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| China’s fight against the coronavirus was mostly over, but Zhang Xiaochun, a doctor in Wuhan, was sinking into depression, convinced she had failed as a daughter and mother. She agonized over her decision to keep working even after her father fell critically ill. She worried about her young daughter, whom she had frequently left alone at home. |
| 中国抗击新冠病毒的斗争基本结束，但武汉的医生张笑春却陷入抑郁，她相信自己作为女儿和母亲都是失败的。她为自己在父亲病危后仍然坚守工作岗位的决定感到痛苦。她担心年幼的女儿，因为她经常把她一个人留在家里。 |
| But rather than hide those feelings, as would have been common just a few years ago in a country where mental illness has long been stigmatized, Dr. Zhang consulted therapists. When friends and colleagues checked in on her, she openly acknowledged that she was struggling. |
| 不过，张笑春并没有将这些情绪压在心底——就在几年前，在这个心理疾患长期遭到污名化的国家，秘而不宣还曾是常见的做法——她去见了心理医生。当朋友和同事关心她的时候，她会公开承认自己在心理上遇到了困难。 |
| “If we can face such a huge disaster as this outbreak, then how could we not dare to talk about something so small as some mental health problems?” said Dr. Zhang, an imaging specialist. |
| “我们都能够面对这么大的一个疫情，那我们连小小的心理问题都不敢面对吗？”医学影像专家张笑春说。 |
| The coronavirus pandemic, which started in China, has forced the country to confront the issue of mental health, a topic long ignored because of scarce resources and widespread social stigmas. In the Mao era, mental illness was declared a bourgeois delusion and the country’s psychiatric system was dismantled. Even today, discrimination persists, and many people with mental illnesses are shunned, hidden at home or confined in institutions. |
| 始于中国的新冠病毒大流行迫使中国民众直面心理健康问题，由于资源匮乏和普遍的社会污名化，心理健康在这里是一个长期不受重视的话题。在毛泽东时代，心理疾病被宣布为资产阶级的妄想症，中国的精神病学体系遭到摧毁。即使是在今天，歧视仍然存在，许多患有精神疾患的人遭到回避，被藏在家里，或者被关入精神病院。 |
| But after the coronavirus outbreak, that kind of neglect has become increasingly untenable. The uncertainty of the pandemic’s early days has combined with the grief and terror of the subsequent weeks to leave a trauma both personal and collective. |
| 随着新冠病毒的暴发，这种不受重视的状态越来越需要改变。大流行初期的不确定性，加上随后数周的悲痛和恐惧，给个体和集体都留下了心理创伤。 |
| At the height of China’s outbreak, more than a third of people around the country experienced symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia or acute stress, according to a nationwide survey by a Shanghai university. An expert in Beijing recently warned that the effects could linger for 10 to 20 years. |
| 上海一所大学做了一项全国性调查，结果显示，在中国疫情最严重的时候，全国有超过三分之一的人出现了抑郁、焦虑、失眠和急性应激等症状。北京的一名专家最近警告，这种影响可能会持续10到20年。 |
| Because of the Chinese government’s top-down leadership, officials have mobilized quickly to provide help. Local governments have set up hotlines. Psychological associations have rolled out apps and held online seminars. Schools are screening students for insomnia and depression, and universities are establishing new counseling centers. |
| 由于中国政府自上而下的领导，官员们迅速动员起来提供帮助。地方政府设立了热线电话。各心理协会推出了应用程序，并举行网上研讨会。学校对学生进行失眠和抑郁症状的筛查，大学正在建立新的咨询中心。 |
| But the country also faces serious challenges. There is a dearth of therapists for the country’s 1.4 billion people, with fewer than nine mental health professionals for every 100,000 residents as of 2017, according to the World Health Organization. |
| 但中国面临的挑战也不小。根据世界卫生组织的数据，有着14亿人口的中国，心理治疗师严重不足，截至2017年，每10万人仅享有9名心理健康专业人员。 |
| China’s centralized political system, for all its strengths in mobilizing resources, may also create problems of its own. The government has curbed public mourning and suppressed calls for accountability over early missteps, pushing a simplified narrative of China’s triumph over the virus. |
| 中国的中央集权政治体制，尽管在调动资源方面有很大优势，但也会带来问题。政府遏制公众的哀悼，压制对早期的失误追责的呼吁，推动中国战胜病毒的简化叙事。 |
| Still, the hope is that the pandemic could propel a long-term shift in the conversation around mental health in China, with advocates pointing in part to high-level government orders to improve treatment. |
| 不过，人们还是希望这场大流行能推动中国围绕心理健康的对话出现长期转变，倡导者指出，在某种程度上，这也是政府高层下令改善治疗的结果。 |
| “Because of the pandemic, they are braver in coming to ask for help,” Du Mingjun, a psychologist in Wuhan, said of the influx of people she had seen seeking treatment this year. “More and more people are accepting this. That is new.” |
| “因为这次疫情，他们会更勇敢地来求助，”武汉的心理咨询师杜洺君在谈到今年有很多人寻求治疗时说。“越来越多的人去接纳。这是我看到比较新奇的一个地方。” |
| Ms. Du was one of the first witnesses to the crisis’s mental health toll. On Jan. 23, the day Wuhan locked down, she and her colleagues at the provincial psychologists’ association helped launch a government-backed 24-hour hotline, placing ads in newspapers and posting on WeChat to reach a city suddenly convulsed by fear. |
| 杜洺君是这场危机导致心理健康伤害的最早见证者之一。1月23日，即武汉封锁的那一天，她和省心理咨询师协会的同事帮助启动了受政府支持的24小时热线电话，在报纸上刊登广告，并在微信上发布信息，向这个突然被恐惧震颤的城市伸出援手。 |
| Immediately, they were inundated. A woman called because her parents were in separate hospitals, and trying to run between the two had left her on the verge of collapse. A man was taking his temperature every 30 minutes, terrified of falling ill. A 12-year-old boy dialed on behalf of his mother, explaining that he was worried about her. At the peak, the hotline managed between 200 and 300 calls each day, Ms. Du said. |
| 他们马上被电话淹没了。一个女人打来电话，因为她的双亲在不同的医院，不得不两头跑让她快要崩溃。一个男人每隔半小时就测一次体温，害怕生病。一个12岁的男孩为母亲打来电话，说自己很担心她。杜洺君说，在高峰期，该热线每天处理200至300个来电。 |
| As the situation improved, the calls tapered off. By late October, there were around 10 a day. Some callers were still seeking help for trauma related to the outbreak, brought back by news reports, or old photos glimpsed on cellphones. But others have come looking for help with more mundane issues, such as academic pressure or arguments with family. |
| 随着情况的改善，来电逐渐减少。到10月下旬，每天约有10个。一些来电者仍然在就疫情相关的创伤寻求帮助，这些创伤是由新闻报道或在手机上瞥见的旧照片引发的。但是其他人更多的是寻求日常问题方面的帮助，例如学业压力或与家人争执。 |
| “I think this change is here now, and there’s no way to stop it,” Ms. Du said. “We all lived through this together, and it was continuously unfolding around us. So the collective consciousness of our community is very deep.” |
| “我觉得这个影响就在了，没有办法再把它叫停的，”杜洺君说。“而这次的事件，我们都身在其中，它不断得地发生和发展。所以人和人之间，我们共同体的、集体的意识是很深的。” |
| Around the country, schools have expanded mental health counseling and encouraged students to take time to unwind, as the Ministry of Education has warned of “post-epidemic syndrome.” Officials have said that after months of stressful lockdowns, students might be more likely to have conflicts with parents and teachers. |
| 随着教育部发出关于“疫后综合症”的警告，全国各地的学校都扩大了心理健康咨询，并鼓励学生花些时间放松身心。官员们表示，经过数月的紧张封锁后，学生可能更容易与父母和老师发生冲突。 |
| Even before the pandemic, the trends in students’ mental health were worrying. A Shanghai official said in May that suicides among K-12 students were on the rise, with stress arising from academic pressure and domestic disputes. |
| 甚至在疫情之前，学生心理健康的趋势就令人担忧。一位上海官员在5月表示，由于学习压力和家庭不合引起的压力，青少年自杀呈上升趋势。 |
| While the rollout of services has been spotty, educators and students say the campaign has helped break stereotypes about mental health. In the northern province of Hebei, officials have produced cartoons to help students understand trauma. In the southern city of Guangzhou, students are writing letters about anxiety and practicing breathing exercises. |
| 尽管心理服务的展开多有波折，但教育工作者和学生们表示，这项宣传有助于打破关于心理健康的刻板印象。在河北省北部，官员们制作了漫画来帮助学生理解心理创伤。在南方城市广州，学生会写有关焦虑的信件，并进行呼吸练习。 |
| Xiao Zelin, a junior at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, said he suffered anxiety and insomnia when he returned to campus this fall. After months of being cooped up at home, he struggled adjusting to crowds of people. His appetite was poor and he couldn’t seem to relax. |
| 广州中山大学大三学生肖泽林（音）说，今年秋天他回到校园时，饱受焦虑和失眠之苦。困在家里几个月后，他很难适应人群。他的胃口很差，似乎无法放松。 |
| Mr. Xiao had never visited a therapist before, but he spoke with a counselor provided by his university. The counselor, he said, helped him understand what he was going through and to be patient with himself. Mr. Xiao suggested his classmates sign up as well. |
| 肖泽林以前从未去看过心理治疗师，但他与大学提供的咨询师进行了谈话。他说，咨询师帮助他了解自己的现状，让他对自己更有耐心。肖泽林建议他的同学们也报名预约。 |
| “In the beginning I was lost,” he said. “Now I’m feeling much better.” |
| “一开始我觉得很迷茫，”他说。“现在我感觉好多了。” |
| Liang Lingyan, a psychologist in Shanghai, said the government there had also arranged more community services, such as home visits for seniors who live alone. |
| 上海的心理学家梁灵燕（音）说，上海政府还安排了更多的社区服务，例如对独居老人的家访。 |
| “After the epidemic, people are paying much more attention to health, especially mental health,” she said. “This will be a long-term change.” |
| “疫情后大众对身心健康，尤其对心理健康的关注增强了，”她说。“（改变）会长期存在。” |
| Despite the efforts, cracks in the system remain. |
| 尽管做出了努力，但体制仍然存在漏洞。 |
| There are signs that those who need help have difficulty finding it. One survey by Chinese researchers found that only 7 percent of patients with mental disorders had sought online help during the pandemic, despite the introduction of apps and websites by the government. |
| 有迹象表明，需要帮助的人很难找到帮助。中国研究人员的一项调查发现，尽管政府推出了应用程序和网站，但只有7%的精神障碍患者在疫情期间寻求过在线帮助。 |
| There are also too few high-quality training programs for mental health professionals, said Yu Lingna, a psychologist from China who is now based in Tokyo. Even if those were expanded, training people would take time. |
| 来自中国、现居东京的心理学家于玲娜说，针对心理健康专业人员的高质量培训课程同样太少。即便增加课程，培养人才也需要时间。 |
| “I expect we will be in a state of inadequacy for our lifetimes,” she said. |
| “我估计在我们有生之年都会处在不够的状态，”她说。 |
| For Dr. Zhang, the imaging specialist who worked in Wuhan, the feeling that she had betrayed her family lingered, even as state media feted frontline doctors for their contributions. Her father recovered but her parents treated her coldly. |
| 对于在武汉工作的影像科专家张笑春来说，尽管官方媒体赞扬一线医生的贡献，但是背叛家人的感觉依然挥之不去。她父亲康复了，但父母对她的态度很冷淡。 |
| Studies suggest that medical staff may be particularly vulnerable to the pandemic’s aftershocks, with one study finding that over half of Chinese health care workers surveyed showed symptoms of depression. While many of those symptoms faded as the epidemic ebbed, others, such as a sense of guilt over losing patients, could persist, experts said. |
| 研究表明，医护人员可能特别容易受到疫情余波的影响，一项研究发现，接受调查的中国医护人员中有超过一半的人出现了抑郁症状。专家们说，虽然这些症状中有许多随着疫情的消退而消失，但其他症状，比如患者去世的内疚感，可能会持续存在。 |
| Dr. Zhang said she found therapy unhelpful, but she eventually found other sources of comfort. She immersed herself in the writings of Wang Yangming, a Ming dynasty philosopher. “It is easy to catch the thief that lives in the mountain, but hard to catch the thief that lives in the heart,” he wrote. |
| 张笑春说，她发现心理治疗没有帮助，但她最终找到了其他安慰办法。她沉浸在明代哲学家王阳明的著作中。“破山中贼易，破心中贼难，”他写道。 |
| She also eventually left her job at the Wuhan hospital and is now living in Chengdu, in the country’s southwest, spending time with her husband and daughter. She is hopeful that one day her parents will understand her decisions. |
| 她最终也辞去了在武汉医院的工作，现在住在中国西南的成都，陪伴丈夫和女儿。她希望有一天父母能理解她的决定。 |
| Dr. Zhang has often emphasized that her experience is not unique. Many of her former colleagues are also still grappling with the scars of the outbreak, she said, and she was heartened that many of them had also turned to friends or therapists. |
| 张笑春经常强调，她的经历并不独特。她说，她很多前同事也仍在与疫情造成的创伤做斗争，令她感到欣慰的是，他们中的许多人也向朋友或治疗师寻求帮助。 |
| “Any big crisis like this is bound to leave people with some sort of pain,” she said. “There’s nothing shameful about it.” |
| “一次大的灾难过后，总会给人们带来或多或少的心里的创痛，”她说。“这个不是什么见不得人的事情。” |
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