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| HONG KONG — The Hong Kong supernatural anthology TV series has an eye-catching name, “Barrack O’Karma 1968,” and an eyebrow-raising plot. |
| 香港——香港奇幻单元剧《金宵大厦2》(Barrack O’Karma 1968)的名字引人注目，情节更是令人咋舌。 |
| A Filipino domestic worker, navigating deceit, discrimination and accusations of voodoo, is transformed by her seemingly well-intentioned employers into a Cantonese-speaking surrogate daughter. |
| 一名菲佣深陷欺骗、歧视和巫术的指控，被看似好意的雇主改造成一个说粤语的养女。 |
| The TVB series not only chose a Chinese Canadian actress, Franchesca Wong, as the main character for a two-episode subplot. It also cast her in brownface. On the show, her skin grows lighter and she gains a new fluency in the dominant language of the city. |
| TVB的这部电视剧选择华裔加拿大演员黄婉华作为两集非主线情节的主角，让她在剧中把脸涂成棕色。在剧中，她的皮肤慢慢又变白了，还学会说一口流利的粤语。 |
| After the first episode aired on April 12 and backstage footage emerged of Ms. Wong affecting a singsong accent — presumably meant to be Filipino — as she brushed dark makeup onto her legs, some viewers said they could not believe their 21st-century eyes. |
| 4月12日第一集播出后，片花中出现了黄婉华模仿异域口音——据信是菲律宾口音——以及把腿涂成棕色的画面，一些观众说，21世纪竟还有这种事，他们不敢相信自己的眼睛。 |
| “I was really shocked,” said Izzy Jose, 27, a Filipino performer and educator in Hong Kong. “That morphedj into feeling really angry and morphed further into feeling disappointed.” |
| “我真的很震惊，”27岁的伊兹·何塞说，他是香港的一名菲裔演员和教育工作者。“这让我感到非常愤怒，这种感觉进一步变成了失望。” |
| The footage quickly became a flash point of debate. To many Filipinos in Hong Kong, it was a twinned mockery — racism and classism. To some actors, it was an all-too-familiar dehumanizing and undignified representation, a reminder that minority performers are often locked out of roles that purport to portray people like them. To others, the brownface portrayal was another example of colorism rearing its ugly head. |
| 这段视频很快成为争论焦点。对许多香港的菲律宾人来说，这是种族主义和阶级主义的双重嘲弄。对一些演员来说，这是一种再熟悉不过的非人化和不体面的表现，提醒人们少数族裔演员往往无法演回自己。对另外一些人来说，涂棕脸是肤色歧视抬头的又一个例子。 |
| But another strain of reaction began bubbling up. Many viewers of the show — which first aired in 2019 and which also has elements of romance and drama — jumped to its defense. Chinese-language news media lauded Ms. Wong’s performance and her efforts at a Filipino accent. Others declared it a matter of creative autonomy. Some accused critics of crying racism without understanding the full context of the plot, which, they argued, portrays Ms. Wong’s character as a victim. |
| 但另一种反应开始出现。这部剧于2019年首播，也有浪漫和戏剧元素，许多观众都为它辩护。中文新闻媒体称赞了黄婉华的表演，以及她努力学习菲律宾口音的努力。还有媒体称这是一个创作自主权的问题。一些人指责批评人士在没有理解整个情节背景的情况下就大喊种族主义，他们认为，这部剧把黄婉华饰演的角色描绘成了受害者。 |
| It all boiled down to a clapback that asked: What’s the big deal? |
| 这一切都可以归结为一个反问：这有什么大不了的? |
| TVB defended Ms. Wong in a statement saying she had “successfully portrayed her character” with “professional performing techniques and sophisticated handling of role-playing.” |
| TVB在一份声明中为黄婉华辩护，称她以“专业和精湛的演技，成功刻画出这个角色”。 |
| Eric Tsang, an actor and general manager of TVB, further denied that racism played any part in the show and insisted that brownface was crucial to the plot. |
| TVB的演员兼总经理曾志伟进一步否认节目中有种族歧视的成分，坚称涂棕脸对情节至关重要。 |
| “Actually the main character is Filipino, and then she turns pale,” Mr. Tsang told reporters at a TVB event last week. “That’s the tricky part,” he added. “You can’t find a Filipino to paint white, so you can only paint an artist black first, so that she can turn pale again. If we’re making movies about aliens, and we can’t find an alien to the play the part, are we discriminating against aliens? This is what the plot calls for.” TVB’s publicists said that Mr. Tsang was unavailable for comment. |
| “该角色是菲律宾人士，然后变白，”曾志伟上周在TVB的一个活动上对记者说。“这就难了，”他还说。“你不能够找一个菲律宾人涂白，所以只能找艺人先涂黑再变白。如果我们要做外星人，我们不能够找一个外星人来演，那我们扮外星人算不算种族歧视？这完全是剧情需要。”TVB的公关人员表示，曾志伟不方便置评。 |
| Using brownface in this way for a plotline and assuming that all Filipinos are a certain color perpetuate odious stereotypes, critics say. |
| 批评人士说，以这种方式在情节中使用棕色面孔，并假设所有菲律宾人都是某种肤色，会让人产生负面的刻板印象。 |
| “It essentially is an exercise of privilege,” Christine Vicera, a Filipino filmmaker and researcher at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, said in an interview. “Franchesca, at the end of the filming, is able to remove the brown skin. Whereas, Filipinos or Southeast Asians or South Asians in Hong Kong, we don’t have that privilege of removing our skin color.” |
| “这本质上是一种特权的行使，”菲律宾电影制作人、香港中文大学研究员克里斯汀·维希拉在接受采访时说。“在拍摄结束时，黄婉华能够去除棕色的皮肤。然而，在香港的菲律宾人、东南亚人或南亚人，我们没有去掉自己肤色的特权。” |
| Jan Gube, an assistant professor at the Education University of Hong Kong who studies multicultural education and diversity, said that many local viewers lacked the historical context to understand why brownface is offensive. Professor Gube said that most students in Hong Kong’s public schools do not grow up interacting with peers who look different from them. Local schools did not teach cultural respect — let alone the context for brownface — in an in-depth way, he said. |
| 香港教育大学研究多元文化教育和多样性的助理教授高俊杰(Jan Gube)说，许多本地观众缺乏历史背景，无法理解为什么涂棕脸是一种冒犯。他说，香港公立学校的大多数学生在成长过程中，并没有和自己外观不同的同龄人互动过。他说，当地的学校没有深入地教授文化尊重，更不用说棕色面孔的背景了。 |
| “You’ll see a lot of comments from social media and local media saying that the actress is being faithful to her role,” he said. “Not a lot of people are looking at it from a cultural point of view, which means they may not necessarily be aware that donning that kind of makeup means something else to other people,” he added. |
| “你会看到很多社交媒体和当地媒体的评论，说这位演员忠于自己的角色，”他说。“没有太多人从文化角度来看待这个问题，这意味着他们不一定能意识到，那种妆容对其他人来说有其他含义。” |
| Brownface (and yellowface — imitations of brown and Asian people by light-skinned performers) evolved from the racist vaudeville tradition of blackface, a staple of American minstrel shows in the early 1800s. Mostly white actors applied dark makeup to play mocking caricatures of Black people. With few other representations of Black people onstage — and later onscreen — blackface performances helped reinforce dehumanizing tropes. |
| 涂棕脸（还有涂黄脸——由浅肤色的表演者模仿棕色人种和亚裔）是从种族主义杂耍表演传统“涂黑脸”演变而来，后者是19世纪初美国吟游艺人表演的主要内容。大部分白人演员涂黑脸部，扮演讽刺黑人的滑稽角色。由于在舞台上——以及后来的电影银幕上——很少有黑人的其他表现形式，涂黑脸表演有助于增强非人化的隐喻。 |
| Asian countries have had a history of perpetuating colorism, in which the preference for lighter skin is imbued in cultural and social mores. Cosmetic companies have been criticized for selling skin-lightening creams. In Pakistan, the TV series “Parizaad,” about the struggles of a dark-skinned laborer, the lead actor appeared to have darkened his face to play the role, drawing criticism from some social media users. But the show was a big hit when it debuted last year. |
| 亚洲国家长期存在肤色歧视，对浅肤色的偏爱渗透在文化和社会习俗中。化妆品公司因销售美白霜而受到批评。巴基斯坦电视剧《帕里扎德》(Parizaad) 讲述了一个深色皮肤工人的奋斗历程，主角为了扮演这个角色，似乎把脸涂黑了，这招致了一些社交媒体用户的批评。但该剧去年首播时大获成功。 |
| “Brownface is always wrong because it constructs a racist stereotype. The underlying racist premise of brownface is that the essence of a person is embedded in their physical features, not in their character or actions,” said Jason Petrulis, an assistant professor of global history at the Education University of Hong Kong who studies race and politics in U.S.-Asia relations. |
| “涂棕脸总是错的，因为它构建了种族主义的刻板印象。涂棕脸的潜在种族主义前提是，一个人的本质植根于他们的身体特征，而不是他们的性格或行为。”香港教育大学的全球历史助理教授贾森·佩特鲁里斯说道。他研究美国—亚洲关系中的种族与政治。 |
| “An actor who performs in brownface is suggesting that she can portray the inner character of a Filipina domestic worker by embodying her, by mimicking her skin color or speech patterns or hair texture,” he added. |
| “涂棕脸表演的演员是在暗示，她可以化身菲律宾家政工人，通过模仿她的肤色、语言模式或发质来塑造她的内在性格，”他还说。 |
| About 203,000 Filipinos live in Hong Kong, forming the largest non-Chinese ethnic group in the city, according to a 2021 census. About 190,000 are domestic workers. In the past two years, as Hong Kong has doubled down on Covid restrictions, the domestic workers have been singled out for mass testing and have been slapped with fines for violating social distancing rules that often exceed their entire monthly salary. |
| 根据2021年的人口普查，约有20.3万菲律宾人生活在香港，形成了该市最大的非华裔族群。其中约有19万人是家庭佣工。过去两年，随着香港加大对新冠的限制力度，这些家政工人被单独挑出来进行大规模检测，并因违反社交距离规定而被处以罚款，罚款金额往往超过她们的月薪。 |
| For Filipinos who find work as actors in the city, the roles are often limited to clumsy maids, gangsters or bit players in ads for cleaning products. |
| 对于在这座城市找到演员工作的菲律宾人来说，角色通常仅限于笨拙的女佣、黑帮或清洁产品广告中的小角色。 |
| “I’ve always felt that our ethnicity and skin color is used as props to add creative value on set,” said Ray Yumul, a 29-year-old Filipino actor and headhunter. “It’s something that needs to stop and change.” |
| “我一直觉得，我们的种族和肤色在片场被用作增加创意价值的道具，”29岁的菲律宾演员兼猎头雷·尤穆说。“这是需要停止和改变的事情。” |
| Mr. Yumul said he once responded to calls seeking a Filipino actor in a commercial, only to learn that he would be playing a germ. |
| 尤穆说，有一次他接到电话，对方说想为广告找一个菲律宾演员，结果却得知他需要扮演一个细菌。 |
| Ricky Chu, who leads Hong Kong’s anti-discrimination watchdog, the Equal Opportunities Commission, said brownface cannot be the sole measure in determining discriminatory behavior. The watchdog would also have to consider whether the makeup is “very exaggerated” with accompanying “speech and gestures,” he said in an interview. |
| 香港反歧视监督机构平等机会委员会的负责人朱敏健说，涂棕脸不能作为判定歧视行为的唯一标准。他在接受采访时表示，监管机构还必须考虑化妆是否“很夸张”，并伴有“言语、动作”。 |
| As for whether Ms. Wong’s affected accent in the behind-the-scenes footage constitutes offensive behavior, he said a formal complaint would have to be filed before the commission could judge. (The commission, citing confidentiality, declined to say whether it had received complaints.) |
| 至于黄婉华在幕后视频中模仿的口音是否构成冒犯行为，他说，必须有人提交正式投诉，委员会才能做出判断。（该委员会以保密为由，拒绝透露是否收到投诉。） |
| Mr. Chu did say that as a viewer of the TVB show, he was more concerned by dialogue that used phrases like “all you domestic helpers” that reinforced “negative stereotypes.” |
| 朱敏健表示，作为TVB这部剧的观众，他更关注的是对话中使用“你们外佣”之类短语，从而强化了“负面标签”。 |
| TVB, a 55-year-old broadcaster known for variety shows and serial dramas, has faced boycotts from pro-democracy protesters who accuse it of a pro-China bias. It has also drawn complaints for using racial epithets in a historical drama. |
| TVB是一家有55年历史的广播公司，以综艺节目和连续剧著称，它曾面临民主派抗议者的抵制，他们指责TVB有亲中国的倾向。它还因为在一部历史剧中使用了种族侮辱性语言而遭到投诉。 |
| The latest controversy intensified after the two episodes in which Ms. Wong appeared in brownface. The broadcaster has since removed those episodes from its streaming site, saying it would review their content. |
| 黄婉华在两集《金宵大厦2》中涂棕脸之后，最新的争议加剧了。此后，该电视台已从其流媒体网站上删除了这几集，并表示将对内容进行审查。 |
| Ms. Wong, who did not respond to a request for comment, apologized on social media last week, saying that she had learned that trying to “analyze, interpret and act” was only part of the job. |
| 黄婉华没有回应置评请求，她上周在社交媒体上道歉，说她已经知道试图“分析、阐释和扮演”角色只是工作的一部分。 |
| Many of her supporters responded that she had nothing to be sorry for. |
| 她的许多支持者回应说，她没有什么可道歉的。 |
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