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| SEOUL — North Korea has publicly executed at least seven people in the past decade for watching or distributing K-pop videos from South Korea, as it cracks down on what its leader, Kim Jong-un, calls a “vicious cancer,” according to a human rights report released on Wednesday. |
| 首尔——据周三发布的人权报告，过去十年，朝鲜在打击被其领导人金正恩称为“毒瘤”的K-pop视频过程中，至少有七人因为观看或传播这些来自韩国的视频而被公开处决。 |
| The group, Transitional Justice Working Group, which is based in Seoul, interviewed 683 North Korean defectors since 2015 to help map places in the North where people were killed and buried in state-sanctioned public executions. In its latest report, the group said it had documented 23 such executions under Mr. Kim’s government. |
| 自2015年以来，位于首尔的“转型正义工作小组”采访了683名脱北者，绘制了一张地图，其中显示了朝鲜经国家批准的公开处决和埋葬囚犯地点。该组织在其最新报告中表示，它记录了金正恩政府领导下的23起此类处决。 |
| Since taking power a decade ago, Mr. Kim has attacked South Korean entertainment — songs, movies and TV dramas — which, he says, corrupts North Koreans’ minds. Under a law adopted last December, those who distribute South Korean entertainment can face the death penalty. One tactic of Mr. Kim’s clampdown has been to create an atmosphere of terror by publicly executing people found guilty of watching or circulating the banned content. |
| 自从十年前掌权以来，金正恩一直攻击韩国的娱乐作品——歌曲、电影和电视剧——他说这些会腐蚀朝鲜人的思想。根据去年12月通过的一项法律，传播韩国娱乐节目的人可能面临死刑。金正恩镇压的一个策略是公开处决那些因观看或传播遭禁内容而被判有罪的人，从而营造一种恐怖气氛。 |
| It remains impossible to find out the true scale of public executions in the isolated totalitarian state. But Transitional Justice Working Group focused on executions that have taken place since Mr. Kim ascended and on those that have occurred in Hyesan, a North Korean city and a major trading hub on the border with China. |
| 在这个与世隔绝的极权国家中，公开处决的真实规模仍旧无从知晓。但转型正义工作小组关注于自金正恩上台以来发生的处决，以及发生在惠山的处决。惠山是一个朝鲜城市，也是与中国接壤的一个主要贸易中心。 |
| Thousands of North Korean defectors to South Korea have lived in or have passed through Hyesan. The city of 200,000 people is the main gateway for outside information, including South Korean entertainment stored on computer memory sticks and bootlegged across the border from China. As such, Hyesan has become a focus in Mr. Kim’s efforts to stop the infiltration of K-pop. |
| 数以千计逃往韩国的朝鲜脱北者曾在惠山住过或路经惠山。这座拥有20万人口的城市是外界信息传入的主要门户，这些信息包括存储在闪存里、从中国越境走私而来的韩国娱乐作品。因此，惠山已成为金正恩阻止K-pop渗入的重点地区。 |
| Of the seven executions for watching or distributing South Korean videos, all but one took place in Hyesan, the report says. The six in Hyesan occurred between 2012 and 2014. Citizens were mobilized to watch the grisly scenes, where officials called the condemned social evil before they each were put to death by a total of nine shots fired by three soldiers. |
| 报告称，在七起因观看或传播韩国视频而进行的处决中，除一起外，其余均发生在惠山。惠山的六起事件发生在2012年至2014年之间。市民被组织观看恐怖的行刑现场，官员们将被处决者称为社会恶魔，然后由三名士兵共开九枪将他们处死。 |
| “The families of those being executed were often forced to watch the execution,” the report said. |
| 报告说：“被处决者的家属经常被迫观看处决。” |
| Mr. Kim rules North Korea with the help of a personality cult and a state propaganda machine that controls nearly every aspect of life in the North. All radios and television sets are set to receive government broadcasts only. People are blocked from using the global internet. But some North Koreans still manage to secretly watch South Korea’s movies and TV dramas. As the North’s economy has floundered amid the pandemic and international sanctions, defections to the South have continued. |
| 金正恩借助个人崇拜和国家宣传机器统治朝鲜，后者几乎控制朝鲜生活的方方面面。所有收音机和电视机都设置为仅接收政府广播。人们被禁止使用全球互联网。但一些朝鲜人仍然设法偷偷观看韩国的电影和电视剧。由于朝鲜的经济在大流行和国际制裁中陷入困境，人们仍在继续逃向韩国。 |
| The number of defectors arriving in South Korea has dropped sharply in recent years, however, so gathering fresh information on the North has become harder. Mr. Kim’s government has also further tightened border restrictions amid the pandemic. |
| 然而，近年来抵达韩国的脱北者人数急剧下降，因此收集有关朝鲜的新信息变得更加困难。在大流行期间，金正恩政府还进一步收紧了边境限制。 |
| But Daily NK, a Seoul-based website that gathers news from clandestine sources in the North, reported that a villager and an army officer were publicly executed this year in towns deeper inland for distributing or possessing South Korean entertainment. |
| 但是，从朝鲜秘密信源收集消息、总部位于首尔的网站DailyNK报道称，今年，一名村民和一名军官因传播或持有韩国娱乐节目而在更靠近内陆的城镇被公开处决。 |
| And a few secretly filmed video clippings of public trials and executions have been smuggled out of North Korea. In footage shown on the South Korean TV station Channel A last year, a North Korean student was brought before a huge throng of people, including fellow students, and was condemned for possessing a USB stick that held “a movie and 75 songs from South Korea.” |
| 一些秘密拍摄的公开审判和处决的视频剪辑被偷运出朝鲜。在去年韩国电视台Channel A播放的镜头中，一名朝鲜学生被带到包括同学在内的一大群人面前，因持有一个含“一部电影和75首韩国歌曲”的U盘而被判有罪。 |
| Shin Eun-ha told Channel A of a public execution she and her classmates had been made to watch from the front row when she was in second grade in North Korea. “The prisoner could hardly walk and had to be dragged out,” she said, adding, “I was so terrified that I could not dare look at a soldier in uniform for six months afterward.” |
| 申银河（音）告诉Channel A，在朝鲜读二年级时，她和同学被要求在前排观看公开处决。她说：“囚犯几乎走不动路，只能被拖出来。”她还说：“我吓坏了，后来有六个月都不敢看穿制服的士兵。” |
| Mr. Kim has at times tried to appear more flexible toward outside culture, allowing state television to play the theme song from “Rocky” and to show Mickey and Minnie Mouse characters onstage. He even invited South Korean K-pop stars to the capital, Pyongyang, in 2018, when he was engaged in summit diplomacy with President Moon Jae-in of South Korea. But at home, he has also escalated his crackdown on K-pop, especially after his talks with President Donald J. Trump collapsed in 2019 and the North’s economy has deteriorated in recent years. |
| 金正恩有时试图表现出对外部文化更加灵活的态度，允许国家电视台播放电影《洛奇》(Rocky)的主题曲，并在舞台上展示米老鼠和米妮角色。2018年与韩国总统文在寅进行首脑外交时，他甚至将韩国K-pop明星邀请到首都平壤。但在朝鲜国内，他也加大了对K-pop的打压力度，尤其是在他与唐纳德·J·特朗普总统的会谈于2019年破裂、朝鲜经济近年来恶化之后。 |
| Amid growing international scrutiny of North Korea’s human rights abuses, the government appears to have taken steps to prevent information about its public executions from being leaked to the outside world. |
| 随着国际社会对朝鲜侵犯人权行为的关注越来越多，政府似乎已采取措施，防止其公开处决的信息被泄露给外界。 |
| It no longer appears to execute prisoners at market places, moving the sites farther away from the border with China or town centers, and inspecting spectators more closely to prevent them from filming the executions, Transitional Justice Working Group said. |
| 转型正义工作小组表示，政府似乎已经不在市场处决囚犯，而是将地点转移到距离中国边境或城镇中心更远的地点，并且更严密地检查观众，以防止他们拍摄处决过程。 |
| Mr. Kim has also tried to create a public image as a benevolent leader by occasionally pardoning people condemned to death, especially when the size of an assembled crowd at a public trial is large, the group said. |
| 该组织表示，金正恩还试图通过偶尔赦免被判死刑者，以此塑造仁慈领导人的公众形象，尤其是在公开审判上聚集了很多人的时候。 |
| But K-pop seems to be an enemy that Mr. Kim cannot ignore. |
| 但K-pop似乎是金正恩无法忽视的敌人。 |
| North Korea repeatedly lashes out against what it describes as an invasion of “anti-socialist and nonsocialist” influences from the South. It cracks down on South Korean slang spreading among its youths, including “oppa,” which became internationally known through Psy’s “Gangnam Style” song and video. |
| 朝鲜反复猛烈抨击它所说的来自韩国的“反社会主义和非社会主义”影响的入侵，并且打击在年轻人中传播的韩国俚语，包括因Psy的《江南Style》歌曲和视频而传至全球的“oppa”（哥哥）一词。 |
| The North’s state media has also warned that if left unchecked, K-pop’s influence would make North Korea “crumble like a damp wall.” |
| 朝鲜官方媒体还警告称，如果任其发展，K-pop的影响力将使朝鲜“像一堵渗水的墙一样倒塌”。 |
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