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| MADRID — Faced with a newly aggressive Russia, NATO leaders on Wednesday outlined a muscular new vision that names Moscow as the military alliance’s primary adversary but also, for the first time, declares China to be a strategic “challenge.” | 马德里——周三，面对新近咄咄逼人的俄罗斯，北约领导人勾勒出一份强硬的新愿景，将莫斯科列为该军事联盟的主要对手，同时也首次宣布中国是一个战略“挑战”。 |
| It was a fundamental shift for an alliance that was born in the Cold War but came to view a post-Soviet Russia as a potential ally, and did not focus on China at all. | 对于一个诞生于冷战时期，但之后将后苏联时代的俄罗斯视为潜在盟友、完全不关注中国的联盟来说，这是一个根本性的转变。 |
| But that was before Feb. 24, when Russian forces poured across the border into Ukraine, and Chinese leaders pointedly did not join in the global condemnation that followed. | 转折点发生在2月24日，当时俄罗斯军队大举越过边境进入乌克兰，而中国领导人刻意没有加入随之而来的全球谴责。 |
| “The deepening strategic partnership between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation and their mutually reinforcing attempts to undercut the rules-based international order run counter to our values and interests,” NATO leaders said in a new mission statement issued during their summit in Madrid. | “中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦之间不断推进的战略伙伴关系，以及他们携手进一步削弱基于规则的国际秩序的企图，与我们的价值观和利益背道而驰，”北约领导人在马德里峰会上发表的一份新的使命宣言中说。 |
| The announcement came on a day when a top U.S. intelligence official said victory in Ukraine was not yet in Russia’s grasp, the two sides said they had exchanged more than 200 prisoners of war, and a Ukrainian official said, “There are battles everywhere.” | 宣言发表当天，一名美国高级情报官员表示，俄罗斯尚未在乌克兰取得胜利，双方表示已经交换了200多名战俘，一名乌克兰官员说，“战火遍布各地。” |
| In a flurry of steps at the summit in Madrid, which ends Thursday, President Biden and other NATO leaders sought to respond to President Vladimir V. Putin’s resurgent and bellicose Russia. Just before publishing the mission statement, they extended formal membership invitations to the until-now nonaligned Nordic countries Finland and Sweden, paving the way for NATO’s most significant enlargement in more than a decade. | 周四结束的马德里峰会上，拜登总统和其他北约领导人采取了一系列措施，试图对普京总统重新崛起而且好战的俄罗斯做出回应。就在发布使命宣言之前，他们向迄今为止不结盟的北欧国家芬兰和瑞典发出了成为正式成员的邀请，为北约十多年来最重大的扩张铺平了道路。 |
| “In a moment when Putin has shattered peace in Europe and attacked the very tenets of the rules-based order, the United States and our allies — we’re going to step up,” Mr. Biden said. “We’re stepping up.” | “在普京破坏欧洲和平，并攻击基于规则的秩序原则之际，美国和我们的盟友——我们将采取行动，”拜登说。“我们正在采取行动。” |
| The secretary-general of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg, announced that thousands of new troops would be deployed in eight countries on NATO’s eastern flank. And Mr. Biden said that Washington would deploy an Army garrison headquarters and a field support battalion in Poland, the first U.S. forces permanently located on NATO’s eastern flank. | 北约秘书长延斯·斯托尔滕贝格宣布，将在北约东翼的八个国家增派数千名武装力量。拜登还表示，华盛顿将在波兰部署一个陆军驻军总部和一个野战支援营，这是美国在北约东翼的第一支永久性部队。 |
| China offered a chilly response to the new NATO moves. | 中国对北约的新举措作出了冰冷的回应。 |
| “We oppose certain elements clamoring for NATO’s involvement in Asia Pacific, or an Asia Pacific version of NATO based on military alliance,” said China’s ambassador to the United Nations, Zhang Jun. “The outdated Cold War script must not be reenacted in Asia Pacific. The turmoil in parts of the world must not be allowed in Asia Pacific.” | “我们坚决反对一些势力鼓动北约把触角进一步伸向亚太，或者依托军事同盟拼凑‘亚太版北约’。早已过时的冷战剧本，绝不能在亚太重演，”中国常驻联合国代表张军表示。“世界上正在发生的动乱战乱，绝不容在亚太发生。” |
| For his part, Mr. Putin kept his attention in Central Asia, where has been visiting to shore up support for Moscow — all the more important now that the West has moved to make Russia a pariah nation. | 普京则把注意力集中在中亚地区。他一直在那里访问，巩固该地区对莫斯科的支持。鉴于西方国家已经采取行动要把俄罗斯变成一个被抛弃的国家，中亚就显得更加重要。 |
| In an apparently calculated bit of Kremlin counterprogramming, the Russian president attended a summit of his own: a gathering in Turkmenistan of the five countries bordering the Caspian Sea. He flew to Turkmenistan early Wednesday from Tajikistan, on the second leg of a two-day trip that took him out of Russia for the first time since the Ukraine war began in February. It was also his first overnight foreign trip since the pandemic began. | 克里姆林宫显然精心策划了一出对台戏，普京举办了他自己的峰会——里海沿岸五个国家在土库曼斯坦举行聚会。他周三凌晨从塔吉克斯坦飞往土库曼斯坦，这是两天访问行程的第二站。自今年2月乌克兰战争爆发以来，这是普京首次离开俄罗斯；也是新冠疫情暴发以来，他首次出访超过一天以上。 |
| In a brief speech to the other leaders at the summit, including the presidents of Kazakhstan, Iran and Azerbaijan, Mr. Putin spoke of trade, tourism, fisheries and environmental issues, though he said not a word about NATO or Ukraine. | 峰会上的其他领导人还包括哈萨克斯坦、伊朗和阿塞拜疆的总统，在对他们发表的简短讲话中，普京谈到了贸易、旅游、渔业和环境问题，但对北约或乌克兰只字未提。 |
| But later in the day, meeting with reporters after the summit was over, Mr. Putin scoffed at the significance of Finland and Sweden joining NATO — all the while issuing a warning. | 但在当天晚些时候，普京在峰会结束后会见记者时，对芬兰和瑞典加入北约的意义嗤之以鼻，同时也发出了警告。 |
| “If military contingents and infrastructure are deployed there,” he said, “we will have to respond in kind and create the same threats against the territories from which threats are created against us,” Mr. Putin said. “It’s obvious. What, don’t they understand?” | “如果在那里部署了军事特遣队和基础设施，”他说，“我们将不得不做出同样的回应，对那些给我们造成了威胁的地区制造同样的威胁，”普京说。“这很明显。怎么，难道他们不明白吗？” |
| Ukrainian leaders praised the NATO news. | 乌克兰领导人赞扬了来自北约的消息。 |
| “We welcome a cleareyed stance on Russia, as well as accession for Finland and Sweden,” Ukraine’s foreign minister, Dmytro Kuleba, said on Twitter. “An equally strong and active position on Ukraine will help to protect the Euro-Atlantic security and stability.” | “我们欢迎在俄罗斯问题上采取明确立场，以及芬兰和瑞典的加入，”乌克兰外长德米特里·库列巴在Twitter上说。“在乌克兰问题上采取一致的强硬和积极立场，有助于保护欧洲—大西洋的安全和稳定。” |
| But it was far from clear that the developments this week could help Ukraine turn the tide in a war in which its forces remain badly outnumbered and outgunned. Mr. Putin has appeared unmoved by foreign condemnations and sanctions as his forces use their superior artillery to bombard Ukrainian cities into submission. | 但是本周的事态发展能否帮助乌克兰在这场战争中扭转局势，目前还远不清楚。无论是在人数和武器装备上，乌克兰军队都处于严重劣势。普京似乎对外国的谴责和制裁无动于衷，他的军队利用优势火力轰炸乌克兰城市，迫使它们屈服。 |
| On Wednesday, Ukrainian and Western officials said Moscow was dispatching thousands more soldiers and heavy weapons to eastern Ukraine as it struggles to lay claim to the last patch of sovereign Ukrainian territory in the eastern Luhansk Province. | 周三，乌克兰和西方官员表示，莫斯科正在向乌克兰东部增派数以千计的士兵和重型武器。目前，它正努力夺取乌克兰东部卢甘斯克省的最后一块主权领土。 |
| “There are battles everywhere,” said Serhiy Haidai, head of the Luhansk regional military administration. “Everywhere the enemy is trying to break through the line of defense. They are trying to destroy all settlements, to later enter only the territory, not the settlement.” | “战火遍布各地，”卢甘斯克地区军事管理局局长谢尔盖·海岱说。“各处的敌人都在试图突破防线。他们试图摧毁所有定居点，以便随后只进入领土，而不是定居点。” |
| He said the Russians were using rocket-propelled grenade launchers, artillery, mortars, tanks, bombers and long-range missiles to clear the land of life so their infantry could advance. | 他说，为了方便步兵的推进，俄罗斯人正在使用火箭推进式榴弹发射器、大炮、迫击炮、坦克、轰炸机和远程导弹来清除这片土地上的生命。 |
| The scorched-earth tactics have enabled the Russians to creep ever closer to Ukrainian positions within the city of Lysychansk in Luhansk Province, part of Moscow’s drive to claim all of eastern Ukraine’s Donbas region. But even with the remarkable expenditure of ammunition, gains have been slow. | 焦土战术使得俄罗斯人能够越来越接近卢甘斯克省利西昌斯克市乌克兰一方的阵地，这也是莫斯科试图夺取整个乌克兰东部顿巴斯地区的行动之一。但是，即使消耗了大量的弹药，进展依旧缓慢。 |
| Russian officials have dismissed claims of atrocities against civilians in Ukraine, insisting that they are limiting their assaults to legitimate military targets. | 俄罗斯官员否认了对乌克兰平民实施暴行的说法，坚称他们的攻击仅限于合法的军事目标。 |
| But across the country, civilian deaths are increasing day by day in smaller-scale attacks that claim handfuls of lives at a time. Even in cities and towns away from the war’s fiercest fighting, civilian casualties have steadily ticked upward. | 但在全国范围内，平民的死亡人数每天都在增加，在规模较小的袭击中，每次都会造成数人死亡。即使在远离最激烈战役的城镇，平民伤亡人数也在不断上升。 |
| “They might be going for military structures, but they are mostly hitting civilian infrastructure,” Vitaly Kim, the governor of the Mykolaiv region of southern Ukraine, said at a news briefing Wednesday. “I think they are trying to frighten the local population and demoralize our military.” | “他们可能是冲着军事建筑去的，但他们击中的主要是民用基础设施，”乌克兰南部尼古拉耶夫地区的州长维塔利·金在周三的新闻发布会上说。“我认为他们是在试图恫吓当地居民，挫败我们军队的士气。” |
| In her first public update in more than a month, the Biden administration’s director of national intelligence, Avril D. Haines, said Wednesday that Mr. Putin appeared to still be aiming to take most of Ukraine, but that in the short term a breakthrough by Russian forces in the country’s east remained unlikely. The consensus in American intelligence agencies is that the war is likely to go on for an extended time, Ms. Haines said. | 拜登政府的国家情报总监艾薇儿·海恩斯周三进行了一个多月以来的最新情况通报，她表示，普京的目标似乎仍然是占领乌克兰的大部分地区，但在该国东部地区，俄罗斯军队在短期内取得突破的可能性仍然不大。海恩斯说，美国情报机构的共识是，这场战争可能会持续很长时间。 |
| With no sign that a cease-fire may be close, Ukraine announced the largest exchange of prisoners of war since Russia launched its invasion, among them dozens of Ukrainian soldiers who defended against the Russian siege of Mariupol, the southern port city that became a symbol of Ukrainian defiance. | 没有迹象表明近期将会停火，乌克兰宣布了自俄罗斯入侵以来最大规模的战俘交换，其中包括数十名参加了保卫马里乌波尔战斗的乌克兰士兵，这座南部港口城市遭到俄罗斯军队的围攻，成为了乌克兰反抗的象征。 |
| While the exchange was shrouded in secrecy, Denis Pushilin, the head of Russian-backed separatist forces in the Donetsk area of Donbas, said that 144 Russian and proxy forces were returned in exchange for 144 Ukrainians. | 虽然战俘交换的细节不为外人所知，但俄罗斯支持的顿巴斯顿涅茨克地区分离主义势力领导人丹尼斯·普希林表示，144名俄罗斯人和代理人被遣返，以换取144名乌克兰人。 |
| The expansion of NATO came after protracted negotiations with Turkey, a member of the alliance that had raised objections. Although it was still unclear Wednesday exactly what had persuaded Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, to alter his stance, clues emerged. Some involved Turkey’s concerns about Kurdish separatists. | 北约在扩张前与反对扩张的成员国土耳其进行了漫长的谈判。周三，尽管仍不清楚究竟是什么说服了土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安改变立场，但还是有迹可循。其中一些涉及土耳其对库尔德分离主义者的担忧。 |
| Ann Linde, the Swedish foreign minister, said that Sweden and Finland had formally agreed not to lend support to Kurdish or other organizations that could harm Turkey’s security, whether with weapons or other aid. | 瑞典外交大臣安·林德表示，瑞典和芬兰已正式同意不向库尔德人或其他可能损害土耳其安全的组织提供支持，无论是武器还是其他援助。 |
| “We don’t do that today either, but now it’s explicitly written,” Ms. Linde told Swedish Radio. She said her country would continue to provide humanitarian support to Kurds and others in northeastern Syria. | “我们本来也没有这样做，不过现在已经明确写入协议了，”林德告诉瑞典广播电台。她说，她的国家将继续向叙利亚东北部的库尔德人和其他人提供人道主义支持。 |
| Both Sweden and Finland will also lift an informal arms embargo on Turkey imposed in 2019 after Turkey had intervened in northern Syria. As new members of NATO, Ms. Linde said, both countries would have “new commitments vis-à-vis allies, and this applies to Turkey as well.” | 在土耳其对叙利亚北部采取干预行动后，瑞典和芬兰在2019年对土耳其实施了非正式武器禁运，该禁令也将被解除。林德说，作为北约的新成员，两国都将“对盟友做出新的承诺，这同样适用于土耳其”。 |
| And the United States on Wednesday signaled a new willingness to sell upgraded F-16 fighter jets to Turkey, moving closer to satisfying the ally’s longstanding request. | 美国周三表示愿意向土耳其出售升级后的F-16战斗机，朝着满足该盟友的长期要求再进一步。 |
| American officials insisted the change was unrelated to the NATO expansion. | 美国官员坚称，这一变化与北约扩张无关。 |
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