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| All through last year, as first Europe and then the United States suffered catastrophically high coronavirus infections and deaths, Pacific Rim countries staved off disaster through an array of methods. South Korea tested widely. Australia and New Zealand locked down. In Japan, people donned masks and heeded calls to isolate. | 过去一年间，欧洲和美国先后遭受了灾难性的新冠病毒高感染率和死亡时，环太平洋地区国家通过一系列方法避免了悲剧。韩国开展广泛测试。澳大利亚和新西兰进行了封锁。在日本，人们戴上口罩并听从隔离的呼声。 |
| Now, the roles have been reversed. These countries that largely subdued the virus are among the slowest in the developed world to vaccinate their residents, while countries like Britain and the United States that suffered grievous outbreaks are leapfrogging ahead with inoculations. | 现在，角色已经反转。这些在很大程度上控制住疫情的国家，成了发达国家中为居民接种疫苗最慢的国家；遭受严重疫情暴发的英美等国，则在接种疫苗方面取得了飞跃式进展。 |
| The United States has fully vaccinated close to a quarter of the population, and Britain has given first shots to nearly half of its residents. By contrast, Australia and South Korea have vaccinated less than 3 percent of their populations, and in Japan and New Zealand, not even 1 percent of the population has received a shot. | 美国已经为近四分之一的人口进行了完整的疫苗接种，而英国已经向近一半的居民提供了第一针疫苗。相比之下，澳大利亚和韩国的疫苗接种率不到其人口的3％，而在日本和新西兰，开始接种的居民甚至不到人口的1%。 |
| To some extent, the laggards are taking advantage of the luxury of time that their comparatively low infection and death counts afford. And they all rely on vaccines developed — and, for now, manufactured — elsewhere. | 在某种程度上，这些在接种方面落后的国家正在充分利用因相对较低的感染率和死亡人数带来的宝贵喘息之机。并且他们都依赖于在其他地方研发的、现已投入生产的疫苗。 |
| Now the delays risk unwinding their relative public health successes and postponing economic recoveries, as highly contagious variants of the virus emerge and bottlenecks slow shipments of vaccines around the world. | 现在，由于出现具有高度传染性的病毒变种，并且全球的疫苗输送因一些瓶颈而减慢，这种推迟有可能会破坏他们在公共卫生上取得的成就，并推迟经济复苏。 |
| “The very success in controlling disease reduces the motivation and effort expended in setting up rapid-fire immunization clinics,” said Robert Booy, an infectious diseases and vaccine expert at the University of Sydney in Australia. “When people are dying left, right and center, the need is obvious.” | “在控制疾病方面取得的成功，反而降低了建立可以迅速接种的免疫诊所所需的动力和精力，”澳大利亚悉尼大学(University of Sydney)传染病和疫苗专家罗伯特·布伊(Robert Booy)说。“当到处都有人死亡时，需求就显而易见了。” |
| “We need to recognize the complacency that’s building,” Dr. Booy added. “We’re just one super-spreading event away from trouble.” | “我们需要认识到正在筑起的自满情绪，”布伊还说。“只要一场超级传播我们就会陷入大麻烦。” |
| Nowhere is that a greater risk than in Japan, which is contending with a rise in cases and deaths as the start of the postponed Tokyo Olympics is less than 100 days away. | 没有哪个国家比日本冒的风险更大。日本正在应对上升的病例和死亡人数，而距离被推迟的东京奥运会开幕已不到100天。 |
| Olympic organizers have said they can manage the Games safely by turning to the kinds of voluntary measures that the Japanese authorities have relied on to manage the pandemic. | 奥运会组织者表示，他们可以借助日本当局用以控制大流行的自愿措施来安全地管理奥运会。 |
| But those efforts are showing strain, as Japan’s virus caseload reaches its highest levels since January, with more than 4,500 new infections reported on Friday. Vaccinations are just getting started, and the general public will not be close to fully inoculated by the opening ceremony in July. | 但是，这些举措也显示出局限，因为日本的病毒感染量达到了自1月以来的最高水平，上周五报道了超过4500例新增病例。疫苗接种才刚刚开始，到7月的开幕式前，公众距离完全接种还很远。 |
| The slow rollout in the Asia-Pacific region is starting to frustrate some residents who have grown weary of more than a year of restrictions on travel, restaurant outings and family gatherings. They are eager to exit the purgatory of these measures and get back to normal life, but relief may still be months away. | 亚太地区接种疫苗的缓慢开展开始使一些居民感到沮丧，他们已经厌倦了一年多来对旅行、外出就餐和家庭聚会的限制。他们渴望退出这种炼狱般的生活以回归正常，但仍可能需要几个月的时间才能得到缓解。 |
| Erika Inoue, 24, who works at a research group in Tokyo that consults on projects for local governments and businesses, said she was envious of friends in the United States who had received their shots. | 现年24岁的井上惠梨香（Erika Inoue，音）在东京的一个研究机构工作，为地方政府和企业的项目提供咨询。她说，她很羡慕在美国已接种疫苗的朋友。 |
| “Among my friends’ group, I’m the only one who hasn’t gotten vaccinated,” said Ms. Inoue, who is hoping to attend a friend’s wedding in Tunisia. “I cannot wait.” | “在我的朋友圈里，我是唯一一个还没接种疫苗的人，”希望参加朋友在突尼斯的婚礼的井上说。“我没法再等。” |
| Japan, South Korea and Australia have all fallen far behind the vaccination timelines they laid out months ago. | 日本、韩国和澳大利亚都远远落后于它们几个月前制定的疫苗接种时间表。 |
| Some wards in Tokyo began administering shots to those over 65 just this past week. In South Korea, where the authorities initially said they would be able to vaccinate about one million people a day, they have averaged closer to 27,000 in the first three months vaccinating. This month, Australian health officials dropped a goal of vaccinating the country’s entire population by the end of the year. | 上周，东京的一些区才开始对65岁以上的人群注射疫苗。在韩国，当局最初表示他们将每天能够为约一百万人接种疫苗，但在开始接种的前三个月里，他们平均每天接种疫苗的人数只有2.7万。本月，澳大利亚卫生官员放弃了在年底前为全国所有人口接种疫苗的目标。 |
| In Australia and Japan, the authorities have blamed supply problems from Europe for the slow rollout. Australia has said the European Union failed to deliver 3.1 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine. A spokesman for the European Commission said that only 250,000 doses had been withheld from Australia by Italy in March, but officials in Australia say the reality is that the rest of the doses, blocked or not, simply have not arrived. | 在澳大利亚和日本，当局将接种的缓慢开展归咎于欧洲的供应问题。澳大利亚已经表示，欧盟未能交付310万剂阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)疫苗。欧盟委员会发言人说，意大利在3月扣留了运往澳大利亚的25万剂，但澳大利亚官员说，实际上无论是否被扣留，余下的剂量也根本没有送达。 |
| Australia has faced further complications as it has advised against giving the AstraZeneca vaccine to people under 50 after reports of very rare blood clots. | 由于阿斯利康疫苗接种出现了非常罕见的血栓的报告，澳大利亚建议不要向50岁以下的人接种该疫苗，令该国面临的局面愈发困难。 |
| In Japan, Taro Kono, the cabinet minister overseeing the vaccination program, has complained that the European Union grants approval on a shipment-by-shipment basis rather than approving multiple shipments at once. “We could get our vaccines stopped by the E.U.,” he said, citing the withheld doses to Australia. | 在日本，负责疫苗接种计划的内阁大臣河野太郎(Taro Kono)抱怨说，欧盟是逐批批准，而不是一次批准多批。他举出澳大利亚的批次被扣留的例子说：“我们的疫苗可能会被欧盟拦截。” |
| The European Union has authorized shipments of more than 39 million doses to Japan, Patricia Flor, the union’s ambassador to Japan, said in an interview. “I would totally and absolutely reject any statement which would say that the way the vaccination campaign in Japan is going is related in any way to delays or problems in deliveries from the E.U.,” she said. | 欧盟驻日本大使帕特里夏·弗洛尔(Patricia Flor)在接受采访时表示，欧盟已批准向日本运送超过3900万剂。她说：“我完全且绝对反对任何声称日本的疫苗接种进程与欧盟的交货延误或出现问题有关的言论。” |
| Supply issues or not, other factors have also led to delays. Japan requires domestic clinical trials of new vaccines, and in both Japan and South Korea, officials have proceeded carefully to persuade people who say they are reluctant to get vaccinated right away. | 不管是否有供应问题，其他因素也导致了延误。日本要求对新疫苗进行国内临床试验。在日本和韩国，对于表示不愿意马上接种疫苗的人，官员们会对他们进行小心翼翼的劝导。 |
| Kim Minho, 27, a researcher at the Institute of Engineering Research in Seoul, said the government had depended too heavily on measures like social distancing to curb infection rates. “Korea was late to the vaccine party,” he said. | 27岁的金敏镐（Kim Minho，音）是首尔工程研究所的研究员，他说，政府过于依赖诸如社交隔离之类的措施来遏制感染率。他说：“韩国对疫苗接种的参与来得太晚了。” |
| A similar dynamic is true in Japan. Experts said the country might simply have failed to negotiate contracts requiring early deliveries of vaccines doses. In a statement, Pfizer said it would deliver on its commitment of 144 million doses to Japan by the end of 2021. Japan has yet to give regulatory approval to the Moderna or AstraZeneca vaccines, although it has contracted with both companies to buy millions of doses. | 日本也有相似的情况。专家说，该国可能只是未能谈成要求及早交付疫苗剂量的合同。辉瑞(Pfizer)在一份声明中表示，它将在2021年底之前兑现向日本承诺的1.44亿剂疫苗。尽管日本已与生产莫德纳(Moderna)和阿斯利康的公司签订了购买数百万剂疫苗的合同，但该国尚未获得这两种疫苗的监管批准。 |
| Health ministry officials “are professionals about public health,” said Dr. Hiroyuki Moriuchi, a professor of global health at Nagasaki University. “But when it comes to business or contract writing, they are not professionals or experts in this area.” | 厚生省官员是“公共卫生的专业人士”，长崎大学(Nagasaki University)全球卫生教授森内浩幸(Hiroyuki Moriuchi)博士说。“但是在商业或合约起草上，他们就谈不上专业或该领域的专家了。” |
| “If Japan had a firm consciousness that this is a sense of crisis,” he added, “they would not have relied only on health ministry officials” to negotiate such contracts. | “如果日本能坚定地意识到这是一种危机，”他接着说，“他们就不会只依靠厚生省官员”去洽谈这类合同。 |
| Mr. Kono, the cabinet minister overseeing the vaccine campaign, projects that the country will distribute enough doses for the country’s 36 million older people by the end of June. In a news briefing, he gave no projections for when the rest of the population might be inoculated. | 负责疫苗计划的内阁大臣河野太郎预计，到6月底，日本应该可以完成本国3600万老年人的接种。在新闻发布会上，他没有就其他国民的接种时间给出预计。 |
| Although overseas spectators have been barred from the Olympics, the Games’ organizers have said they will not require athletes, Olympic officials or foreign journalists to be vaccinated in order to enter Japan. On Friday, Seiko Hashimoto, the president of the Tokyo organizing committee, said that unlike other nations, Japan did not plan to prioritize its athletes for vaccination. | 尽管已经决定奥运会不接受海外观众，但赛事主办方还没有明确进入日本的运动员、奥运官员或外国记者是否需要接种疫苗。周五，东京奥运组委会会长桥本圣子(Seiko Hashimoto)说，和其它国家不同的是，日本没有给运动员优先接种的计划。 |
| In public polls, more than 70 percent of Japanese respondents say the Olympics should be postponed or canceled because of the pandemic. Media surveys have found that close to three-quarters of the public is unhappy with the vaccination delays. | 在公众民意调查中，超过70%的日本受访者认为，由于疫情的原因，奥运会应该推迟或取消。媒体调查发现，接近三分之一的民众对疫苗接种的推迟感到不满。 |
| Citing the “sluggish vaccine rollout,” along with a failure to contain domestic transmission of the coronavirus in Japan, the authors of a report published this past week in the British Medical Journal urged the Tokyo organizers to reconsider plans to host the Games “as a matter of urgency.” | 鉴于日本“疫苗接种开展缓慢”，加之没能控制新冠病毒的本地传播，《英国医学杂志》(British Medical Journal)上周发表的一份报告呼吁东京主办方“抓紧时间”重新考虑主办奥运的计划。 |
| In Japan, where only doctors and nurses are authorized to administer vaccines, less than a quarter of health care workers have been vaccinated, though jabs began in February. Even a doctor giving shots to older citizens last week in Hachioji, a city in western Tokyo, had not himself been vaccinated. | 在只有医生和护士有权施打疫苗的日本，接受了接种的医务人员不到四分之一，尽管接种工作从2月就开始了。上周在东京以西的八王子市，一名为老年市民注射疫苗的医生自己都尚未接种。 |
| Dr. Eiji Kusumi, the director of the Navitas Clinic, a private network of medical clinics in Tokyo, said his workers had not been inoculated. “This is the same as World War II,” he said, “when the public was told, without bullets or food, to fight with bamboo spears.” | 东京私立医院网络铁医会(Navitas Clinic)理事长久住英二(Eiji Kusumi)医生说，他的职员还没有接种。“和第二次世界大战一样，”他说，“没有子弹或食物，民众被要求用竹子做的长矛去战斗。” |
| In South Korea, and elsewhere, residents worry that the country’s early success in managing the virus is being slowly eroded by the dearth of vaccines. | 在韩国以及其他地方，居民们担心初期的疫情防控成果会被疫苗接种的迟缓一点点侵蚀。 |
| “I get frustrated when I see other countries like the U.S. starting to bounce back to normal,” said Suh Gaeun, 23, a research analyst in Seoul. “Koreans have been very obedient in abiding by the government’s pandemic regulations. And yet we’re struggling to secure enough vaccines for everyone. We’re going downhill.” | “看到美国这样的国家正在恢复正常，我感到很沮丧，”23岁的首尔研究分析师徐佳恩（Suh Gaeun，音）说。“韩国人很顺从地执行政府的防疫管制规定。但我们还是没有给所有人弄到足够的疫苗。我们要走下坡路了。” |
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