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战争与和平　
War and Peace

英文中文双语对照双语交替

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CHAPTER XXVI	第二十六章

AT FOUR O'CLOCK in the afternoon, Murat's troops entered Moscow. In front rode a detachment of Würtemberg hussars, behind, with an immense suite, rode the King of Naples himself.	下午三点多钟，缪拉的部队进入莫斯科。前面行进着一队符腾堡的骠骑兵，后面则是带大批随从的骑在马上的那不勒斯王本人。
Near the middle of Arbaty, close to Nikola Yavlenny, Murat halted to await information from the detachment in advance as to the condition in which the citadel of the city, “le Kremlin,” had been found.	在阿尔巴特街中段，圣尼古拉修道院附近，缪拉停下来，等候先头部队传回市内要塞“le　Kremlin”的情况。
A small group of inhabitants of Moscow had gathered about Murat. All stared with timid astonishment at the strange figure of the long-haired commander, decked in gold and feathers.	缪拉周围，聚集了一小部分留下未走的居民。他们全都以胆怯而疑惑的目光，望着戴有羽毛和身佩金饰的奇怪的留有长发的长官。
“Why, is this their Tsar himself? Nought amiss with him,” voices were heard saying softly.	“难道这就是他们的沙皇，还不错嘛，就是他本人？”他们悄声说着。翻译官策马走向人群。
An interpreter approached the group of gazers.	“帽脱……脱下帽子。”人群相互传着话。翻译官向一个年老的看门人询问克里姆林还有多远？看门人疑惑不解地听着他陌生的波兰口音，以为翻译官说话的声音不是俄国话，不懂他说的什么，躲到别人背后去了。
“Caps … caps off,” they muttered, turning to each other in the little crowd.	缪拉走近翻译，吩咐他询问俄军在哪里。人群里有一个听懂了向他的提问，于是突然有几个声音答话。先头部队的一名军官驶至缪拉身旁，报告说要塞的门已被堵上，那里大概有埋伏。
The interpreter accosted one old porter, and asked him if it were far to the Kremlin. The porter, listening with surprise to the unfamiliar Polish accent, and not recognising the interpreter's words for Russian, had no notion what was being said to him, and took refuge behind the others.	“好。”缪拉说，并朝一名随从官员命令推四门轻炮过来，向要塞大门射击。
Murat approached the interpreter, and told him to ask where were the Russian troops. One of the Russians understood this question, and several voices began answering the interpreter simultaneously. A French officer from the detachment in advance rode up to Murat and reported that the gates into the citadel were blocked up, and that probably there was an ambush there.	炮队驶离跟在缪拉后面前进的纵队，沿阿尔巴特街驶去。走到弗兹德维仁卡街尽头时，炮兵停下，在广场上排好队伍。几名法国军官指挥着炮位的安置，并用望远镜观看克里姆林宫。
“Good,” said Murat, and turning to one of the gentlemen of his suite, he commanded four light cannons to be moved forward, and the gates to be shelled upon.	克里姆林宫内，晚祷钟声正鸣响着，钟声使法国人困惑。他们认定这是发出的作战信号。几个步兵朝库塔菲耶夫门跑去。门口堆砌了原木和挡板。由一名军官率领着一小队士兵刚开始朝这座门跑去，从门里开了两枪。站在炮位旁的将军对那个军官发了口令，军官随即带着士兵跑了回来。
The artillery came trotting out from the column following Murat, and advanced along Arbaty. When they reached the end of Vosdvizhenka the artillery halted and drew up in the square. Several French officers superintended the placing of the cannon some distance apart, and looked at the Kremlin through a field-glass. A bell was ringing in the Kremlin for evening service, and that sound troubled the French. They supposed that it was the call to arms. Several infantry soldiers ran to the Kutafyev gateway. A barricade of beams and planks lay across the gateway. Two musket shots rang out from the gates, just as an officer with some men were running up to them. The general standing by the cannons shouted some words of command to the officer, and the officer and the soldiers ran back.	门里又响了三次射击声。
Three more shots were heard from the gate. One shot grazed the leg of a French soldier, and a strange shout of several voices rose from behind the barricade. Instantaneously, as though at the word of command, the expression of good humour and serenity on the faces of the French general, officers, and men was replaced by a stubborn, concentrated expression of readiness for conflict and suffering. To all of them, from the marshal to the lowest soldier, this place was not Vosdvizhenka, Mohova, Kutaf, and the Troitsky gates; it was a new battlefield, likely to be the scene of a bloody conflict. And all were ready for that conflict. The shouts from the gates died away. The cannons were moved forward. The artillerymen quenched the burning linstocks. An officer shouted “Fire!” and two whistling sounds of clinking tin rang out one after another. The grapeshot fell rattling on the stone of the gateway, on the beams and screens of planks, and two clouds of smoke rolled over the square.	有一枪打中一个法军士兵的腿，盾牌后边便有几个人怪叫起来。这名将军和军官，以及这些士兵的脸上，刚才显得轻松愉快的表情，像服从命令一样，顿时都变成顽强，专注，面临搏斗、准备受难的表情。对他们全体官兵，从元帅到最末尾的士兵来说，这个地方不是弗兹德维仁卡街，莫霍夫街，库塔菲耶夫街或特罗伊茨门，而是一处新的战场，可能要浴血奋战的场地。故尔全体官兵作好了打这一仗的准备。大门内的喊声停止了。大炮被推了出来。炮兵们吹掉火绳上的烟灰。一个军官发出口令：feu①！两发炮弹便呼啸着一前一后地射了出去。霰弹打在大门的石墙上，门口的原木和盾牌上，发出噼噼啪啪的爆炸声，两朵烟云飘过广场上空。
Some instants after the echoes of the shots had died away over the stone Kremlin, a strange sound was heard over the heads of the French. An immense flock of jackdaws rose above the walls and swept round in the air with loud caws, and the whir of thousands of wings. Together with this sound, there rose a solitary human cry at the gate, and the figure of a man bareheaded, in a long peasant's coat, came into sight through the smoke. Holding a gun up, he took aim at the French. “Fire!” repeated the artillery officer, and at the same instant one rifle shot and two cannon shots were heard. The gate was again hidden in smoke.	①放！
Nothing more stirred behind the barricade, and the French infantry soldiers with their officers passed in at the gate. In the gateway lay three men wounded and four dead. Two men in long peasant-coats had run away along the walls toward Znamenka.	在大炮击中克里姆林宫石墙的炸裂声响过之后，不多一会儿，法军头顶上响起一阵奇怪的声音。围墙上方惊起了一大群乌鸦，聒噪着，响亮地扇动着上千只翅膀，在空中盘旋。除却乌鸦的叫声，还听到门内有一个人的一声叫喊，从硝烟后面出现一个没戴帽子穿长褂子的人影。他举枪瞄准着法军。
“Clear this away,” said the officer, pointing to the beams and the corpses; and the French soldiers finished off the wounded, and flung the corpses over the fence below. Who these men were nobody knew. “Clear this away!” was all that was said of them, and they were flung away that they might not stink. Thiers has indeed devoted some eloquent lines to their memories. “These wretches had invaded the sacred citadel, had taken possession of the guns of the arsenal, and fired (the wretches) on the French. Some of them were sabred, and the Kremlin was purged of their presence.”	“feu！”炮兵军官重复了一次口令，一声火枪和两发炮弹的射击声便同时响了起来。硝烟又笼罩大门。
Murat was informed that the way had been cleared. The French entered the gates, and began pitching their camp on Senate-house Square. The soldiers flung the chairs out of the windows of the Senate-house into the square, and began making fires.	盾牌后面再也没有动静了，于是，法军步兵同军官一起向大门走去。门里躺着三个受伤和四个被打死的人。两个穿长褂的人弯下身子，顺着墙根往兹纳缅卡逃跑。
Other detachments marched across the Kremlin and encamped in Moroseyka, Lubyanka, and Pokrovka. Others pitched their camps in Vosdvizhenka, Znamenka, Nikolskaya, and Tverskaya. Not finding citizens to entertain them, the French everywhere bivouacked as in a camp pitched in a town, instead of quartering themselves on the houses.	“Enlevez－moi　ca。”①一名军官说，指着原木和尸体，于是有几个法国人把受伤的结果了，然后把尸体扔到了围墙的外边。这些人是谁呢，没有人知道。“Enlevez－moi　ca”，这是提到他们的唯一的话，他们被扔掉，然后又被搬走，以免发臭。只有梯也尔用了几句娓娓动听的话来纪念他们：“Ces　misérables　avaient　envahi　la　citadelle　sacrée，s'étaient　emparés　des　fusils　de　l'arsenal，et　tiraient（ces　misérables）sur　les　Francais．On　en　sabra　quelques—uns　et　on　purgea　le　Kremlin　de　leur　présence．”②
Tattered, hungry, and exhausted, as they were, and dwindled to one-third their original numbers, the French soldiers yet entered Moscow in good discipline. It was a harassed and exhausted, yet still active and menacing army.	①把这些清除掉。
But it was an army only up to the moment when the soldiers of the army dispersed all over the town. As soon as the soldiers began to disperse about the wealthy, deserted houses, the army was lost for ever, and in its place was a multitude of men, neither citizens nor soldiers, but something nondescript between, known as marauders. When five weeks later these same men set out from Moscow, they no longer made up an army. They were a mob of marauders, each of whom carried or dragged along with him a mass of objects he regarded as precious and useful. The aim of each of these men on leaving Moscow was not, as it had been, to fight as a soldier, but simply to keep the booty he had obtained. Like the ape, who slipping his hand into the narrow neck of a pitcher, and snatching up a handful of nuts inside it, will not open his fist for fear of losing his prize, even to his own ruin, the French on leaving Moscow were inevitably bound to come to ruin, because they dragged their plunder along with them, and it seemed as impossible to them to fling away their booty as it seems to the ape to let go of the nuts. Ten minutes after the several French regiments had dispersed about the various quarters of Moscow, not a soldier nor an officer was left among them. At the windows of the houses men could be seen in military coats and Hessian boots, laughing and strolling through the rooms. In the cellars, in the storerooms similar men were busily looking after the provisions; in the courtyards they were unlocking or breaking open the doors of sheds and stables; in the kitchens they were making up fires, and with bare arms mixing, kneading, and baking, and frightening, or trying to coax and amuse, women and children. Men there were in plenty everywhere, in all the shops and houses; but the army was no more.	②这些不幸之众聚集于这一神圣要塞，从军械库拿出火枪向法军射击。其中有的被砍死，从克里姆林宫里清除出去。
That day one order after another was issued by the French commanders forbidding the troops to disperse about the town, sternly forbidding violence to the inhabitants, and pillaging, and proclaiming that a general roll-call was to take place that evening. But in spite of all such measures the men, who had made up an army, flowed about the wealthy, deserted city, so richly provided with luxuries and comforts. Like a starved herd, that keeps together crossing a barren plain, but at once on reaching rich pastures inevitably strays apart and scatters over them, the army was irresistibly lured into scattering over the wealthy town.	缪拉接到报告说，道路已被扫清。法军进入宫门，在枢密院广场架起了帐篷。士兵们把椅子从枢密院窗户扔到广场上，升起了火堆。
Moscow was without its inhabitants, and the soldiers were sucked up in her, like water into sand, as they flowed away irresistibly in all directions from the Kremlin, which they had entered first. Cavalry soldiers who had entered a merchant's house abandoned with all its belongings, and finding stabling for their horses and to spare, yet went on to take the house next door, which seemed to them better. Many took several houses, chalking their names on them, and quarrelled and even fought with other companies for their possession. Soldiers had no sooner succeeded in securing quarters than they ran along the street to look at the town, and on hearing that everything had been abandoned, hurried off where objects of value could be carried off for nothing. The officers followed to check the soldiers, and were involuntarily lured into doing the same. In Carriage Row shops had been abandoned stocked with carriages, and the generals flocked thither to choose coaches and carriages for themselves. The few inhabitants who had stayed on invited the officers into their houses, hoping thereby to secure themselves against being robbed. Wealth there was in abundance: there seemed no end to it. Everywhere all round the parts occupied by the French there were unexplored regions unoccupied beyond, in which the French fancied there were even more riches to be found. And Moscow absorbed them further and further into herself. Just as when water flows over dry land, water and dry land alike disappear and are lost in mud, so when the hungry army entered the wealthy, deserted city, the army and the wealth of the city both perished; and fires and marauding bands sprang up where they had been.	另一些队伍穿过克里姆林宫，在马罗谢卡，卢比扬卡，波克罗夫卡等街道扎营。另外，还有部队在弗兹德维仁卡，兹纳缅卡，尼科利斯卡亚和特维尔等街驻扎。到处驻扎着法国人，由于找不到房屋的主人，他们与其说是驻扎在城内的住宅里，还不如说是驻扎在城内的兵营里。
The French ascribed the burning of Moscow au patriotisme féroce de Rastoptchine; the Russians to the savagery of the French. In reality, explanations of the fire of Moscow, in the sense of the conflagration being brought home to the door of any one person or group of persons, there have never been, and never could be. Moscow was burned because she was placed in conditions in which any town built of wood was bound to be burned, quite apart from the question whether there were or were not one hundred and thirty inefficient fire-engines in the town. Moscow was sure to be burned, because her inhabitants had gone away, as inevitably as a heap of straw is sure to be burned where sparks are scattered on it for several days in succession. A town of wooden houses, in which when the police and the inhabitants owning the houses are in possession of it, fires are of daily occurrence, cannot escape being burned when its inhabitants are gone and it is filled with soldiers smoking pipes, making fires in Senate-house Square of the Senate-house chairs, and cooking themselves meals twice a day. In times of peace, whenever troops are quartered on villages in any district, the number of fires in the district at once increases. How greatly must the likelihood of fires be increased in an abandoned town, built of wood, and occupied by foreign soldiers! Le patriotisme féroce de Rastoptchine and the savagery of the French do not come into the question.	尽管军服褴褛，饥饿疲惫，人员锐减至三分之一，法军士兵仍以整齐队列进入莫斯科。这是一支精力疲惫，极为虚弱而仍能作战的威武之师。但这只是这支部队在士兵解散住进各家各户以前的情形。各团队的人马一旦解散、住进空荡荡的或富家宅第，部队便永远毁灭了，而成了既非居民又非士兵介乎二者之间的，即所谓的兵匪。五个星期之后，在撤离莫斯科时，同样是这些人，但已不再成其为军队了。他们是成群结队的兵匪，其中的每一个，或运载，或随身携带一大捆他认为值钱的有用的东西。在撤离莫斯科时，每人的目的，已不像从前那样，是为了征服，而只是为了保住掠夺来的东西。正像一只猴子，把手伸进窄口罐子里去抓了一把坚果，不松开拳头，以免失掉抓住的坚果，因此而毁掉了自己，法国人在走出莫斯科时，显然也会遭到灭亡。因为他们随身背着抢来的东西，他们同样不能扔掉抢来的东西，就像猴子不肯松开那一把坚果那样。法军每个团队驻守莫斯科某条街道，只要过十分钟，便不再有一个像士兵和军官的人了。房屋的窗户里，闪现着穿军大衣和短靴的人们，他们嘻笑着出入于各个房间；在地窖和地下室里，这些人喧宾夺主地款待自己；在院子里，这些人打开或砸开披屋和马厩的门；在厨房，则点燃炉灶，卷起袖子和面，烘烤和煎炸，恐吓，调笑和爱抚妇女和儿童。这样的人到处都多得很，塞满店铺，充斥住宅；而军队却没有了。
Moscow was burned through the pipes, the kitchen stoves, and camp-fires, through the recklessness of the enemy's soldiers, who lived in the houses without the care of householders. Even if there were cases of incendiarism (which is very doubtful, because no one had any reason for incendiarism, and in any case such a crime is a troublesome and dangerous one), there is no need to accept incendiarism as the cause, for the conflagration would have been inevitable anyway without it.	在这同一天里，法军各部长官接连几次发布命令，禁止军队在城内闲逛，严禁骚扰居民和抢劫行为，宣布当晚要总点名等等；但无论采取何种措施，从前组成一支军队的这伙人，仍然分散到拥有大量物资储备的富足而空无人迹的城市各处。正如饥饿的畜群在不毛之地挤做一团，一旦踏上肥美的牧场，便无法遏制地分散开来一样，这支军队也就这样无法遏制地分散到了这座富城的各处。
Soothing as it was to the vanity of the French to throw the blame on the ferocity of Rastoptchin, and to that of the Russians to throw the blame on the miscreant Bonaparte, or later on to place the heroic torch in the hand of its patriot peasantry, we cannot disguise from ourselves that there could be no such direct cause of the fire, since Moscow was as certain to be burned as any village, factory, or house forsaken by its owners, and used as a temporary shelter and cooking-place by strangers. Moscow was burned by her inhabitants, it is true; but not by the inhabitants who had lingered on, but by the inhabitants who had abandoned her. Moscow did not, like Berlin, Vienna, and other towns, escape harm while in the occupation of the enemy, simply because her inhabitants did not receive the French with the keys, and the bread and salt of welcome, but abandoned her.	莫斯科没有了居民，士兵像水渗透进沙子一样向城里渗透，像不可遏制的星光那样，从他们首先开进的克里姆林宫的四面八方扩散。骑兵们走进全部家财留下来的商人家，不仅找到容纳自己马匹的单间畜栏，而且还用不完，但仍然要去占领相邻的另一家，以为它更好些。许多人占了好几处房舍，用粉笔写上谁占的，他们同其他部分的士兵争吵以至斗殴。士兵们还未来得及收拾停当，便跑上街去观光，听说东西都被扔下不要了。哪里可以白拿值钱的东西，就往那里去。长官去阻止部下，自己也不由自主地卷入此种行为。马车市场还有几家马车店，将军们涌入市场，挑选四轮马车和轻便马车。留下来的居民把长官邀请到自己家里，希望这能保证他们免遭抢劫。财富多得不可胜数，简直是无穷无尽；在法军已占据的地点周围，还有足迹未到、未被占据之处，在这些地方，法国佬以为还有更多的财富。莫斯科愈来愈深地把他们吸入自己体内。正如水浇上干涸的土地一样，结果水与干涸的土地一齐消失；也正如饥饿的部队进入富足的空旷的城市一样，结果是部队毁灭，富足的城市也遭毁灭；于是，满城污秽，都化为大火和抢劫。
	法国人把莫斯科大火归咎于au　patriotisme　féroce　de　Ros－topchine①；俄国人则归咎于法军的暴行。实际上呢，莫斯科大火的原因，如果要找出一个或几个人来承担责任，那么就没有这样的原因，也不可能有这样的原因。莫斯科毁于火，是由于它处在任何一座木头城都会焚毁的那些条件下，与城内是否有一百三十台破旧的救火机无关。莫斯科必定毁于火，是由于居民撤走所致，这是不可避免的，就像一堆刨花，连续几天都有火星溅到上面，不可避免要引燃一样。一座木头城，在有居民和房主以及警察的情况下，夏天几乎每天都发生火灾，不能不遭焚毁，何况城里没有居民，而是住着抽烟斗、用枢密院的椅凳在枢密院广场升起篝火、每天煮两餐饭吃的士兵。在和平时期，只要有军队在某些地区的乡下驻防，这些地区的火灾次数便立即上升。在一座空空的被异军占据的木头城里，火灾的概率会增加多少呢？Le　patriotisme　féroce　de　Roastopchine和法军的暴行，在此问题上均无任何过失。莫斯科被焚是由于敌军士兵的烟斗，炊爂，篝火和粗枝大叶，他们住在那里，但不是主人。如果有人纵火的话（这很值得怀疑，因为无论是谁都没有任何理由去放火，无论如何，这是很费周折和危险的），纵火也并不能成为其原因，因为无须乎纵火其结果仍会一样。
	①拉斯托普钦野蛮的爱国主义。
	无论法国人如何乐意归罪于拉斯托普钦的野蛮，俄国人归罪于恶棍波拿巴，或者后来又把英雄的火炬让自己的人民高擎，都不能不看到，与此直接有关的大火的原因是不会有的，因为莫斯科必然焚毁于火，就像每一座村落，工厂，每间房屋，其主人如果出走，再放进外人来当主人，在那里煮饭，必然会焚烧一样。莫斯科被居民焚毁，这是事实，但不是被留在那里未走的居民所焚毁，而是被离开它的居民所焚毁的。敌军占领下的莫斯科，没有像柏林，维也纳和其他城市那样完好地保住，仅仅是因为它的居民没有向法国人奉献面包、盐和钥匙，而是弃城逃走了。