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| BEIJING — China has prospered during much of the coronavirus pandemic as the world’s factory, making everything from face masks to exercise equipment for housebound consumers. Demand for its products doesn’t appear to be slowing even as Western economies reopen. |
| 北京——中国在新冠病毒大流行的大部分时间里保持了经济繁荣，作为世界工厂，中国为居家的消费者生产了从口罩到健身器材等各种产品。即使在西方各国重启经济活动的时候，世界对中国产品的需求似乎也并未放缓。 |
| China’s General Administration of Customs announced on Tuesday that the country’s exports surged 32.2 percent in June compared with the same month last year. The increase caught many economists by surprise, as one of China’s biggest ports was partially closed for most of June and China’s exports of medical supplies have begun to level off. |
| 中国海关总署周二宣布，中国6月的出口与去年同期相比激增了32.2%。这种增长让许多经济学家感到意外，因为中国最大的港口之一在6月大部分时间处于部分停顿状态，而且中国医疗物资的出口已开始趋于平稳。 |
| China’s export performance in June “is quite impressive and not so easy to understand,” said Louis Kuijs, the head of Asia economics in the Hong Kong office of Oxford Economics. |
| 中国6月的出口表现“相当令人赞叹，而且让人不太容易理解”，牛津经济研究院(Oxford Economics)香港办事处的亚洲区经济主管高路易(Louis Kuijs)说。 |
| Mr. Kuijs said that a little more than a third of the increase in value of Chinese exports might reflect rising prices. Chinese factories are passing on their own higher costs to foreign consumers. |
| 高路易说，中国出口增加值略高于三分之一的部分可能是价格上涨的反映。中国工厂正在将自身成本的上升转嫁给外国消费者。 |
| Chinese manufacturers face escalating costs these days because prices have increased worldwide over the past year for commodities like iron ore and copper and for industrial materials like steel. |
| 由于过去一年里全球铁矿石和铜等大宗商品，以及钢铁等工业材料的价格都在上涨，中国制造商如今面临着不断上升的成本。 |
| China’s currency, the renminbi, has also strengthened against the dollar. So Chinese producers need to charge more dollars to pay the same wages and other costs denominated in renminbi. |
| 中国的货币人民币对美元的汇率也已上升。因此，中国生产商为支付同样的工资和其他以人民币计价的成本，需要提高以美元计价的商品价格。 |
| By raising prices for foreign buyers, Chinese factories can preserve their profit margins — at the risk of contributing to inflation elsewhere. |
| 通过向外国买家提价，中国工厂能保持自身的利润率，但这有可能加剧其它地区的通货膨胀。 |
| Port and shipping delays are driving the price tags for Chinese goods even higher in foreign markets. The cost of shipping a 40-foot cargo container across the Pacific has ballooned from the usual $4,000 to $5,000 to a record $18,000 or more. |
| 港口装卸和运输的延误让中国商品在海外市场的价格进一步上涨。40尺柜集装箱跨越太平洋的运输成本已从通常的4000美元至5000美元，飙升至创纪录的1.8万美元，或甚至更高。 |
| Part of the problem lies in China’s drastic actions to prevent new coronavirus variants from spreading. These measures have included forcing port workers into lengthy lockdowns at the first sign of outbreaks. |
| 问题的部分原因在于中国为防止新冠病毒变异株的传播采取了严厉措施。这些措施包括，一看到疫情暴发的迹象，就迫使港口工人进行长时间的隔离。 |
| China’s policies have been effective in keeping virus cases to a minimum, but at some economic cost. |
| 中国的政策有效地将病毒感染病例控制在最低水平，但也带来了一定的经济代价。 |
| One of the world’s largest ports, Yantian Port in the southeastern Chinese city of Shenzhen, partially shut down for more than a month from late May through much of June. Shenzhen acted in response to fewer than two dozen coronavirus cases. |
| 世界上最大的港口之一、位于中国东南部城市深圳的盐田港，从5月下旬到差不多整个6月的一个多月时间里处于部分停顿状态，原因是深圳为应对20几例新冠病毒感染采取的措施。 |
| When the port fully reopened on June 24, shipping executives and freight forwarders hoped that trade would start returning to normal. |
| 盐田港于6月24日恢复全面运转后，航运高管和货运代理们曾希望贸易开始恢复正常。 |
| It has not worked out that way. |
| 但实际情况并非如此。 |
| Dozens of huge container ships fell far behind schedule when they had to wait weeks to dock in Shenzhen. That meant ships later showed up in bunches at ports in other countries, causing further congestion. Chinese export factories also sent goods by truck to alternative ports, like Shanghai’s, leaving them overcrowded as well. |
| 几十艘大型集装箱船不得不等待数周才能在深圳靠岸，因此大大推迟了行程安排。这意味着船只以后会成群结队地出现在其他国家的港口，造成进一步的拥堵。中国的出口工厂也用卡车将货物运到其他地方、比如上海的港口，导致这些港口也出现了拥堵状况。 |
| Zhao Chongjiu, China’s deputy minister of transport, defended his country’s tough coronavirus measures. “Everyone knows that during an epidemic, workers in ports must be placed under lockdown, and various countries have taken corresponding measures, so the efficiency of loading and unloading would be reduced,” he said when Yantian reopened. |
| 中国交通部副部长赵冲久为中国针对新冠病毒采取的严厉措施进行了辩护。“大家知道，疫情期间港口的作业工人要封闭管理，各个国家都采取相应的措施，所以装卸效率会降低，”他在盐田港恢复运行时说。 |
| By mid-June, the freight yard was so crammed with containers at Shanghai’s vast, highly automated Yangshan Deep Water Port that the stacking cranes barely had room to lift containers on and off ships. Dong Haitao, a senior administrator at the adjacent free trade zone, blamed foreign ports for failing to handle arriving containers on time. |
| 到6月中旬时，上海规模庞大的、高度自动化的洋山深水港货场上堆满了集装箱，起重机将集装箱从船上卸下时几乎找不到堆放的空间。附近自贸区的高级管理人员董海涛指责外国港口未能及时处理运到的集装箱。 |
| “Their schedule of shipments has been disrupted, but not ours,” he said. |
| “他们的发货时间表被打乱了，我们没有，”他说。 |
| Shipping rates for containers have continued to rise steeply in the weeks since Yantian Port reopened. The increase is widely expected to keep going as stores in the United States in particular race to restock shelves for returning shoppers and also start preparing for the Christmas shopping season. |
| 自从盐田港重新全面运转以来，集装箱的运费仍在继续大幅上涨。尤其是美国的商店正在为又能出门购物的消费者补充货物，并开始为圣诞节购物季做准备，人们普遍预计，集装箱运费的增长还将继续下去。 |
| “Each week these rates go up another few hundred dollars,” said Simon Heaney, the senior manager for container shipping research at Drewry Maritime Research in London. “Nobody seems to have any answers, and the only thing we can hope for is Chinese New Year — and that’s obviously a long way off.” |
| “集装箱运费每周会再涨几百美元，”伦敦德鲁里海事研究中心(Drewry Maritime Research)集装箱运输研究的高级经理西蒙·希尼(Simon Heaney)说。“似乎没有人有任何解决方案，我们唯一能希望的就是中国新年，这显然还要等很长的时间。” |
| Factories in China typically close for several weeks during the Lunar New Year celebration, which could give the world’s ships time to catch up. But next year’s holiday does not start until the end of January. |
| 中国的工厂通常会在农历新年期间停工数周，这可能会让世界各地的船有时间赶上进度。但是明年的春节要到1月底才开始。 |
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