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| One essential ingredient for Amazon’s success is the explosion of businesses based in China that sell products through its vast digital mall. |
| 亚马逊成功的一个重要因素是，在中国庞大的数字商城销售产品的商户激增。 |
| But starting more than a year ago, Chinese businesses have steadily been selling a smaller share of stuff that Americans buy on Amazon. Merchants based in the U.S. are gaining ground. |
| 但从一年多前起，中国商户在亚马逊上向美国人销售的商品份额一直在稳步下降。美国本土商户的销售份额却正在走高。 |
| Experts told me that they didn’t have a satisfying explanation for this shifting balance of Amazon merchants in the U.S. and China. Nor could they say whether it’s a blip or a lasting reversal of what had been a long trend of growing market share for Chinese merchants. |
| 专家告诉我，对于亚马逊上美中商户销售份额的变化，他们没有一个令人满意的解释。他们也说不清这是暂时的现象，还是中国卖家在亚马逊上的市场份额长期增长的持久逆转。 |
| At the moment, most shoppers wouldn’t notice that Chinese merchants are selling relatively less stuff on Amazon. And the change may be another example of unpredictable shifts in shopping prompted by the pandemic. |
| 目前，大多数购物者还没有注意到中国商户在亚马逊上卖的东西相对在减少。这种变化也许是新冠病毒大流行导致购物行为发生不可预测转变的又一个例子。 |
| But Amazon’s aggressive effort to court Chinese merchants over the past half decade led to a profound and trendsetting change in online retail and the global economy. If that phenomenon has lost steam, it is worth watching for what it might mean for shoppers, international trade and the millions of businesses that earn their livelihood from selling on Amazon and elsewhere online. |
| 但亚马逊在过去五年里积极争取中国卖家的努力导致网上零售和全球经济发生了深刻的、引领趋势的变化。如果这个现象的声势在逐渐减小的话，那么值得注意的是，它对购物者、国际贸易，以及数百万通过在亚马逊和其他在线平台上销售商品谋生的企业可能会意味着什么。 |
| I’ll step back to explain how Amazon works: The company operates partly like a conventional store that resells products bought from manufacturers and partly like eBay. More than half of the products sold on Amazon come from this eBay-like approach of independent businesses that list their products alongside those that Amazon sells. When we buy a child’s game or a phone charger on Amazon, odds are that it actually came from a Texas toy company or a large Chinese electronics conglomerate. |
| 让我退一步来解释一下亚马逊的运作方式：其运作部分像传统商店（商家在亚马逊上销售从制造商那里批发购来的产品），部分像eBay。亚马逊上销售的产品中有一半以上来自eBay那样的销售，即独立的商家把自己的产品和亚马逊卖的产品一起放在平台上销售。人们在亚马逊上购买儿童游戏或手机充电器时，该商品很有可能实际上来自一家得克萨斯州的玩具公司或一家大型中国电子企业集团。 |
| Starting around 2015, Amazon made it far easier for merchants based in China to list products for sale. This has been copied by other retailers including Walmart and the Chinese clothing company Shein, and it has transformed the experience of shopping online — in both good and bad ways. |
| 从大约2015年起，亚马逊让中国卖家在其平台上销售商品变得更容易了。这个做法已被包括沃尔玛和中国服装品牌Shein在内的其他零售商效仿，让网上购物体验发生了或好或坏的变化。 |
| Chinese merchants have been a source of Amazon’s power and among the company’s biggest headaches. They are a big reason you can find almost any product on Amazon, and they have probably helped lower prices for shoppers. But Amazon’s critics also say that the company hasn’t done enough to protect shoppers from dangerous or subpar products and from manipulated customer reviews from Chinese sellers that may be out of the reach of U.S. consumer protection laws. |
| 中国商家一直是亚马逊占据支配地位的其中一个原因，也是最让亚马逊头疼的问题之一。中国商家是人们能在亚马逊上找到几乎所有产品的一个重要因素，它们很可能帮助降低了购物者看到的价格。但亚马逊的批评者也说，亚马逊在打击危险或劣质产品以及中国卖家操纵客户评论方面做得不够，美国消费者保护法对中国商家来说可能是鞭长莫及。 |
| Over the past few years, Chinese merchants sold a growing percentage of what Americans bought on Amazon until there was a roughly 50-50 split between sellers based in the U.S. and China. The percentage sold by Chinese merchants, however, has declined to about 42 percent in May from about 48 percent in late 2020, according to the e-commerce research firm Marketplace Pulse. |
| 在过去几年里，中国商家在亚马逊上卖给美国人的商品一直在增长，直到美国本土的商家与中国商家的商品销售额比例达到了大约五五开。但据电子商务研究公司Marketplace Pulse的数据，中国商家的销售额比例已从2020年底的约48%下降到了今年5月的约42%。 |
| Merchants based in the U.S. are capturing a bigger chunk of sales instead. Domestic Amazon merchants have also been selling more relative to Chinese merchants in Britain and Germany. (An Amazon spokesman declined to comment on the changing mix of Chinese and domestic merchants.) |
| 美国本土商家正在亚马逊上占据更大的销售份额。在英国和德国，本土的亚马逊商户也超过了中国商户。（亚马逊发言人拒绝就中国商家和美国本土商家销售额的变化发表评论。） |
| I asked Juozas Kaziukėnas, the founder of Marketplace Pulse, whether this shift away from Chinese merchants was caused by temporary closures of factories in China related to the pandemic and the increased costs and complexity of shipping products from Asia. He said probably not. Most merchants based in the U.S. buy and ship from manufacturers in China or elsewhere in Asia, too. |
| 我问Marketplace Pulse的创始人尤奧扎斯·卡茲克纳斯，中国商家在亚马逊上销售额减少是否与新冠病毒大流行导致中国工厂暂时停工，以及从亚洲运输产品的成本和复杂性增加有关。他说不太可能。美国本土的大多数商家也从中国或亚洲其他地方的制造商那里购买产品，也需要把产品运到美国。 |
| Kaziukėnas said that it’s difficult to know exactly what caused the change, but some merchants have been frustrated with the increasing costs and Byzantine rules on Amazon. There have been news reports from China of product sellers hoping to find websites other than Amazon to sell their goods to the world. Those gripes about the downsides of selling on Amazon are definitely not new, however, and are commonly expressed by merchants outside China, too. |
| 卡茲克纳斯说，很难搞清楚究竟是什么原因导致了这一变化，但一些商家对亚马逊上不断增加的成本和错综复杂的规则感到失望。有来自中国的报道称，产品卖家希望找到亚马逊以外的网站来向世界销售他们的产品。然而，这些对在亚马逊上卖东西不容易的抱怨绝不是什么新鲜事，中国以外的商家也经常有这种抱怨。 |
| Yaniv Sarig, the chief executive of Aterian, a U.S.-based merchant that sells products on Amazon, is among the e-commerce experts who believe that some Chinese businesses may have gravitated away from Amazon because they were spooked by the company’s crackdown last year on some merchants based in China, apparently for manipulating customer reviews. |
| Aterian是一家在亚马逊上销售产品的美国本土电商，其首席执行官亚尼夫·沙里格和其他电子商务专家认为，有些中国商家可能已在远离亚马逊，因为亚马逊去年打击一些以中国为基地的商户的做法把它们吓到了（似乎是因为那些卖家操纵顾客评论）。 |
| The shake-up of Amazon’s marketplace could be an opportunity for merchants based in the U.S., including those like Molson Hart, the Texas toy seller I wrote about last year, who believes that U.S. laws and policies give an unfair advantage to online product sellers from China. |
| 亚马逊上的市场份额变化对美国本土商家来说可能是个机会，包括对得克萨斯州的玩具销售商莫尔森·哈特来说，我曾在去年写过他，他认为，美国的法律和政策让来自中国的卖家有不公平的优势。 |
| Finding out that the sales mix of Chinese and domestic merchants has been shifting for a year left me with burning questions: If the flourishing of product sellers from China was a profound change in online shopping, why has it seemingly not affected shoppers when the trend reversed? |
| 发现中国卖家和美国本土卖家在亚马逊上的销售额一年来发生了变化让我有了一个迫切的问题：如果说，来自中国的商品卖家激增是网上购物的一个深刻变化，当这个趋势出现逆转时，为什么购物者似乎没有受影响呢？ |
| I wondered if we overstated the benefits of opening Amazon to millions of product sellers. Maybe having 20,000 choices of blenders on one site doesn’t really help anyone. |
| 我想知道，我们是否夸大了让数百万个产品卖家在亚马逊上进行销售的好处。也许，一个网站上有两万种食物搅拌器并没有多大用处。 |
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