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'It's not always an advantage to be pretty,' says Marko Pitesa, an assistant professor at the University of Maryland. 'It can backfire if you are perceived as a threat.' | “美貌并不总是优势,如果老板认为你对他是一种威胁的话,可能会起到适得其反的作用,”马里兰大学的助理教授马克奥·皮特萨说。 |
Interestingly, in Pitesa's study, it was male attractiveness in particular, rather than female beauty, that made the most difference. | 有意思的是,皮特萨的研究认为,英俊帅气的男性美会造成最大的反作用,而不是女性美。 |
If the interviewer expected to work with the candidate as part of a team, then he preferred good-looking men. | 如果面试官期望和候选者在一个团队工作的话,那么他比较青睐俊男帅哥们。 |
However, if the interviewer saw the candidate as a potential competitor, the interviewer discriminated in favour of unattractive men. | 不过,如果面试官把候选者看作潜在的竞争对手的话,面试官偏袒长相不出众的男性。 |
In the first experiment, 241 adults were asked to evaluate fictional job candidates based on fake qualifications and experience, in an online setting. | 在第一个实验中,241名成年人被要求在网上根据虚假的资历和经验来评估虚构的求职者。 |
Men evaluated men and women evaluated women. Interviewers were primed to either think of the candidate as a future co-operator or competitor, and they were given a computer-generated headshot that was either attractive or unattractive. | 男性评男性,女性评女性。面试官们提前接到指令,要么把候选者看作是未来的合作人,要么把候选者看作是竞争对手,他们用电脑生成头像,把头像分为英俊帅气和没有吸引力两类。 |
'Kind of attractive and average, maybe slightly below average,' Pitesa clarifies - no supermodels. | 把长相分为长相帅气、长相一般、长相丑这三类,这些人的长相中没有超模长相的人。 |
A second experiment involved 92 people in a lab. They were asked to evaluate future competitors or partners in a quiz game, based on credentials that included sample quiz answers, and they saw similar headshots. | 第二组实验在实验室进行,实验对象92人。在问答游戏中,让他们根据个人简历、测验答案、个人头像,来评估未来的竞争对手和合作伙伴。 |
The patterns of discrimination based on perceived self-interest was the same. | 基于自我利益的偏向模式是相同的。 |
Another test opened up to include men interviewing women and women interviewing men. | 另外一项测试包括男性面试女性,女性面试男性。 |
There was still a preference to cooperate with the attractive man and compete against the unattractive man. | 人们仍然倾向于与有魅力的男人合作,与没有魅力的男人竞争。 |
A final experiment used photographs of actual European business school students, vetted for attractiveness, and found the same pattern. | 最后一个实验使用了真实的欧洲商学院学生的照片,经过吸引力测试,发现了相同的模式。 |
The results suggest that interviewers were not blinded by beauty, and instead calculated which candidate would further their own career. | 结果表明,面试官并没有被美貌迷惑双眼,而是衡量哪位候选人会对自己的职业生涯有帮助。 |
'The dominant theoretical perspective in the social sciences for several decades has been that biases and discrimination are caused by irrational prejudice,' Pitesa says. | 皮特萨说:“几十年来,社会科学的主流理论观点一直认为,偏见和歧视是由非理性偏见造成的。” |
'The way we explain it here, pretty men just seem more competent, so it is actually subjectively rational to discriminate for or against them.' | “我们在这里要解释的是,帅气英俊的男人看起来能力更强,这样的看法实际上是区别对待帅哥们的主观理性的体现。” |
On a deeper level, she adds, the behaviour remains irrational, since there's no evidence that a real link exists between looks and competence. | 她还说道,在更深层面的意义上,这种主观行为是属于非理性的,因为没有证据证明外表和能力之间真的有联系。 |
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