo team earned silver, losing to France, Shoichiro Mukai, 25, also apologized. “I wanted to withstand a little bit more,” he said. “And I’m so sorry to everyone on the team.” | 在日本柔道队输给法国获得银牌后，25岁的向翔一郎(Shoichiro Mukai)也表示道歉。“我本想多承受一点，”他说。“我对团队里的每个人都感到抱歉。” |
| Apologizing for being second best in the world would seem to reflect an absurdly unforgiving metric of success. But for these athletes competing in their home country, the emotionally charged displays of repentance — which often follow pointed questions from the Japanese news media — can represent an intricate mix of regret, gratitude, obligation and humility. | 为成为世界第二道歉似乎反映了一种荒谬且不宽容的成功标准。但对于这些在自己的祖国参赛的运动员来说，充满感情的忏悔表现——通常是在日本新闻媒体尖锐的提问之后——可能代表着遗憾、感激、义务和谦逊的复杂组合。 |
| “If you don’t apologize for only getting silver, you might be criticized,” said Takuya Yamazaki, a sports lawyer who represents players’ unions in Japan. | “如果你不为只拿到银牌而道歉，你可能会受到批评，”代表日本运动员工会的体育律师山崎卓也(Takuya Yamazaki)说。 |
| From an early age, Japanese athletes “are not really supposed to think like they are playing sports for themselves,” Mr. Yamazaki said. “Especially in childhood, there are expectations from adults, teachers, parents or other senior people. So it’s kind of a deeply rooted mind-set.” | 从很小的时候起，日本运动员“就不会真的认为他们是在为自己而参加体育运动”，山崎说。“尤其是在童年时期，有来自大人、老师、父母或其他长辈的期望。所以这是一种根深蒂固的心态。” |
| The expectations placed on the athletes have been compounded by the coronavirus pandemic, which made the Olympics deeply unpopular with the Japanese public before the events began. Many may feel more pressure than usual to deliver medals to justify holding the Games, as anxiety swells over rising coronavirus cases in Japan. Athletes who have failed to do so have offered outpourings of regret. | 对运动员的期望因新冠疫情而变得更加复杂，在赛事开始前，疫情令奥运会在日本公众中极不受欢迎。随着日本新冠病例增多引发的焦虑情绪加剧，许多运动员可能会感受到比以往更大的压力，要拿奖牌来证明举办奥运会的合理性。未能做到这一点的运动员纷纷表示遗憾。 |
| “I feel fed up with myself,” said Kai Harada, a sport climber, vigorously wiping his eyes during an interview after failing to make the finals. Takeru Kitazono, a gymnast who finished sixth on the horizontal bar, fought back tears as he spoke of his supporters. “I wanted to return my gratitude with my performance,” he said. “But I couldn’t.” | “我受够了自己，”运动攀登选手原田海(Kai Harada)在未能进入决赛后接受采访时使劲地擦着眼睛说。体操运动员北园丈琉(Takeru Kitazono)在单杠比赛中获得第六名，在谈到他的支持者时，他强忍着眼泪。“我想用我的表现来表达我的感激，”他说。“但我没能做到。” |
| Naomi Osaka, in a statement after she was eliminated in the third round of women’s singles tennis, said she was proud to represent Japan but added, “I’m sorry that I couldn’t respond to people’s expectations.” | 大坂直美(Naomi Osaka)在女子网球单打第三轮被淘汰后发表声明说，她很自豪能代表日本参赛，但还说，“我很抱歉没能满足人们的期望。” |
| In some respects, these athletes have offered an extreme form of the apologies that are everyday social lubricants in Japanese culture. | 在某些方面，这些运动员提供了一种极端形式的道歉，这种道歉是日本文化中的日常社会润滑剂。 |
| When entering someone’s home, a visitor literally says sorry. Workers going on vacation apologize for burdening colleagues, while conductors express deep regret if a train is a minute late — or even a few seconds early. Generally, these apologies are a matter of convention rather than a declaration of responsibility. | 当访客进入别人家时，他们会在口头上说声对不起。休假的员工会为给同事增加负担而道歉，而如果火车晚点一分钟，甚至提前几秒钟，列车长则会表示深深的遗憾。一般来说，这些道歉是一种惯例，而不是责任的声明。 |
| At times, the mea culpas ring hollow. Corporate chieftains and politicians frequently bow deeply to the news cameras to apologize for this corporate scandal or that political misdeed. For the most part, few consequences follow. | 有时候，这种道歉听起来很空洞。企业领袖和政治人士经常对着新闻镜头深深鞠躬，为这桩企业丑闻或那桩政治不端行为道歉。在大多数情况下，几乎没有什么后果。 |
| The former president of the Tokyo Olympic organizing committee, Yoshiro Mori, initially tried to use such an apology to avoid resigning after making sexist remarks. But a vociferous social media campaign helped depose him. | 前东京奥组委主席森喜朗(Yoshiro Mori)在发表性别歧视言论后，最初试图用这样的道歉来避免辞职。但一场激烈的社交媒体运动令他下台。 |
| People who study Japanese culture say the athletes’ apologies, even in the face of victory, stem from an instinct that is cultivated from childhood. | 研究日本文化的人说，即使获得胜利，运动员的道歉也源于一种从小培养起来的本能。 |
| “Americans are very good at finding reasons why you are great even if you fail,” said Shinobu Kitayama, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan. But in Japan, he said, “even if you succeed, you have to apologize.” | “即使失败了，美国人也很善于找到自己优秀的理由，”密歇根大学的社会心理学家北山忍(Shinobu Kitayama)说。但在日本，他说，“即使成功了，你也必须道歉。” |
| The apologies are also likely to be recognized as tacit expressions of gratitude, said Joy Hendry, an anthropologist and the author of “Understanding Japanese Society.” “I expect they feel that they need to apologize for not having achieved the very best they could” for those who trained or financially supported them, Ms. Hendry said. | 人类学家、《理解日本社会》(Understanding japan Society)的作者乔伊·亨德利(Joy Hendry)说，这些道歉也可能被视为一种默示的感激之情。亨德利说，“我认为他们觉得有必要为自己没有做到最好而道歉”， 向那些培训他们或在经济上支持他们的人道歉。 |
| Mr. Fumita, the wrestler, may have also felt pressure to please his father, a well-known wrestling coach. In an interview on NHK, the public broadcaster, Mr. Fumita said he was afraid to answer a call after his silver medal win. “I could not pick up the phone,” he said. “I just didn’t know what I could say to my father.” | 摔跤运动员文田可能也感到了取悦父亲的压力。他的父亲是一位著名的摔跤教练。在接受日本公共广播公司NHK的采访时，文田说，获得银牌后，他不敢接电话。“我无法拿起电话，”他说。“我不知道该对父亲说些什么。” |
| The athletes also know that aside from the medal count, the Japanese public cannot enjoy the perks of being an Olympic host, because spectators are barred from the venues. | 运动员们还知道，除了奖牌数，日本公众无法享受作为奥运会东道主的好处，因为观众被禁止进入场馆。 |
| The absence of fans was palpable on Tuesday night at a near-empty stadium in Saitama, a Tokyo suburb, during the semifinal men’s soccer match between Japan and Spain. Close to 64,000 seats were vacant as loudspeakers blasted recorded cheers and applause onto the field. | 周二晚上，在东京郊区埼玉市一个几乎空无一人的体育场，日本对西班牙的男子足球半决赛期间，球迷的缺席显而易见。近6.4万个座位空空如也，扩音器将录下来的欢呼声和掌声传到赛场上。 |
| After Japan lost in the final minutes of extra time, Yuki Soma, 24, a midfielder, paid tribute to those who could not be there. “By winning a medal at any cost, I would like to give energy to Japan and make them smile,” he said at a postgame news conference, his eyes downcast. The bronze is still in Japan’s reach as it faces Mexico on Friday. | 日本队在加时赛的最后几分钟输掉比赛后，24岁的中场队员相马勇纪(Yuki Soma)向未能到场的人们表达了敬意。在赛后的新闻发布会上，他低垂着眼睛说：“我要不惜一切代价赢得奖牌，给日本带来能量，让他们微笑。”周五，日本队将与墨西哥队争夺铜牌。 |
| Of course, it’s not just Japanese Olympians who express bitter disappointment after missing out on gold. Liao Qiuyun of China wept openly after winning silver in women’s weight lifting last week. After the U.S. women’s soccer team fell to Canada on Monday night in a semifinal, one member of the team, Carli Lloyd, crouched on the field, clasping her head in her hands. | 当然，并非只有日本奥运选手在错过金牌后表示痛苦失望。中国选手廖秋云在上周赢得女子举重银牌后当众落泪。周一晚上，美国女足在半决赛中败给加拿大后，女足队员卡莉·劳埃德(Carli Lloyd)蹲在球场上，双手抱着头。 |
| But in a post-match interview, she made no apology. “I was just gutted,” Ms. Lloyd said, adding, “we give up so much, and you want to win.” | 但在赛后的采访中，她没有道歉。“我很沮丧，”劳埃德说，她还说，“我们放弃了那么多，想赢下比赛。” |
| When Simone Biles withdrew from both the gymnastics team competition and the individual all-around competition, she explained that she wanted to protect her own mental and physical health. | 当西蒙·拜尔斯(Simone Biles)退出团体赛和个人全能比赛时，她解释说，她想保护自己的身心健康。 |
| The urge to apologize may stem in part from the harsh coaching style found in some sports in Japan, said Katrin Jumiko Leitner, an associate professor in sports management and wellness at Rikkyo University in Saitama. When she first came to Japan to train in judo, she said, she was shocked by coaches' aggressive language. “I thought, if that’s the way to become an Olympic champion, I don’t want to be an Olympic champion,” she said. “They did not treat athletes like human beings.” | 埼玉市的立教大学(Rikkyo University)体育管理与健康副教授卡特琳·友海子·莱特纳(Katrin Jumiko Leitner)说，道歉的冲动可能在一定程度上源于日本某些体育项目中教练严苛的风格。她说，当她第一次来日本训练柔道时，教练的攻击性语言让她感到震惊。“我想，如果这是成为奥运冠军的途径，我不想成为奥运冠军，”她说。“他们不把运动员当人看。” |
| Some Japanese athletes have been subjected to public criticism for failing to show sufficient humility. Yuko Arimori, a marathon runner who won silver in Barcelona in 1992 and bronze in Atlanta in 1996, was accused of narcissism by some in the Japanese news media after declaring in Atlanta that she was proud of herself. | 一些日本运动员因为没有表现出足够的谦逊而受到了公众的批评。有森裕子(Yuko Arimori)是一名马拉松运动员，曾在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上获得银牌，1996年亚特兰大奥运会上获得铜牌。她在亚特兰大宣布为自己感到骄傲后，一些日本新闻媒体指责她自恋。 |
| Ms. Arimori understands why athletes continue to offer apologies, given that they can convey a sense of gratitude. | 有森理解运动员们为什么会不断道歉，因为这样可以表达一种感激之情。 |
| But “I think supporters know the athletes have worked hard enough,” Ms. Arimori added. “So there is no need to apologize.” | 但“我想，支持者们知道，运动员们已经付出了足够的努力”，有森说道。“所以没有必要道歉。” |
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