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| WASHINGTON — An expansive bill that would pour $120 billon into jump-starting scientific innovation by strengthening research into cutting-edge technologies is barreling through the Senate, amid a rising sense of urgency in Congress to bolster the United States’ ability to compete with China. |
| 华盛顿——国会加强美中竞争能力的紧迫感不断增强之际，参议院正在审议一项庞大的法案，向启动科学创新投入1200亿美元，加强尖端科技的研究。 |
| At the heart of the sprawling legislation, known as the Endless Frontier Act, is an investment in the nation’s research and development into emerging sciences and manufacturing on a scale that its proponents say has not been seen since the Cold War. The Senate voted 86 to 11 on Monday to advance the bill past a procedural hurdle, with Democrats and Republicans united in support, and a vote to approve, along with a tranche of related China bills, is expected this month. |
| 这项大法案被称为《无尽前沿法案》(Endless Frontier Act)，其核心是对美国新兴科学和制造业研发的投资，支持者表示，这样的投资规模是自冷战以来前所未见的。参议院周一86票对11票的投票结果使该法案摆脱了程序性障碍，它得到了民主党和共和党人的一致支持。预计本月国会将投票批准该法案以及一批相关的中国法案。 |
| The nearly 600-page bill has moved swiftly through the Senate, powered by intensifying concerns in both parties about Beijing’s chokehold on critical supply chains. The coronavirus pandemic has exposed the risks of China’s dominance, as health care workers have confronted medical supply shortages and a global semiconductor shortage has shut American automobile factories and slowed shipments of consumer electronics. |
| 这份近600页的法案在参议院迅速向前推进，因为两党都越来越担心北京在关键供应链上的掌控。医护人员面临医疗供应短缺，全球半导体短缺使美国汽车工厂关闭，消费电子产品出货放缓，新冠病毒大流行暴露了中国占据主导地位的风险。 |
| The bill, led by Senators Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York and the majority leader, and Todd Young, Republican of Indiana, is the spine of a package of legislation Mr. Schumer requested in February from the chairmen of key committees, aimed at recalibrating the nation’s relationship with China and shoring up American jobs. Taken together, the array of bipartisan bills would amount to the most significant step Congress has seriously considered in years to enhance the nation’s competitiveness with Beijing. |
| 该法案由纽约民主党参议员、多数党领袖查克·舒默(Chuck Schumer)以及印第安纳州共和党参议员托德·扬(Todd Young)领导，是舒默2月要求关键委员会主席提出的一揽子立法计划的主要内容，目的是重新调整美中关系，以及增加美国的就业机会。总体而言，一系列两党合作法案将构成国会多年来为增强与北京的竞争力而认真考虑的最重要步骤。 |
| “If we’re going to win the next century, the United States needs to be the one discovering the next groundbreaking technologies,” Mr. Schumer said. “We have the opportunity now to set our country on a path to outinnovate, outproduce and outcompete the world in emerging industries of the 21st century, with profound consequences for our economic and national security. If we don’t lead in science and innovation, we will fall way behind.” |
| “如果我们要赢得下个世纪，美国必须成为发现下一代突破性技术的国家，”舒默说。“我们现在有机会让我们的国家在21世纪新兴产业领域走上在创新、生产和竞争上超越世界其他国家的道路，这对我们的经济和国家安全有着深远影响。如果不能在科学和创新上领先，我们将会落后。” |
| Passing the legislation has become a personal priority for Mr. Schumer, who early on found himself in a lonely position as one of the earliest and most vocal China hawks in the Democratic Party. Now in power, he is hoping to steer billions of dollars toward a long-held priority while securing a overwhelmingly bipartisan victory, despite the steep price tag. |
| 通过这项立法已经成为舒默的当务之急。作为民主党中最早、最直言不讳的对华鹰派人士之一，舒默很早就发现自己处于孤独的境地。现在掌权的他希望将数十亿美元的资金用于长期坚持的优先事项，同时确保两党的压倒性胜利，即使代价不菲。 |
| “I’ve cared about this issue for decades, and there have been lots of different bills introduced by many different people,” Mr. Schumer said in an interview. “But when you are majority leader, you have the ability to put such a bill on the floor.” |
| “几十年来，我一直在关注这个问题，许多人提出了许多不同的法案，”舒默在接受采访时说。“但是当你成为多数党领袖时，你有能力将这样的法案提上议事日程。” |
| But despite the bipartisan support for the endeavor, the road for the legislation has not been without challenges, and on Tuesday, Senator Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky and the minority leader, warned that the measure was “not ready for prime time,” suggesting it would benefit from a “robust” round of changes during Senate debate. |
| 不过，尽管两党都支持这项努力，但立法之路并非没有挑战。周二，肯塔基州共和党参议员、少数党领袖米奇·麦康奈尔(Mitch McConnell)警告，该议案“尚未成熟”，并表示它将受益于参议院辩论期间的一轮严格修改。 |
| As one of the few pieces of legislation regarded as likely to become law this year, the Endless Frontier Act has become a magnet for lawmakers’ unrelated parochial items, and the target of an intensive effort by lobbyists to insert provisions favorable to individual industries. |
| 作为今年可能成为法律的少数立法之一，《无尽前沿法案》已经吸引立法者提出与此不相关的狭隘议题，并成为游说者，加倍努力在其中加入有利于各个行业的条款的目标。 |
| It won approval by a crucial Senate committee last week, but not before lawmakers added more than 500 pages, including legislation authorizing a fresh round of funding for NASA, a prohibition on the sale of shark fins, and a mandate for labeling the country of origin for king crab. |
| 上周，它获得了参议院一个关键委员会的批准，但是在此之前，立法者们对其增加了500多页内容，包括立法授权对NASA进行新一轮资助、禁售鱼翅，以及要求对帝王蟹标出原产国的授权。 |
| “This is not a bill that’s supposed to, in the main, be about shark fins — although that’s important,” a visibly irritated Mr. Young said, listing some of the other unrelated provisions that had been tacked on. “It’s not supposed to, in the main, be about space, or private space companies. In the main, it is supposed to be about outcompeting, outinnovating, outgrowing Communist China.” |
| 明显为此感到恼怒的托德·扬说：“这并不是一个主要跟鱼翅有关的法案——虽然鱼翅也很重要。”他列举了一些其他不相关的条款。“大体上，它也不应该跟太空或私人太空公司有关。它应该主要是关于在竞争、创新和增长上超过共产党统治的中国。” |
| Lawmakers were able, however, to beat back a number of divisive and extraneous measures that would have sunk the bill entirely. |
| 然而，议员们能够击退一些造成分歧、不相干的议案，这些议案可能会使该法案彻底失败。 |
| The legislation would provide $120 billion to support and expand research into new technologies, including semiconductors, artificial intelligence, and robotics. |
| 该法案将提供1200亿美元，用于支持和扩大新技术的研究，包括半导体、人工智能和机器人技术。 |
| It would include $10 billion for the creation of 10 technology hubs to connect manufacturing hubs and research universities across the United States in an effort to scatter investments, rather than building onto already established tech behemoths on the two coasts. |
| 其中100亿美元用于创建10个技术中心，将美国各地的制造业中心和研究型大学连接起来，以便分散投资，而不是在东西岸已经建立起来的科技巨头基础上建设。 |
| The goal is to position the United States to be on the forefront of emerging technologies while strengthening the nation’s manufacturing capacity and building a pipeline of researchers and apprentices to carry it out, an aim that has united universities, industry groups and national laboratories — all of which stand to benefit — around the legislation. |
| 其目标是令美国站在新兴技术的前沿，同时加强国家的制造能力，并建立一个由研究人员和学徒组成的管道来实施这个目标，这一目标将大学、行业团体和国家实验室团结在该立法周围，所有这些机构都将从中受益。 |
| “This would really put the spotlight on that next stage of innovation,” said Debbie Altenburg, an associate vice president at the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities. “There is a significant investment in scholarships and fellowships and traineeships, so that we are also making sure that we’re investing in domestic work force.” |
| “这会把焦点真正放在创新的下一阶段，”公立与增地大学协会(Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities)副会长黛比·阿尔滕伯格(Debbie Altenburg)说。“在奖学金、研究基金和实习岗位方面有大量投资，因此我们也在确保投资用于国内劳动力。” |
| Yet the issue of how to mete out the research money has been hotly debated. Mr. Young’s complaints last week came as he unsuccessfully tried to block a bipartisan push to steer about half of the funding — all of which was initially intended for new initiatives at the National Science Foundation — to labs across the country run by the Energy Department. |
| 然而，资金如何分配的问题已经引起了激烈争议。杨上周的抱怨是由于他试图阻止两党推动将大约一半的资金转移到由能源部管理的全国各地实验室，但没有成功——所有这些资金最初都打算用于国家科学基金会的新项目。 |
| A bipartisan group of senators who have one or more department-run labs in their states, including Senators Joe Manchin III of West Virginia, a critical Democratic vote, and Ben Ray Luján, Democrat of New Mexico, had clamored for the change. |
| 一个两党参议员小组强烈要求改革（他们各自的州都有由一个或多个国家部门运营的实验室），其中包括西弗吉尼亚州参议员乔·曼钦三世(Joe Manchin III)和新墨西哥州民主党参议员本·雷·卢汉(Ben Ray Luján)。 |
| Mr. Young had argued that the bill should devote money only toward applied research that would yield a tangible product to help the United States compete with China. But many lawmakers in both parties — including on the House science committee, which also must approve the legislation — have instead worked to divert it to labs in their states and districts that conduct basic research. |
| 杨认为，该法案应该只将资金用于能够产生实际产品、帮助美国与中国竞争的应用研究上。但是，许多两党议员——包括众议院科学委员会（它也必须批准该立法）——努力将资金转用于他们所在州和地区的实验室，进行基础研究。 |
| Other senators also seized on the opportunity to insert pet provisions into the bill. |
| 其他参议员也抓住机会在法案中加入其他条款。 |
| Senator Maria Cantwell of Washington State, the chairwoman of the commerce committee, added an entire authorizing bill for NASA, as well as provisions that would help Boeing, based in her state. A group of Republicans led by Senator Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee inserted a measure requiring the government to study whether the Chinese government was using sister city partnerships as a vehicle for espionage. |
| 华盛顿州参议员、商务委员会主席玛丽亚·坎特维尔(Maria Cantwell)为NASA增加了一份完整的授权法案，以及帮助总部设在她所在的华盛顿州的波音公司的条款。田纳西州参议员玛莎·布莱克本(Marsha Blackburn)领导的一群共和党人加入了一项议案，要求政府研究中国政府是否利用姐妹城市伙伴关系作为间谍活动的工具。 |
| Senators also approved a provision by Senator Gary Peters, Democrat of Michigan, to pump $2 billion into the semiconductor industry, in an attempt to blunt the shortages that have shuttered auto plants in Detroit and elsewhere. |
| 参议员们还批准了密歇根州民主党参议员加里·彼得斯(Gary Peters)的一项议案，向半导体行业注入20亿美元，以缓解导致底特律和其他地方汽车厂关闭的短缺问题。 |
| Mr. Schumer announced on Tuesday evening that lawmakers would also consider additional funding for legislation that was passed last year to bolster the semiconductor industry. Negotiations had become ensnared in a partisan labor dispute over whether to require manufacturers to pay their employees the prevailing wage. |
| 舒默周二晚间宣布，议员们还将考虑为去年通过的、旨在提振半导体行业的立法提供额外资金。谈判已陷入了一场党派劳资争议，焦点在于是否要求制造商向员工支付现行工资。 |
| The industry is lobbying intensively for the money. |
| 该行业正在为资金进行激烈的游说。 |
| “Doing so would turbocharge U.S. chip production and innovation and help keep America at its competitive best for years to come,” said John Neuffer, the president of the Semiconductor Industry Association. |
| “这样做将推动美国芯片的生产和创新，并帮助美国在未来几年保持最具竞争力的状态，”半导体工业协会会长约翰·纽弗(John Neuffer)表示。 |
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