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| As the Chinese government tracked and persecuted members of predominantly Muslim minority groups, the technology giant Alibaba taught its corporate customers how they could play a part. |
| 在中国政府追踪和迫害以穆斯林为主的少数民族同时，科技巨头阿里巴巴正在教导其企业客户如何参与其中。 |
| Alibaba’s website for its cloud computing business showed how clients could use its software to detect the faces of Uighurs and other ethnic minorities within images and videos, according to pages on the site that were discovered by the surveillance industry publication IPVM and shared with The New York Times. The feature was built into Alibaba software that helps web platforms monitor digital content for material related to terrorism, pornography and other red-flag categories, the website said. |
| 据监控行业出版物IPVM发现并与《纽约时报》分享的网页显示，阿里巴巴的云计算业务网站展示了客户能够如何使用其软件检测图像和视频中的维吾尔族及其他少数民族的面孔。该网站称，这一功能被内置于阿里巴巴的软件中，用于帮助网络平台监控与恐怖主义、色情和其他危险类别相关的数字内容。 |
| The discovery could thrust one of the world’s most valuable internet companies into the storm of international condemnation surrounding China’s treatment of its Muslim minorities. |
| 这一发现可能会把全球最有价值的互联网公司之一推入国际社会谴责中国对待穆斯林少数民族的风暴中。 |
| The Chinese government has swept hundreds of thousands of Uighurs and others into indoctrination camps as part of what it calls an antiterrorism campaign. It has also rolled out a broad surveillance dragnet, using facial recognition and genetic testing, to monitor them. The United States government, among others, has denounced the program and penalized Chinese companies that are believed to be involved. |
| 作为其所谓反恐行动的一部分，中国政府已将成千上万的维吾尔人及其他群体送入了再教育营，并通过面部识别和基因测试，铺开了广泛的监控网来监视他们。美国政府和其他国家谴责该项目，并对据信参与其中的中国企业进行了惩罚。 |
| It could not be determined whether or how Alibaba’s clients had used the minority detection tool. But the potential for troubling use is high. A social media platform, for instance, could automatically flag videos for additional scrutiny, or even alert the authorities, if they contain faces that the software predicts are Uighur. |
| 目前尚无法确定阿里巴巴的客户是否或如何使用这种少数民族侦查工具。但其遭到滥用的风险很高。例如，社交媒体平台可以自动标记视频，进行额外审查，如果视频中包含被软件判断为维吾尔人的面孔，它甚至可以提醒当局注意。 |
| After The Times asked Alibaba about the tool this week, the company edited its website to remove the references to Uighur and minority faces. |
| 在时报本周向阿里巴巴询问有关该工具的情况后，该公司对其网站进行了编辑，删除了涉及维吾尔人和少数民族面孔的内容。 |
| “The ethnicity mention refers to a feature/function that was used within a testing environment during an exploration of our technical capability,” an Alibaba Cloud representative said in a written statement. “It was never used outside the testing environment.” |
| “提到种族指的是在探索我们的技术能力时，在测试环境中使用的一种特色或功能，”阿里云的一名代表在书面声明中表示。“它从未在测试环境之外使用过。” |
| The company declined to say more about its testing or explain why information about the feature had been included in the official documentation of its software. It also declined to comment on why it had been testing tools for detecting ethnic minority faces. |
| 该公司拒绝透露更多有关测试的信息，也拒绝解释为何有关该功能的信息被包含在软件的官方资料里。该公司也拒绝就为何一直在测试检测少数民族面孔的工具置评。 |
| Alibaba is a Chinese corporate giant with worldwide reach. It is perhaps Amazon’s sole global peer, a behemoth of digital commerce that has sprawled into logistics, groceries, brick-and-mortar retail and cloud services. Alibaba’s shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange and are owned by major international investors. Global brands like Nike, Starbucks and Ralph Lauren use its platforms to sell to Chinese shoppers. Alibaba is the official cloud services partner for the Olympic Games. |
| 阿里巴巴是中国的企业巨头，业务遍及全球。它可能是全球唯一与亚马逊旗鼓相当的公司，一个向物流、百货、实体零售和云服务领域扩张的数字商务巨无霸。阿里巴巴的股票在纽约证券交易所交易，由国际投资大户持有。耐克(Nike)、星巴克(Starbucks)、拉夫·劳伦(Ralph Lauren)等全球品牌都利用其平台向中国消费者销售产品。阿里巴巴也是奥运会官方云服务合作伙伴。 |
| But the Trump administration has viewed Chinese technology companies with growing suspicion, particularly those that are seen as participating in human rights abuses in Xinjiang, the western Chinese region that is home to many Uighurs. |
| 但特朗普政府对中国科技企业的怀疑与日俱增，特别是那些被认为参与了新疆人权侵犯行为的企业，许多维吾尔人居住在这个位于中国西部的地区。 |
| The administration last year added 28 Chinese entities, including manufacturers of surveillance gear and artificial intelligence start-ups, to a trade blacklist over concerns about their role in the crackdown. Last month, the White House barred Americans from investing in a list of companies with ties to the Chinese military, a step toward severing Chinese businesses’ access to American capital markets. |
| 去年，美国政府将28家中国实体加入贸易黑名单，其中包括监控设备制造商和人工智能初创企业，因为担心它们在镇压行动中所起到的作用。上个月，白宫禁止美国人投资有中国军方背景的一批企业，以切断中国企业进入美国资本市场的渠道。 |
| Chinese officials have defended the campaign in Xinjiang as a nonlethal way of fighting extremism. They have pointed to racial tensions in the United States to deflect American officials’ criticisms. |
| 中国官员为新疆的行动辩护，称之为打击极端主义的非致命手段。他们将矛头指向美国的种族紧张局势，以转移美国官员的批评。 |
| Surveillance technology has been crucial to China’s efforts. The vast majority of the country’s population is of the Han ethnicity. But members of other ethnic groups can look distinct enough from Han Chinese to make it easier for software to single them out. |
| 监控技术对中国的努力至关重要。该国绝大多数人口是汉族。但其他少数民族的长相可能与汉族人截然不同，因此软件更容易识别出他们。 |
| The Washington Post reported last week that Huawei, another Chinese tech giant, had tested software that could automatically alert the police when its surveillance cameras detected Uighur faces. The Post’s reporting, which cited a document that had been found on Huawei’s website, led a French soccer star, Antoine Griezmann, to cut ties with the company. He had been a brand ambassador for Huawei’s smartphones. |
| 《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)上周报道，另一家中国科技巨头华为已经测试了一款软件，当监控摄像头发现维吾尔人的面孔时，该软件可以自动提醒警方。《华盛顿邮报》的报道援引了在华为网站上发现的一份文件，这导致法国足球明星安东尼·格里兹曼(Antoine Griezmann)终止了与该公司的合作。他一直是华为智能手机的品牌大使。 |
| A Huawei spokesman told The Post that the tool had been “simply a test.” |
| 一位华为发言人告诉《华盛顿邮报》，该工具“只是一种测试”。 |
| Facial recognition technology has posed ethical challenges in many places. In the United States, the potential for inaccuracy and bias has led some local governments to block the technology’s use for law enforcement purposes. Amazon this year stopped allowing police departments to use its facial recognition service for a year to allow lawmakers to consider stronger regulations. |
| 面部识别技术在许多地方都带来了伦理挑战。在美国，由于可能存在不准确和偏见，一些地方政府已禁止将该技术用于执法目的。亚马逊决定在今年一年内对警察部门停用其面部识别服务，以便让议员们考虑实施更严格的监管措施。 |
| The ways in which the technology has been deployed in China have raised starker questions. |
| 这项技术在中国的部署方式引起了人们的强烈质疑。 |
| Before this week, Alibaba’s website had said that tools for detecting the faces of Uighurs and other minorities were part of its “content security” service. The service helps Alibaba’s cloud clients flag potentially risky material within the images, videos, texts and documents that are uploaded to their digital platforms. |
| 在本周之前，阿里巴巴的网站曾表示，用于检测维吾尔人和其他少数民族面孔的工具是其“内容安全”服务的一部分。该服务可帮助阿里巴巴的云客户在从上传到其数字平台的图像、视频、文本和文档中标记有潜在风险的材料。 |
| “As government regulation gets stricter by the day, these are tasks that all websites and platforms must urgently handle and manage seriously,” Alibaba’s website explains. The company is China’s leading provider of cloud services and a partner to international companies that have online operations in China. |
| 阿里巴巴网站解释说：“随着政府监管的日渐严格，这些都是各网站及平台亟待认真对待和管理的工作。”该公司是中国领先的云服务提供商，也是在中国开展在线业务的国际企业的合作伙伴。 |
| The content security service can perform “facial recognition of sensitive people” using still pictures and videos, according to Alibaba’s website. When given an image of a face, the software can look for attributes including whether the person is wearing glasses or smiling, the website’s descriptions say. |
| 根据阿里巴巴网站的说法，内容安全服务可以使用静态图片和视频执行“敏感人士的面部识别”。该网站的描述说，当获得面部图像时，该软件可以寻找特征，包括该人是戴着眼镜还是在微笑。 |
| Before Alibaba edited those descriptions this week, they had said that the software could evaluate two other attributes, as well: whether a person is of “Asian” descent and whether he or she is a “minority” — which, as a description on another page added in parentheses, referred to Uighurs. |
| 在阿里巴巴本周修改这些描述之前，他们曾说过该软件还可以评估其他两个属性：一个人是否具有“亚洲”血统以及是否是“少数民族”——在另一个页面上，这个包含在括号里的描述指的是维吾尔族。 |
| The company’s online documentation in English for the same software contained no mention of detecting ethnic minorities, a possible indication that the feature was intended principally for Chinese clients’ use. |
| 该公司同一软件的英文在线文档中没有提及对少数民族的检测，这可能表明该功能主要供中国客户使用。 |
| Alibaba had not been alone in China in touting tools for automated racial profiling. |
| 阿里巴巴并不是中国唯一兜售种族特征自动分析工具的公司。 |
| Another Chinese cloud provider, Kingsoft Cloud, had described on its website technology that could use an image of a face to predict “race,” among other attributes. According to a page and a document on Kingsoft Cloud’s website that were discovered by IPVM and shared with The Times, the company’s software could evaluate whether a person’s race was “Uighur” or “non-Uighur.” |
| 中国另一家云提供商金山云(Kingsoft Cloud)在其网站上描述了可以使用面部图像预测“种族”以及其他特征的技术。根据IPVM发现并与时报共享的金山云网站上的一个页面和一个文档，该公司的软件可以评估一个人的种族是“维吾尔族”还是“非维吾尔族”。 |
| After The Times asked Kingsoft Cloud about the software, the company purged those pages from its website. In a written statement, it said that the tool in question had never been sold to customers and that it had not been able to distinguish Uighur faces. |
| 在时报向金山云询问有关该软件的信息后，该公司从其网站上清除了这些页面。它在一份书面声明中说，有关工具从未出售给客户，并且无法区分维吾尔人的面孔。 |
| The statement said that the software had slipped past the company’s internal review processes and that the company was evaluating those mechanisms to ensure proper oversight. |
| 声明说，该软件因为管理不严通过了公司的内部审查流程，公司正在对审查机制进行评估，以确保监督到位。 |
| “The labeling on the basis of any race is inappropriate and inconsistent with Kingsoft Cloud’s policies and values,” the statement said. “Our products will never include any attempt to identify and label specific ethnic groups.” |
| “基于任何种族的标签都是不合适的，并且与金山云的政策和价值观不一致，”声明说。“我们的产品绝不会尝试识别和标记特定种族。” |
| Kingsoft Cloud is listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. |
| 金山云在纳斯达克证券交易所上市。 |
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