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| ROTTACH-EGERN, Germany — Nestled among snow-capped mountains an hour’s drive south of Munich, the villages around the Alpine lake of Tegernsee have been a playground of the superrich for centuries — whether Bavarian kings, Russian czars, Nazi elites or pop stars. |
| 德国罗塔赫-埃根——阿尔卑斯的泰根湖坐落于白雪皑皑的群山之中，距离慕尼黑以南一小时车程，几个世纪以来，它周围的村庄一直是超级富豪的游乐场——无论是巴伐利亚国王、俄罗斯沙皇、纳粹权贵还是流行歌星。 |
| They have been drawn not just by the pristine views, but also by the cozy air of discretion that in more recent years has made the area a favorite destination for Russian oligarchs, too. |
| 吸引他们的不仅是那里的湖光山色，还有舒适的隐匿氛围，近年来，这种氛围也使该地区成为俄罗斯寡头们最喜欢的地方。 |
| “This valley has been a hideaway not only for the rich, but for the very opaque. It is a long tradition,” said Martin Calsow, an author of German crime novels, who lives in Tegernsee and sets many of his stories there. “We live off them, they are the source of our wealth, and as long as we don’t mention it, everybody can prosper. It’s like a silent contract.” |
| “这个山谷不仅是富人的藏身之处，也让那些非常见不得光的人可以躲藏。这是一个悠久的传统，”住在泰根湖的德国犯罪小说作家马丁·卡尔索说，他的很多故事都以那里为背景。“我们靠他们生活，他们是我们的财富来源，只要我们不提，每个人都有好处。这就像一份无声的契约。” |
| But Russia’s war in Ukraine — and the sanctions targeting Russian elites in response — have roiled the placid waters of Tegernsee, upsetting the calm veneer with nagging questions about whether it is right anymore to look the other way from the sources of wealth of those the area has hosted. |
| 但俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争以及针对俄罗斯精英的制裁搅乱了泰根湖平静的水面，平静的外表被打乱了，人们开始怀疑，对该地区所接纳者的财富来源视而不见是否依然正确。 |
| At least, that is the intention of Thomas Tomaschek, a Green politician who sits on the council for Rottach-Egern, a village on the Tegernsee where some prominent Russian oligarchs maintain their lakeside hideaways. |
| 至少，这是绿党政治人士托马斯·托马谢克的意图，他是泰根湖畔罗塔赫-埃根村的议会成员，一些著名的俄罗斯寡头在这里拥有藏身之处。 |
| Mr. Tomaschek has done an unusual thing in these parts: challenging the local complacency by pushing the federal government to seize or freeze assets — no easy task given the financial shields that are as much a part of the superrich lifestyle as the neon-colored Lamborghinis that speed along the mountain roads. |
| 托马谢克在这些地方做了一件不寻常的事情：通过推动联邦政府查封或冻结资产来挑战当地安于现状的情绪——鉴于财务屏障和当地山路上飞驰的荧光色兰博基尼一样，都是超级富豪生活方式的一部分，他做的事情并不轻松。 |
| “We have a moral problem here with these oligarchs,” Mr. Tomaschek said. “Many tell me, ‘Don’t make noise, it’s not our business.’ Well, I think it is our business.” |
| “我们这里有一个关于这些寡头的道德问题，”托马谢克说。“很多人告诉我，‘不要制造噪音，这跟我们没关系。’嗯，我觉得这跟我们有关系。” |
| He has taken aim, in particular, at Alisher Usmanov, an Uzbek-born tycoon and ally of the Russian president, Vladimir V. Putin. Mr. Usmanov made his fortune through metal and mining operations and owns three villas on the lake. |
| 他尤其盯上了阿利舍尔·乌斯马诺夫。乌斯马诺夫出生在乌兹别克斯坦，是俄罗斯总统普京的盟友，他通过金属和采矿业务发家，在湖边拥有三座别墅。 |
| Nearby is a sprawling hillside estate tied to Ivan Shabalov, a Russian pipeline magnate. He has not had sanctions imposed against him, but some question how he made his billions because his company works with the Kremlin-controlled energy giant Gazprom. |
| 附近还有一处与俄罗斯管道巨头伊万·沙巴洛夫有关的庄园，坐落在广阔的山坡上。沙巴洛夫还没有受到制裁，但一些人质疑他是如何获得数十亿家产的，因为他的公司与克里姆林宫控制的能源巨头俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司合作。 |
| The doubts in Tegernsee reflect a similar soul searching at a national level. The decision to freeze the Nord Stream 2 pipeline between Germany and Russia symbolized how politicians and businesspeople have been forced to acknowledge that their motto of “change through trade” has not moderated Moscow’s approach but rather compromised their own reputations. |
| 泰根湖的疑虑反映了国家层面类似的反思。冻结德国和俄罗斯之间的北溪二号管道的决定标志着政界和商界人士被迫承认，他们“通过贸易进行改变”的座右铭，不但没有缓和莫斯科的做法，反而损害了他们自己的声誉。 |
| But the arguments in Tegernsee show that despite the government’s change in stance, some who profited from ties to Moscow’s elite still seem intent to wait out the current furor and quietly return to business as usual. |
| 但人们在泰根湖的争论表明，尽管政府改变了立场，但一些从与莫斯科精英的关系中获利的人似乎仍打算等待当前的骚动结束，然后悄悄地恢复如常。 |
| Mr. Usmanov, who locals say visited at least three times a year, was staying at Tegernsee when he was added to the European Union’s sanctions list in February. |
| 当地人说，乌斯马诺夫每年来泰根湖至少三次，2月被列入欧盟制裁名单时，他就在这里。 |
| Nonetheless, his private jet was able to depart from Munich several hours later. Airport officials told local news media that the plane was registered to a company in the Isle of Man, not to Mr. Usmanov himself, and that none of the passengers had used Russian passports. |
| 尽管如此，他的私人飞机还是能够在几小时后离开慕尼黑。机场官员告诉当地新闻媒体，这架飞机在曼岛的一家公司名下，而非乌斯马诺夫本人，而且所有乘客都没有使用俄罗斯护照。 |
| “That shows that the authorities were asleep,” Mr. Tomaschek said. |
| “这表明当局麻痹大意，”托马谢克说。 |
| Mr. Usmanov’s press team, in response to queries from The New York Times, said the properties in question had been transferred to a trust years ago in a “fully transparent and legal” fashion. Mr. Usmanov had nothing to do with the Ukraine crisis and was not close to Mr. Putin, the team added. |
| 乌斯马诺夫的公关团队在回应《纽约时报》的询问时表示，这些财产早在几年前就以“完全透明和合法”的方式转移到了一家信托机构。他们还说，乌斯马诺夫与乌克兰危机无关，并且与普京的关系不近。 |
| “Demands for the expropriation of someone else’s legally acquired property is legal nihilism in its purest form,” the press team said, noting that Rottach-Egern had “a special place in his heart.” |
| “要求没收他人合法获得的财产是最纯粹的法律虚无主义，”该团队说，并指出罗塔赫-埃根“在他心中是个特殊的地方”。 |
| Mr. Tomaschek disagrees and compares Germany’s response unfavorably with that of Italy, where the authorities deployed anti-mafia laws to identify and seize oligarch yachts and villas relatively quickly. |
| 托马谢克不同意这种说法，并与意大利的反应进行比较，显示出了德国的不足。意大利当局使用了反黑手党法律，以相对较快地识别和扣押寡头游艇和别墅。 |
| In recent weeks, Germany has been trying to shore up its legal framework, spearheaded by a new task force. But it could still take months — potentially providing time to move or hide assets. |
| 最近几周，德国一直在努力巩固其法律框架，这项工作由一个新的工作组牵头。但这仍可能需要几个月——可能会为转移或隐藏资产提供时间。 |
| In late March, Mr. Tomaschek organized a protest outside the Usmanov villas. Some 300 people turned up, shocking many in the usually sleepy Bavarian district. |
| 3月下旬，托马谢克在乌斯马诺夫别墅外组织了一场抗议活动。大约300人到场，使往日宁静的巴伐利亚地区的许多人感到震惊。 |
| “You don’t protest in Tegernsee. That takes a lot, quite a lot indeed,” said Josef Bogner, the owner of the Voitlhof, an upscale Bavarian restaurant in Rottach-Egern. |
| “你不会在泰根湖抗议。这不容易做到，真的很难，”罗塔赫-埃根的高档巴伐利亚餐厅Voitlhof的老板约瑟夫·博格纳说。 |
| “It has something to do with these mountains,” he added. “Your view out to the world is narrow.” |
| “与这里的山有关，”他补充道。“你对世界的看法是狭窄的。” |
| The mayor of Rottach-Egern tried to dissuade Mr. Tomaschek from staging the protest, calling it a “witch hunt,” a phrase he repeated on television. Nor was the plan popular with others on the council — one of whom worked as an architect for Mr. Usmanov. |
| 罗塔赫-埃根市长试图劝阻托马谢克不要举行抗议活动，称这是在“猎巫”，他也在电视上说了这句话。该计划也不受市议会其他成员的欢迎——其中一位曾是乌斯马诺夫的建筑师。 |
| Since then, Mr. Tomaschek said that he had regularly received hate mail and angry phone calls, and had been accused of being a troublemaker or a “Nazi pig.” |
| 从那以后，托马谢克说他经常收到仇恨邮件和愤怒的电话，并被指责为麻烦制造者或“纳粹猪”。 |
| So has Christina Häussinger, the editor of the Tegernseerstimme, a local newspaper. As she strolled the streets trying to interview locals one recent afternoon, many refused. “You bring shame and trouble here,” one man grumbled. |
| 当地报纸《泰根湖之声》的编辑克里斯蒂娜·豪辛格也遭遇了类似的对待。最近的一个下午，当她走在街上试图采访当地人时，许多人拒绝了。“你给这里带来了耻辱和麻烦，”一个男人抱怨道。 |
| Ms. Häussinger’s newspaper regularly investigates the properties of oligarchs and other superrich residents. |
| 豪辛格的报纸时常调查寡头和其他超级富豪的财产。 |
| “We live in an idyll, which most people here only want to have affirmed, not questioned,” she said. |
| “我们生活在田园诗般的环境中，这里的大多数人只想确认而不是质疑这一点，”她说。 |
| One reader who dislikes her articles is Andreas Kitzerow, a local craftsman renovating the Usmanov villas. |
| 读者安德烈亚斯·基泽罗不喜欢她的文章。他是一名当地工匠，正在翻修乌斯马诺夫的别墅。 |
| “I just find it outrageous. He has always been reserved, and he has nothing to do with the war in any way, as far as I can tell,” Mr. Kitzerow said of Mr. Usmanov. “But they think just because he knows Putin or because he’s Russian, they can do this. You shouldn’t pass judgment.” |
| “我觉得这真的太离谱了。他一直很有保留，据我所知，他与战争毫无关系，”基泽罗谈到乌斯马诺夫时说。“但他们认为仅仅因为他认识普京或者因为他是俄罗斯人，他们就可以做这样的事。不应该这样给人扣帽子。” |
| Mr. Kitzerow said that he and other workers were owed about a million dollars for work that the oligarch cannot pay now because of sanctions. |
| 基泽罗说，由于制裁，寡头现在无法支付工资，他和其他工人被拖欠了大约100万美元。 |
| Tegernsee’s roots as a glamorous getaway started with the Bavarian king Maximilian I Josef. He invited Czar Nicholas I of Russia to visit in 1837. |
| 早在巴伐利亚国王马克西米利安一世的时候，泰根湖就是一处迷人的度假胜地了。1837年，这位国王邀请俄国沙皇尼古拉一世来到这里。 |
| It was also a favorite of the SS officer Karl Wolff, Himmler’s chief of staff and a liaison to Hitler, who often hosted guests there. The property used to entertain Nazi elites is the villa said to be Mr. Usmanov’s favorite today. |
| 泰根湖还是希姆莱的幕僚长、负责与希特勒联络的党卫军军官卡尔·沃尔夫的最爱，经常在这里招待客人。纳粹权贵们用于享乐的那处产业，据说正是乌斯马诺夫如今最喜爱的别墅。 |
| The international superrich arrived in the 2000s, with the opening of the Hotel Überfahrt, a lakeside “five star plus” hotel with a gold fountain. |
| 这位国际巨富于21世纪初来到这里，拥有纯金喷泉的“超五星级”厄贝法赫特湖景酒店也于此时开张。 |
| Mr. Usmanov, a former competitive fencer, is said by locals to have asked waiters to open champagne bottles with sabers at parties he hosted there. |
| 乌斯马诺夫曾是一名优秀的击剑运动员，据当地人说，他曾在泰根湖举办的派对上要求服务生用佩剑打开香槟瓶。 |
| Some residents say that critics like Ms. Häussinger represent a silent majority ignored by politicians and businesspeople who benefit even as locals are pushed out by ever-higher prices. |
| 一些居民说，豪辛格这样的批评人士代表了被政客和商人忽视的沉默多数，政客和商人受益，当地人却因于不断上涨的房价被赶走。 |
| A few weeks after Mr. Usmanov’s departure from Tegernsee, two of his neighbors noticed a pair of luxury cars in the parking garage of a building where Mr. Usmanov’s bodyguards lived. |
| 在乌斯马诺夫离开泰根湖的几周后，两名邻居发现他保镖住处的停车场里停放了两辆豪车。 |
| The residents asked not to be identified because they feared reprisals. But they said that they had repeatedly asked officials to check the vehicles in case they could be seized under sanctions. |
| 由于担心遭到报复，那两名邻居要求不具名。但他们声称已经多次要求官员去检查车辆，看是否符合制裁扣押的范围。 |
| After a journalist caught wind and published photographs of the cars, they disappeared. Mr. Usmanov’s neighbors said that they had witnessed one of the bodyguards absconding with the vehicles. |
| 当一名记者收到消息并公布了汽车的照片后，车突然不见了。乌斯马诺夫的邻居们说，他们见到其中一名保镖悄悄驾车离开了。 |
| Even if investigators had tried to seize the cars, they might have struggled. Assets reputedly owned by Mr. Usmanov and Mr. Shabalov — as is common with the superrich — are hard to trace through shell companies and relatives who own them on paper. |
| 即便调查人员试图扣押车辆，也可能遇到困难。由于空壳公司和亲属的名义代持——这是超级富豪的惯常手段——乌斯马诺夫和沙巴洛夫据称拥有的资产都很难追踪。 |
| Germany’s current laws do not help: Not all of the authorities responsible for tracking assets have access to the country’s transparency registry. Nor is it clear, in many cases, which government body is responsible for what. |
| 德国目前的法律也起不到约束作用：并不是所有负责资产追查的政府部门都有权使用该国的透明登记系统。在很多情况下，也不清楚哪个政府机构究竟负责什么工作。 |
| “Germany really lagged behind on these laws on an international level,” said Konrad Duffy, an official with the independent watchdog Finanzwende. “And the only explanation for that is a feeling here that as long as it does us good, that’s good for Germany.” |
| “与国际相比，德国在这些法律上确实比较落后，”独立监管机构金融转型(Finanzwende)的官员康拉德·达菲说。“对此唯一的解释是，大家都觉得只要是有利于我们的，也就有利于德国。” |
| As the war in Ukraine drags on, the Tegernsee villas remain shuttered and untouched. Some worry momentum to take action is flagging because that is how local leaders like it. |
| 随着乌克兰战争的持续，泰根湖的别墅仍处于封闭状态，无人踏足。一些人担心行动的势头正在减弱，因为这是当地领导人想要的效果。 |
| Mr. Tomaschek is not planning any more protests. “We sent a message,” he said. “We did what we could. Now the state has to take action.” |
| 托马谢克不打算再进行抗议了。“我们已经表明了态度，”他说。“我们尽到了自己的努力。现在，该轮到国家采取行动了。” |
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