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| Leave your partner and children behind. Quarantine for up to a month. Get inoculated with a Covid-19 vaccine from China, if you can find one. And prepare yourself for an anal swab. |
| 离开你的伴侣和孩子。最长隔离时间达一个月。接种中国生产的新冠疫苗——只要你能找得到。然后准备进行肛拭子检查。 |
| For the past year, people trying to go to China have run into some of the world’s most formidable barriers to entry. To stop the coronavirus, China bans tourists and short-term business travelers outright, and it sets tough standards for all other foreigners, even those who have lived there for years. |
| 在过去一年里，想去中国的人遇到了一些世界上最难应付的准入障碍。为了遏制新冠病毒，中国彻底禁止游客和短期商务旅客入境，并对所有其他外国人制定了严苛的标准，甚至在中国生活多年的外国人也不能例外。 |
| The restrictions have hampered the operations of many companies, separated families and upended the lives of thousands of international students. Global companies say their ranks of foreign workers in the country have dwindled sharply. |
| 这些限制阻碍了许多公司的运作，致使家庭离散，还颠覆了成千上万留学生的生活。跨国企业表示，它们在中国的外籍员工人数已经大幅减少。 |
| At a time of strained tensions with the United States and other countries, China is keeping itself safe from the pandemic. At the same time, it risks further isolating its economy, the world’s second-largest, at a moment when its major trade partners are emerging from their own self-imposed slumps. |
| 在与美国和其他国家关系紧张之际，中国正在保护自身免受疫情影响。同时，在主要贸易伙伴逐步摆脱自身因素导致的低迷之时，中国也有可能使其全球规模第二大的经济陷入孤立风险。 |
| “When it comes to measures that draconian, you are going to disenfranchise people who are big China fans and are not allowed to return to the country they have made their home,” said Alexander Style, the British owner of a Shanghai-based company that makes electric vehicle parts for export, who has been forced to relocate with his family to New Jersey. |
| “采取如此严厉的措施，等于是剥夺了那些热爱中国的人的权利，不允许他们回到已经被他们当作家的国家，”上海一家生产出口电动汽车部件的企业的英国老板亚历山大·斯泰尔(Alexander Style)说道。他被迫和家人搬到了新泽西州。 |
| Other countries have their own travel restrictions, though few are as tight. The United States, for example, bans foreigners traveling directly from China unless they are green card holders or certain immediate family members of American citizens. It also bans foreigners leaving from Europe, as well as Brazil and other countries. |
| 其他国家也有自己的旅行限制，但很少严格到这种地步。例如，美国禁止外国人直接从中国入境，绿卡持有者或美国公民的某些直系亲属除外。美国也禁止来自欧洲、巴西和其他国家的外国人入境。 |
| Australia lets in just a few hundred of its citizens and permanent residents each day, while Japan has barred the entry of foreign workers and students since late December. |
| 澳大利亚每天只允许数百名本国公民和永久居民入境，日本从去年12月底开始也禁止外国劳工和学生入境。 |
| In China, officials regard travel limits as crucial to their success in containing the virus. Since the outbreak started, China has reported more than 101,000 Covid cases. Although questions have been raised about the accuracy of the numbers, they are far lower than in the United States, where 29.8 million people have tested positive for the virus. China’s strategy reflects its strengths as well as its weaknesses. |
| 在中国，官员们将旅行限制视为成功遏制病毒的关键之举。自疫情暴发以来，中国报告了超过10.1万例新冠感染病例。尽管这些数字的准确性遭受质疑，但它们仍远低于美国，在美国，有2980万人新冠检测呈阳性。中国的策略说明了其优势所在，也反映了它的弱点。 |
| China was the only major economy to grow last year. It knows businesses will find a way to keep their Chinese operations running, with or without expatriates, and it is betting that they will come back when the pandemic eases. At the same time, China’s restrictions highlight the inadequacies of its vaccine rollout, which has been slow compared to those of the United States, Britain and other countries. |
| 中国是去年唯一实现增长的主要经济体。它很清楚，不管有没有外籍人员，企业都会找到办法维持在华业务；而且它也相信，疫情缓解后，这些人还会回来。另一方面，中国实施的限制凸显了疫苗推广的不足，与英美和其他国家相比，其疫苗接种速度比较缓慢。 |
| Foreign executives think China is likely to be one of the last countries in the world to fully reopen, perhaps as late as next year, after the Beijing Winter Olympics in February. China’s restrictions will mean significant delays in building large factories or winning sales orders, according to business groups. |
| 外籍高管认为，中国很可能会是世界上最后几个重新全面开放的国家之一，可能要晚至明年2月的北京冬奥会之后。商业团体表示，中国的限制措施将导致大型工厂的建设或赢得销售订单出现重大延迟。 |
| In recent days, Chinese embassies in at least 50 countries have said that foreigners wanting to enter China could avoid some visa paperwork by taking a Chinese-made Covid-19 vaccine. The government has presented the rule as an easing of its visa application procedures. But it does not help travelers from countries like the United States where Chinese vaccines are not available. |
| 近段时间，中国驻至少50国的大使馆表示，想要进入中国的外国人可以接种中国生产的新冠疫苗来规避一些签证手续。政府表示，这一规定简化了签证申请流程。但这对来自美国等国家的旅客没有用处，因为这些国家无法获得中国疫苗。 |
| “It’s kind of a Catch-22,” said Jeff Jolly, who has been stuck in the United States since July after leaving Shanghai, where he runs a language training center and academic consultancy. |
| “这有点像是第22条军规，”自去年7月离开上海后就滞留在美国的杰夫·乔利(Jeff Jolly)说，他在上海经营着一家语言培训中心和学术咨询公司。 |
| In a statement, China’s foreign ministry said: “We believe this is a meaningful exploration of facilitating international travel once mass vaccination has been achieved.” |
| 中国外交部在一次发言中表示：“中方相信这是对疫苗大规模接种后，便利跨境人员往来所做的有益探索和尝试。” |
| As deadlier and more infectious virus variants appeared in other countries in recent months, China introduced onerous new requirements. |
| 近几个月来，随着其他国家出现更致命、更具传染性的病毒变种，中国出台了繁琐的新规。 |
| At the end of last year, it essentially stopped allowing anyone to bring a spouse or child into the country. Since January, travelers arriving in Beijing from countries with severe outbreaks have had to endure weekly anal swab tests while in quarantine, with fecal material tested for traces of the virus. The measure prompted indignant complaints from the United States and Japan. |
| 去年年底，它基本上不再允许任何人携带配偶或子女进入该国。自1月以来，从疫情严重的国家到达北京的旅行者必须在隔离期间每周进行一次肛拭子检测，并对粪便进行病毒痕迹检测。这项举措引发了美国和日本的强烈抗议。 |
| Last month, the government announced that foreign and Chinese travelers coming from more than two dozen countries would have to do two weeks of employer-supervised quarantine overseas before they were even allowed to fly to China. Then, after landing, they were expected to spend two more weeks at a government-managed quarantine facility. |
| 政府上个月宣布，来自20多个国家的中外旅客必须在雇主的监督下进行为期两周的海外隔离，然后才可以飞往中国。然后，在降落后，他们将在政府管理的隔离设施里待两个星期。 |
| The number of foreign business managers in China has slumped. A survey of 191 businesses in southern China by the American Chamber of Commerce found that 70 percent had fewer than five expatriate employees in China at the end of last year, compared to 33 percent a year earlier. The proportion of companies with no expatriates had surged to 28 percent, from 9 percent a year earlier. |
| 在中国的外国企业管理人员数量锐减。美国商会对华南地区191家企业的调查发现，截至去年年底，70％的企业在华外籍员工不到五人，而前一年同期比例为33％。没有外籍员工的公司所占比例已从一年前的9％激增至28％。 |
| Mr. Style, the owner of the electric vehicle parts company, said that the Chinese visa process now favored big companies that contribute a great deal of tax revenue, not start-ups like his business. He said he had settled down in the United States — his wife is American — and did not plan to return to China any time soon. |
| 电动汽车零件公司的老板斯泰尔说，中国的签证程序现在偏向那些贡献大量税收的大公司，而不是像他的公司这样的初创企业。他说，他已经在美国定居（他的妻子是美国人），并且不打算在短时间内返回中国。 |
| The foreign ministry said China’s re-entry policy “treats all foreign personnel equally, and there is no so-called differential treatment.” |
| 中国外交部表示，该国的再入境政策“对外国公民一视同仁，无差别执行防疫措施”。 |
| China’s restrictions have been compounded by decisions on visas and entry requirements that can seem arbitrary to those trying to return. |
| 有关签证和入境要求的决定使中国的入境限制变得更加复杂，对于试图回到中国的人来说，这看上去非常随机。 |
| Glyn Wise, who had been teaching English literature at an international school in Shanghai, was able to get a work visa from the Chinese Embassy in London in October. But the agency that helped prepare his application told him later that Chinese border officials would not acknowledge the visa. |
| 曾在上海的一所国际学校教授英国文学的格林·怀斯(Glyn Wise)于10月份从中国驻伦敦大使馆获得了工作签证。但是帮助他准备申请的机构后来告诉他，中国边境官员不会承认这个签证。 |
| “A lot of the times they would change the rules about who they were accepting,” Mr. Wise said. He said he was looking for job opportunities outside China. |
| 怀斯说：“很多时候，他们会改变让什么样的人入境的规定。”他说，他正在寻找中国以外的工作机会。 |
| But many others are still hopeful, and some have organized campaigns on social media to draw attention to their plight. |
| 但是，还有许多人仍然抱有希望，有些人在社交媒体上组织了运动，以引起人们对他们困境的关注。 |
| Nearly 13,000 international students being kept out of China signed an online petition urging Beijing to allow them to return, while others launched a Twitter campaign called #TakeUsBackToChina. |
| 将近1.3万名未能进入中国的国外留学生在网上发布请愿书，敦促北京允许他们返回。还有人在Twitter上发起了一个名为#TakeUsBackToChina（让我们回中国）的运动。 |
| Amanuel Tafese, an Ethiopian student enrolled at a university in the southwestern Chinese city of Chengdu, said he had tried taking his lessons online since being shut out of the country early last year. But he had to rent space to do so, because there is no electricity or internet access at his family’s home, 280 miles from the capital, Addis Ababa. |
| 埃塞俄比亚学生阿曼纽尔·塔菲斯(Amanuel Tafese)在中国西南城市成都的一所大学就读，他说，自从去年年初被拒绝入境以来，他就一直尝试在网上上课。但他必须为此租房，因为他距离首都亚的斯亚贝巴280英里的家中没有电也没有互联网。 |
| Mr. Tafese says he cannot find a job, because he has no degree, and is relying on his father’s small income to support himself. |
| 塔菲斯说，他因为没有学位所以找不到工作，依赖父亲的微薄收入来养活自己。 |
| “All this made me depressed,” Mr. Tafese wrote in an email. |
| 塔菲斯在一封电子邮件中写道：“所有这些使我感到沮丧。” |
| China’s tough restrictions, including its recent ban on dependents, have also exacted an emotional toll on some families who have been forced to live apart for months, in some cases more than a year. |
| 中国的严格限制，包括最近对受养人的禁令，也对一些被迫分离几个月——有的甚至超过一年——的家庭带来了巨大的情感创伤。 |
| In February of last year, Jessie Astbury Allen took her two young daughters to England to wait out the outbreak as it swept across China, hoping they would reunite with her husband in Shanghai by Easter. |
| 去年2月，杰西·阿斯特伯里·艾伦(Jessie Astbury Allen)带着两个年幼的女儿来到英国，等待席卷中国的疫情退去，希望她们能在复活节前与在上海的丈夫团聚。 |
| It was a plan she would come to regret. |
| 这是一个令她后悔的计划。 |
| “I knew in my gut we were doing the wrong thing, but it was too late,” she said, weeping, as she described how she felt upon landing at London’s Heathrow Airport. |
| 她描述降落在伦敦希思罗机场时的心情时，哭着说：“我的直觉告诉我，我们做了错误的选择，但是已经太迟了。” |
| Like many parents coping with a lockdown, Ms. Astbury Allen has had to juggle the demands of her daughters’ online classes with her job as the China director of a marketing and strategy company that helps foreign brands sell in China. |
| 就像许多应对封锁的父母一样，阿斯特伯里·艾伦不得不兼顾工作和女儿网课的需求。她在一家帮助外国品牌在华销售的市场营销和战略公司担任中国地区总监。 |
| In late September, the government announced that people with expired residence permits could return to China after applying for a visa. Ms. Astbury Allen rushed to apply for one in October. But by the time she reached a visa center, the rules had already changed. |
| 9月下旬，政府宣布居留许可过期的人可以在申请签证后返回中国。阿斯特伯里·艾伦在10月赶紧申请了一个。但是当她到达签证中心时，规则已经变了。 |
| China announced on Nov. 4 that it would temporarily suspend the entry of foreigners from Britain, even if they had visas or valid residence permits. It described the move as a “temporary response” as cases of Covid-19 surged in Britain. |
| 中国于11月4日宣布，将暂时中止来自英国的外国人入境，即使他们持有签证或有效的居留许可。当时英国新冠病例激增，中国称此举是“临时举措”。 |
| The situation has left Ms. Astbury Allen feeling overwhelmed. She worries most about the trauma this separation is inflicting on her daughters. |
| 这种情况使阿斯特伯里·艾伦感到难以承受。她最担心这种分离给女儿造成的创伤。 |
| Her 12-year-old, Livia, became depressed and hid under her blanket, refusing to come out of her room for three days. When Mae, her usually cheerful 7-year-old, saw her mother crying last month, she became very upset and emotional, Ms. Astbury Allen said. |
| 她12岁的女儿莉维亚产生了抑郁情绪，藏在毯子下，三天拒绝离开房间。阿斯特伯里·艾伦说，当活泼开朗的七岁女儿梅上个月看到妈妈哭泣时，变得非常沮丧和伤感。 |
| “I said, ‘Do you miss your dad, honey?” said Ms. Astbury Allen. “And she said, ‘Yes,’ and I said: ‘It’s OK. We miss him, too.’” |
| “我问，‘亲爱的，你想念你的爸爸吗？’”阿斯特伯里·艾伦说。“她说，‘是的’，然后我说，‘没关系。我们也想念他。’” |
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