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| Clara Xie had long wondered whether she might leave China one day. She chafed at the country’s censorship regime, and as a lesbian, she wanted to live in a country more accepting of same-sex relationships. Still, the idea felt distant — she was young, and didn’t even know which country she would choose. | 克莱拉·谢对将来某天是否要离开中国考虑已久。她对中国的审查制度感到恼火，而且作为一名女同性恋者，希望生活在一个更接受同性关系的国家里。尽管如此，这个想法感觉很遥远——她还年轻，就连选择去哪个国家也没想好。 |
| The coronavirus, and China’s stringent efforts to stop it, thrust the question to the front of her mind. Two years of travel restrictions have made it impossible for Ms. Xie, 25, to see her girlfriend, who lives in the United States. When Shanghai locked down in March, her work as a model, much of which was based there, dried up. | 新冠病毒以及中国为阻止病毒传播而采取的严格措施让她脑子里的这个想法成为了当务之急。两年的旅行限制使得现年25岁的谢女士无法去见生活在美国的女友。身为模特的她，在今年3月上海封城后就无工可做，因为这份工作主要是在上海。 |
| She is now working with an immigration lawyer to explore her options for leaving. | 她目前正在跟移民律师一起研究离开的选择。 |
| Ms. Xie is among a small but growing group of Chinese who are looking to the exits as China’s pandemic controls drag into their third year. Many are middle-class or wealthy Shanghai residents who have been trapped for nearly two months by a citywide lockdown that has battered the economy and limited access to food and medicine. Some, like Ms. Xie, have ties overseas and worry that China’s door to the world is closing. Others are disheartened by heightened government censorship and surveillance, which the pandemic has aggravated. | 随着中国的疫情防控进入第三个年头，一群规模不大但人数越来越多的中国人正在寻找离开该国，谢女士成为了其中一员。他们大多是中产阶级或被大规模封控困在上海近两个月的富裕人口，封控严重打击了经济，而且使得食品供应和就医都成问题。一些像谢女士这样与海外有联系的人担心，中国向世界敞开的大门正在关闭。还有些人则对政府加强审查和监控感到沮丧，新冠病毒大流行已让这个问题恶化。 |
| “I can’t change or condemn the current situation in China,” said Ms. Xie, who lives in Jiangsu Province, bordering Shanghai. “And if you can’t change it, all you can do is run.” | “国内现在这个状况，我没有办法改变他，我也不好谴责它什么，”住在江苏的谢女士说道。“不改变就只能逃跑。” |
| The urge to leave contrasts with the authorities’ triumphant narrative of the pandemic, which says that their rigid controls have made China the only safe haven in a world devastated by the virus. It is another sign that the government’s zero Covid strategy is coming at an increasingly high cost. | 这种离开的冲动与中国当局的抗疫必胜叙事形成鲜明对照。当局称，严格防控让中国成为全球唯一安全的地方，其他地方都已被新冠病毒摧毁。这种冲动也是中国政府清零策略代价越来越高的又一迹象。 |
| Online searches for “emigration” increased by 440 percent last month, according to one tracker. Some internet users have even coined a trending term for the mindset: “run philosophy.” Immigration consultants say inquiries about leaving China have surged since the Shanghai lockdown. | 据一个追踪机构，“移民”一词的搜索量上个月增加了440%。一些网上用户甚至为这种心态造了一个流行词：“润学”。移民顾问说，自上海封控以来，相关咨询一路激增。 |
| “A doubling, for sure,” said Edward Lehman, a lawyer based in Shanghai who offers immigration services. | “肯定翻了一番，”现居上海的移民律师爱德华·雷曼说。 |
| The true number of people who will actually try to leave is unclear. Only about 10 percent of Chinese had passports in 2019. The United States has also made it harder for some Chinese students to apply for visas, citing national security concerns. | 实际上将离开的人数无从可知。2019年的数据显示，只有大约10%的中国人持有护照。美国也已以国家安全为由加大了某些中国学生申请签证的难度。 |
| The Chinese authorities are also clamping down on departures. Last week, China’s immigration administration said that it would “strictly restrict nonessential exit activities by Chinese citizens.” It described the move as pandemic-related, to reduce imported infections, but some Chinese social media users saw the measures as aimed at preventing a brain drain. | 中国当局也在限制出境。中国移民管理局上周表示，将“从严限制中国公民的非必要出境活动”，称此举与疫情有关，是为了减少输入性感染，但一些中国社交媒体用户认为这其实是为了防止人才外流。 |
| The government had already announced last year that it would not renew or issue most ordinary passports, except for business, study abroad or emergencies. The number of passports issued in the first half of 2021 was 2 percent of the same period in 2019, according to the national immigration administration. In at least one city, Leiyang, in Hunan Province, the authorities collected residents’ passports to prevent them from leaving, though an official reached by phone this week said that policy was no longer in effect. | 政府去年宣布，除商务、出国留学或紧急情况外，暂不签发或换发大多数普通护照。据国家移民管理局的数字，2021年上半年签发的护照数量是2019年同期的2%。至少在一个城市（湖南省耒阳市），当局为防止居民离境将他们的护照收走，尽管本周通过电话联系到的一名当地官员表示，该政策已被叫停。 |
| Some Chinese nationals want to leave because of a sense that the country’s restrictions have put it increasingly out of step with the rest of the world. | 一些人想离开是因为他们意识到，中国的抗疫限制措施已让中国与世界其他国家的步调越来越不一致。 |
| “I feel like they don’t really care how much people have been through,” said Cherry Burton, 29, a Chinese citizen from Shanghai who took her American husband’s last name. “It’s all about zero Covid.” Because of Shanghai’s lockdown, she and her husband have not left their apartment since April 1. Now they plan to leave the country as soon as the lockdown lifts and she can complete her application for a visa to the United States. | “我觉得他们并不真正关心老百姓经历的事情，”29岁的上海人谢莉·伯顿说道。她是中国公民，婚后随了美国丈夫的姓。“他们只关心清零。”由于上海的封控，她和丈夫自4月1日以来一直没离开过家。现在，他们打算封控解除后，一旦她拿到美国签证，就马上离开中国。 |
| The frustration is not limited to Shanghai. People in other cities have worried that similar lockdowns could soon hit them, or are feeling the economic pinch of the country’s lockdowns. | 反感情绪并不只限于上海。其他城市的居民担心，类似的封控措施不久会让他们陷入困境，也有些人正在感受到国内封控带来的经济压力。 |
| Jason Xia, 51, who runs a decorating business in the city of Nanjing, used to travel to other provinces regularly for work. But he has been unable to do so for weeks because of travel restrictions across the country that grew from the Shanghai lockdown. This month, he joined his wife and two children in Malta, where the family had earlier applied for residency. | 51岁的贾森·夏在南京从事装修生意，过去经常去各省出差。但由于上海的封控导致了全国各地出台旅行限制，他已连续数周无法在国内出差。本月，他去了马耳他与住在那里的妻子和两个孩子团聚，他全家在早些时候申请了那里的居留权。 |
| “Everyone knows the situation in China right now: You basically can’t do anything,” he said. | “国内现在这种情况大家都知道，绝大部分事情没什么事可以干，”他说。 |
| Mr. Xia had initially planned to split time between the two countries to keep running his business, but now is hesitant to return to China until the lockdowns loosen. Leaving seemed urgent because his passport was set to expire within a year, and he feared that Chinese officials at home would refuse to renew it, but hoped those in Malta might be more willing. | 夏先生最初曾打算在中国与马耳他之间两头跑，以便继续经营生意，但现在他不愿在封控措施放松前回国。因为他的护照将在一年内到期，离开对他来说似乎很急迫，他担心国内官员会拒绝换发护照，但希望中国驻马耳他领馆的官员可能会更愿意。 |
| To circumvent immigration officials’ limits on issuing passports except for work or study, some Chinese have bought fake foreign job offers or school acceptance letters, according to Sixth Tone, a state-run news outlet based in Shanghai. | 据总部设在上海的官方英文新闻媒体Sixth Tone报道，为了规避移民管理官员对签发非工作、非学习护照的限制，一些中国人购买了假的外国工作邀请或学校录取通知书。 |
| The country’s inward turn has made some young Chinese wonder about their own future careers, said Jenny Zhao, 33, who runs a charity that mentors university students. | 中国转向关闭的做法让一些年轻人对自己未来的事业产生了怀疑，33岁的珍妮·赵说道，她经营着一家为大学生提供辅导的慈善机构。 |
| “Students ask me the same question: ‘How should we face this changing world in China?’” said Ms. Zhao, who lived and worked in France for a decade. “‘Do we have less opportunities than you did?’” She tells them to focus on the opportunities at home rather than overseas. | “学生都问我同样的问题：‘我们应该如何面对中国不断变化的情况？’”赵女士说，她曾在法国生活和工作了10年。“‘我们的机会比你们少了吗？’”她告诉学生们要把注意力放在国内的机会上，而不是海外。 |
| For other young Chinese, the shrinking sense of opportunity has only strengthened their determination to get out. | 对有些中国年轻人来说，机会正在减少的感觉只会增强他们出国的决心。 |
| On Zhihu, a question-and-answer website, a post asking for an explanation of the online “run philosophy” trend has been read more than 7.5 million times. On GitHub, an online platform popular among coders, a dedicated forum offers tips on which academic programs in which countries are easiest to get into. | 在问答网站知乎上，一篇要求解释网络用语“润学”的帖子颇受欢迎，阅读量已超过750万次。程序员喜欢去的在线平台GitHub上有一个专门的论坛，提供有关去哪些国家读什么学科申请最容易的建议。 |
| Describing why they wanted to leave, some commenters cited the monotony of being locked down. Others pointed to economic woes, such as the hypercompetitive job market among recent graduates. Still others were explicitly political. | 有些人在评论中谈及想离开的原因时，提到了被封控的无聊。也有人指出了经济问题，比如应届毕业生就业市场竞争激烈。还有一些则明显带有政治色彩。 |
| One essay on the GitHub forum, titled “Why I must run,” said: “The tyrannical system of a great leader must always be correct,” referring to the Chinese government’s refusal to change its Covid policies. “People here are like captive monkeys.” | GitHub论坛上一篇题为《我究竟为什么要润，而不是留下来》的文章写道：“伟大领袖的僭主体系是必须不断正确”，指的是中国政府拒绝改变其新冠清零政策。“这个地方的人们就像圈养的猴子。” |
| Still, even the most devoted adherents acknowledge that the paths out remain narrow. They warn of the long odds of the visa lottery in Western countries, and the costs of tuition. | 尽管如此，就连最热衷离开的人也承认，出国之路还是很狭窄。他们警告，西方国家的签证申请成功率很低，学费很贵。 |
| Forrest Sheng Bao, a computer science professor at Iowa State University who posted on GitHub offering to help potential applicants, said many of the roughly 15 people who had contacted him in recent weeks would not be able to afford tuition or qualify for scholarships. | 曾在GitHub上发帖为潜在的申请者提供帮助的爱荷华州立大学计算机科学教授鲍盛说，近几周联系过他的大约15名申请者中，许多人负担不起学费，或没有获得奖学金的资格。 |
| Those who can leave know that it will not be easy for them, either. | 那些有能力离开的人也知道，出国之路对他们来说并不容易。 |
| Ray Chen, who works in financial technology in Beijing, said he expected that his career prospects would be limited if he moved overseas, and that he might be lonely. But he had sought out an immigration consultant anyway, and was considering Portugal or Greece. | 在北京从事金融技术工作的雷·陈说，他预计，如果搬到海外，他的职业前景会受到限制，而且他可能会很孤独。但他还是找到了一名移民顾问，正在考虑去葡萄牙或希腊。 |
| While the pandemic was not the only reason he wanted to leave — he also desired a lower cost of living, and legalized same-sex marriage — China’s lockdowns had crystallized his fear that he had too little control over his life. | 虽然新冠病毒大流行不是他想离开的唯一原因——他也希望更低的生活成本，住在一个同性婚姻合法的地方，但中国的封控让他对自己几乎没有能力控制生活的担忧变得更加明确。 |
| “It’s not just the pandemic in Shanghai, but that the entire country has gone to extremes,” Mr. Chen said. “Those who actually make decisions regarding my living environment have absolute power, yet they have diametrically opposed viewpoints to mine.” | “我觉得不只是上海疫情，我觉得整个国家走向了极端，带着人走向了极端，”陈先生说。“真正决策了我生活环境的人，其实他们有绝对的权力，然后他们是跟我完全相左的意见。” |
| He added, “This is very scary and makes me feel there is no reason to stay.” | 他补充说，“我觉得这一点很可怕，让我觉得没有必要待下去。” |
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