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| When Amy Bailey, a communications strategist, read “Lean In” by Sheryl Sandberg, the year was 2013. The #MeToo movement hadn’t yet ballooned, spotlighting the abuses women can face in the workplace. The term #girlboss wasn’t trending. And the question of how Facebook might affect democracy was not front and center. |
| 传播策略师艾米·贝利读到谢丽尔·桑德伯格的《向前一步》(Lean In)是在2013年。当时，突显女性在职场可能面临虐待情况的“#我也是”(#MeToo)运动还没有兴起。“#年轻女老板”(#girlboss)这个标签并不流行。Facebook可能如何影响民主的问题也没有引起关注。 |
| “It gave me this boost of courage,” said Ms. Bailey, 46, who lives in Green Bay, Wis., referring to Ms. Sandberg’s book. “It struck this feminist chord in me — if you just push harder, if you just ask for more, someone will take notice.” |
| “它曾经给了我很大勇气，”46岁、现居威斯康星州格林湾的贝利这样评价桑德伯格的书。“它在我的内心触动了女权主义的共鸣——如果你更努力，如果你要求更多，总会有人注意到。” |
| Nearly a decade later, Ms. Bailey said she had been denied raises, pumped milk in the smoking lounge of her office and cut back on her professional ambitions, recognizing the challenge of balancing her work with motherhood. She has also soured on the Lean In philosophy that taught her that a little grit was all she needed for career success. |
| 近十年后，贝利说，她要求加薪遭到了拒绝，要在办公室的吸烟室抽取母乳，事业抱负也打了折扣，她意识到平衡工作与母职是一种挑战。她也对“向前一步”理念感到厌恶，这种理念告诉她，取得事业成功只需要一点点勇气。 |
| “It’s just not true,” she said. “No one has ever tapped me on the shoulder because I did more and was more prepared.” |
| “事实不是这样，”她说。“从来没有人因为我做得更多、准备得更充分就拍拍我的肩膀表示赞许。” |
| On Wednesday, Ms. Sandberg announced that she was leaving her position as chief operating officer of Facebook’s parent company, Meta — the perch that made her one of the highest-profile women in American business. She had been in the job for five years when she published “Lean In,” and her singular role and success in Silicon Valley helped amplify the book’s message. |
| 周三，桑德伯格宣布她将辞去Facebook母公司Meta的首席运营官一职——这一职位曾使她成为美国商界最引人注目的女性之一。《向前一步》出版时，她已经在这份岗位上工作了五年，她在硅谷的独特角色和成功帮助扩大了这本书要传达的信息。 |
| For many women “Lean In” has been a bible, a road map to corporate life. Many others have come to understand its limits, or to view it as a symbol of what is wrong with applying individual-focused solutions to the systemic issues holding back women in the workplace, especially women of color and low-income women. And Ms. Sandberg’s departure, for all those readers, is a moment to reflect on how “Lean In” shaped their careers. |
| 对许多女性来说，《向前一步》是一本圣经，是职场生活的路线图。但还有一些女性已经开始理解它的局限性，或者把它视为一个象征，表明针对阻碍女性职场发展的系统性问题，采用以个人为中心的解决方案是有问题的，尤其是对于有色人种女性和低收入女性来说。对于所有这些读者而言，桑德伯格离开之际，她们正好可以反思《向前一步》如何塑造了自己的职业生涯。 |
| When “Lean In” came out in 2013, landing on the best-seller list and propelling Ms. Sandberg onto the covers of Time and Fortune, just 4 percent of the chief executives at Fortune 500 companies were women. The book sold over four million copies in five years. The Lean In foundation supported the creation of thousands of Lean In circles where women, especially those at the start of their careers, turned to Ms. Sandberg’s advice as a guide. |
| 2013年，《向前一步》一经出版就登上了畅销书排行榜，桑德伯格也登上了《时代》(Time)和《财富》(Fortune)杂志的封面。当时，《财富》500强公司的首席执行官中只有4%是女性。这本书在五年内卖出了400多万册。“向前一步”基金会支持创建数以千计的“向前一步”互助会，在这些互助会里，女性们将桑德伯格的建议作为指导，尤其是那些职业生涯刚起步的女性。 |
| The book told women to embrace their ambitions, and not to count themselves out because they feared that boardrooms weren’t built for mothers in particular, or for women at all. |
| 这本书告诉女性，要胸怀大志，不要因为担心公司董事会不是专门为母亲设立的，或者根本就不是为女性设立的，就把自己排除在外。 |
| “I still sometimes find myself spoken over and discounted while men sitting next to me are not,” Ms. Sandberg wrote. “But now I know how to take a deep breath and keep my hand up. I have learned to sit at the table.” |
| “有时我仍然会发现自己被人议论、被人轻视，而坐在我旁边的男性却不会遇到这种事，”桑德伯格写道。“但现在我知道如何深呼吸，举起手。我已经学会了如何坐到谈判桌边参与进去。” |
| Her message was clear: Draw up a chair. The text suggested that any reader could accomplish a version of what Ms. Sandberg had — by throwing her shoulders back, asking for a raise, weaning off people-pleasing. |
| 她传达的信息很明确：给自己拉把椅子。这些文字暗示，任何读者都可以实现桑德伯格所拥有的东西——只要她可以挺起胸膛，要求加薪，放弃取悦他人。 |
| Many found themselves inspired. Molly Flanagan, a workplace coach who was a member of a Lean In circle in New York, recalled that reading the book prompted her to take a competitive exam at work. |
| 许多人感觉受到了鼓舞。职场教练莫莉·弗拉纳根是纽约“向前一步”互助会的成员之一。她回忆说，读这本书鼓励她参加了一场竞争激烈的职场考核。 |
| “I was at a point in my career where I was trying to navigate ascending the ranks of my organization,” she said. “Things like claiming my seat at the table were really important developmental pieces for me.” |
| “当时我正处于职业生涯的这样一个阶段，我正努力在公司里寻求晋升，”她说。“对我来说，争取自己的一席之地是非常重要的发展环节。” |
| But it was also eminently clear to many readers of “Lean In” that what had allowed Ms. Sandberg to ascend the corporate world’s ladder went far beyond sheer will. She was a white, Harvard-educated woman, months away from becoming one of the world’s youngest-ever billionaires. |
| 但《向前一步》的许多读者也非常清楚，桑德伯格之所以能在企业界步步高升，绝不仅仅是靠着她的意志。她是一位受过哈佛大学教育的白人女性，几个月后，她就将成为世界上有史以来最年轻的亿万富翁之一。 |
| “It’s hard for Black women to lean in when you’re not even in the room,” said Minda Harts, 40, a consultant and the author of “The Memo: What Women of Color Need to Know to Secure a Seat at the Table.” She recalled feeling frustrated when her white colleagues recommended Ms. Sandberg’s book to her. “I was thinking, there’s no way I could bust into Sergey Brin’s door and tell him, ‘I don’t have a parking spot.’” |
| 现年40岁的顾问敏达·哈茨是《备忘录：有色女性想要在谈判桌上占据一席之地需要知道的事情》(The Memo: What Women of Color Need to Know to Secure a Seat at the Table)一书的作者，她说：“当黑人女性根本连房间都进不去时，向前一步会很难。”她回忆说，当她的白人同事向她推荐桑德伯格的书时，她感到很无力。“我在想，我不可能闯进谢尔盖·布林的办公室告诉他，‘我没有停车位。’” |
| The feminist thinker bell hooks put it bluntly in a 2013 review. “At times Sandberg reminds readers of the old stereotypes about used car salesmen,” Ms. hooks wrote. “She pushes her product and she pushes it well.” |
| 女权主义思想家贝尔·胡克斯在2013年的评论中直言不讳。“有时桑德伯格会令读者想起典型的二手车销售员形象，”胡克斯写道。“她推销她的产品，推销得很好。” |
| And to many women, Ms. Sandberg’s book, with its emphasis on how the individual should change instead of the workplace at large, didn’t just offer unhelpful advice on addressing inequality. It was a fundamental reflection of the problem. |
| 对许多女性来说，桑德伯格的书强调个人应该如何改变自身而不是改变大环境下的工作场所，在解决不平等的问题上，这本书的建议不但没用，还从根本上反映了这一问题。 |
| “Without any structural changes, you are leaning on low-income women of color to support this lean-in fantasy,” said Koa Beck, 35, author of “White Feminism: From the Suffragettes to Influencers and Who They Leave Behind.” |
| “在没有任何结构性变化的情况下，你在依靠低收入有色人种女性来支持这种向前一步的幻想，”35岁的科阿·贝克说，她是《白人女权主义：从妇女参政者到网红以及被他们抛下的人》(White Feminism: From the Suffragettes to Influencers and Who They Leave Behind)一书的作者。 |
| Or, put another way, one corporate lawyer’s ability to hire several nannies so she can work late into the night on her way to partner wasn’t going to address the child care crunch for everyone else. |
| 或者，换一种说法，一名企业律师有能力雇佣多个保姆，这样她就可以工作到深夜，迈向成为合伙人的目标，但这并不能解决其他所有人的托育问题。 |
| Some, especially younger women, were immediate critics of Ms. Sandberg’s book, what the author labeled “sort of a feminist manifesto.” Others sharpened their critiques over time — either as their own life experiences made clear that piping up a little louder in meetings wouldn’t catapult them to the top of a male-dominated corporate sphere, or as they realized whom that strategy would most easily serve. |
| 一些人，尤其是年轻女性，直接批评了桑德伯格的书——作者称其为“某种女权主义宣言”。有的批评随着时间的推移变得越来越尖锐——要么是因为她们自己的生活经验表明，在会议上大声一点不会让她们一跃跳到男性主导的企业领域的顶峰，要么是因为她们意识到这种策略最直接的受益人是谁。 |
| “Society has moved on, we pay a lot more attention now to the structural disadvantages women have — everything from sexual harassment to child care to no national paid maternity leave,” said Katha Pollitt, a feminist columnist, who recalled that many friends, and her own daughter, had found “Lean In” to be full of wise advice when it came out. “People have just moved on from seeing women’s work lives as being determined by their own gumption.” |
| “社会已经向前发展，我们现在更加关注女性的结构性劣势——从性骚扰到育儿，再到没有全国性带薪产假，”女权主义专栏作家卡莎·波利特说，她记得在《向前一步》问世时，很多朋友——包括她自己的女儿——都觉得它给出了许多明智的建议。“人们已经不再认为女性的职场生活取决于她们自己的进取心。” |
| Katherine Goldstein, 38, started a Lean In circle with friends in 2013. Three of its seven members were motivated by the book to ask for raises, and got them. |
| 38岁的凯瑟琳·戈德斯坦于2013年与朋友建立了一个“向前一步”互助会。在七名成员中，有三名受到这本书的激励要求加薪，并如愿以偿。 |
| “It felt like an amazing blueprint for how to think about my life going forward,” said Ms. Goldstein, author of the newsletter The Double Shift. |
| 时事通讯《两班倒》(The Double Shift)的作者戈德斯坦说：“对于如何思考我未来的生活，这感觉它像是一幅了不起的蓝图。” |
| But after Ms. Goldstein gave birth, struggled to parent a child with health problems and subsequently lost her high-profile media job, the book’s advice started to ring hollow. “It’s helpful for me now as an intellectual foil of what I don’t believe anymore and don’t want to be,” she said. |
| 但在当妈妈后，戈德斯坦艰难地抚养一个有健康问题的孩子，随后失去了那份风光的媒体工作，于是这本书的建议开始变得空洞。“它现在的作用是，它以智识映衬着我不再相信的东西和不想再成为的人，”她说。 |
| For all the backlash that “Lean In” eventually sparked, there were millions of women who saw some of their own potential in Ms. Sandberg’s megawatt success. |
| 尽管《向前一步》最终引发了这么多强烈反对，但仍有数百万女性在桑德伯格的巨大成功中看到了自己的一些潜力。 |
| “I always refer to it as a before-after situation,” said Rachel Sklar, an entrepreneur who served on the launch committee that promoted “Lean In” before its release. “It became a shorthand for a problem that had previously been known about and not named.” |
| “我总是把它称为之前—之后的情况，”曾在《向前一步》发行前的推广委员会任职的创业者雷切尔·斯克拉说。“它成为了一个人们过去知道但未命名的问题的简写。” |
| To Ms. Sklar, some of the criticism aimed at Ms. Sandberg since her book’s publication has felt excessive. “Male business leaders write books all the time, and they just fly under the radar on how their books stand the test of time,” Ms. Sklar said. |
| 对于斯克拉来说，自从桑德伯格的书出版以来，一些针对她的批评感觉有些过分了。“那么多男性商界领袖都在写书，至于这些书是否经得住时间的考验，他们避开了人们的注意，”斯克拉说。 |
| And Ms. Sandberg faced even greater scrutiny as public perception of her company dimmed. When Facebook came under fire for its role in the spread of misinformation during the 2016 election, some of the public’s ire was directed toward Ms. Sandberg, who was responsible for the policy and security team. In 2018, she was faulted for some of the fallout from the data breach scandal involving Cambridge Analytica. On top of that has come research indicating that Instagram, which Meta owns, has had toxic effects on the mental health of teenage girls. Some felt that Ms. Sandberg’s public message remained too focused on individual ambition and achievement, and not on the social value of the company she was leading. |
| 随着公众对她的公司越来越失望，桑德伯格面临着更严格的审视。Facebook因在2016年大选期间传播虚假信息而受到抨击，一些公众的愤怒指向了负责政策和安全团队的桑德伯格。2018年，她因涉及剑桥分析公司的数据泄露丑闻的一些后果而受到指责。除此之外，研究表明Meta拥有的Instagram对青少年女孩的心理健康产生了有害影响。一些人认为，桑德伯格传达给公众的信息仍然过于关注个人抱负和成就，而不是她所领导的公司的社会价值。 |
| “Not everything should be leaned into,” said Rosa Brooks, 51, a professor at Georgetown University’s law school, adding that Ms. Sandberg’s leadership tenure raised deeper questions about her workplace philosophy. “It’s not just ‘How do I succeed on the terms of the workplace?’ but ‘How do I change the workplace, and make it a force for good?’” |
| 乔治城大学法学院教授、现年51岁的罗莎·布鲁克斯说：“并非所有事情都需要向前一步。”她还说，桑德伯格担任领导者的这段时间让人对她的职场哲学产生了更深的质疑。“这不仅仅是‘我如何在职场的规则下取得成功？’而是‘我要如何改变职场，让它从今往后成为一种向善的力量？’” |
| Last month, when a draft ruling revealed the Supreme Court’s intent to overturn Roe v. Wade, Ms. Sandberg put out a statement mourning the loss of women’s abortion access. |
| 上个月，当一项裁决草案显示最高法院打算推翻罗诉韦德案时，桑德伯格发表了一份声明，哀悼女性失去堕胎的机会。 |
| “This is a scary day for women all across our country,” Ms. Sandberg wrote on Facebook. “Every woman, no matter where she lives, must be free to choose whether and when she becomes a mother.” |
| “这对我们全国的女性来说都是可怕的一天，”桑德伯格在Facebook上写道。“每个女性，无论她生活在哪里，都必须拥有选择是否以及何时成为母亲的自由。” |
| To some women, the post was another sign that Ms. Sandberg’s personal philosophy would have limited impact, and that a focus on broader scale policy change was more urgently needed. There was no statement of support for abortion access from Ms. Sandberg’s company. In fact, weeks later, a recording obtained by The Verge revealed that a Meta executive had told employees not to talk about abortion on the company’s internal platform, called Workplace, because of the topic’s divisive nature. Meta did not respond to a request for comment. |
| 对一些女性来说，这个帖子再次表明桑德伯格的个人哲学影响有限，而且人们迫切需要关注更广泛的政策变革。桑德伯格的公司没有声明支持堕胎。事实上，几周后，The Verge获得的一段录音显示，一位Meta高管告诉员工不要在公司的内部平台Workplace上谈论堕胎，因为该话题会导致对立。Meta没有回应置评请求。 |
| For a decade, Ms. Sandberg’s approach to gender in the workplace influenced both her proponents and critics. |
| 十年来，桑德伯格对职场性别问题的态度既影响了她的支持者，也影响了她的批评者。 |
| Ms. Harts, the workplace consultant, was galvanized by Ms. Sandberg’s writing. She decided to create a playbook for women like herself who didn’t see themselves in “Lean In.” Seven years ago Ms. Harts founded The Memo, a career development organization supporting women of color. Since then she has received an outpouring of emails, including from Black women working at Meta, thanking her for advice that felt more relevant to their lives. |
| 桑德伯格的文章激发了职场顾问哈茨的兴趣。她决定为像她这样没有在《向前一步》中找到共鸣的女性创作一本策略书。七年前，哈茨创立了“备忘录”(The Memo)，这是一个支持有色女性职业发展的组织。从那以后，她收到了大量的电子邮件，其中包括在Meta工作的黑人女性，感谢她提供的建议，这些建议更贴近她们的生活。 |
| “The idea that you could work the hardest and get ahead is not always the same for women of color,” Ms. Harts said. |
| “你可以奋力拼搏并取得成功的想法，对于有色女性来说并不一定是这样，”哈茨说。 |
| And now, even Ms. Sandberg is hitting pause. In a Facebook post on Wednesday announcing her resignation, she said her next period would include getting married this summer and focusing on her children, philanthropy and other pursuits that perhaps aren’t as carefully charted as the previous chapters of her career. |
| 而现在，就连桑德伯格也按下了暂停键。在周三宣布辞职的Facebook帖子中，她说她的下一个阶段将包括在今年夏天结婚并专注于她的孩子、慈善事业和其他追求，这些追求可能不会像她职业生涯的前几章那样精心安排。 |
| “I am not entirely sure what the future will bring,” she wrote. “I have learned no one ever is.” |
| “我不完全确定未来会怎样，”她写道。“我知道每个人都是这样。” |
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