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| WASHINGTON — The House on Wednesday overwhelmingly passed a bill that would ban a wide array of imported products made in China’s Xinjiang region, moving over the strong objections of large corporations to crack down on companies sourcing goods produced through forced labor by persecuted Muslim minorities. |
| 华盛顿——周三，众议院不顾大企业集团的强烈反对，以压倒性多数通过了一项法案，将禁止进口在中国新疆地区生产的类别广泛的商品，对采购由受迫害的穆斯林少数民族在强迫劳动下生产的商品的企业进行打击。 |
| The lopsided 428-to-1 vote reflected increasing bipartisan ire at China’s human rights abuses in Xinjiang, where officials have waged a campaign of repression against Uyghurs, the Muslim ethnic minority group, detaining as many as one million in internment camps and prisons. But the legislation’s fate is uncertain in the Senate, where similar efforts have stalled amid a fierce lobbying effort by businesses that have argued that the bill’s requirements are too onerous and would disrupt global supply chains. |
| 428票赞成、一票反对的一边倒结果反映出两党对中国在新疆侵犯人权的行为愈加愤怒，中国官员在那里展开了对穆斯林少数民族群体维吾尔人的镇压运动，多达上百万人被关押在拘禁营和监狱中。但该法案在参议院的命运仍不确定，由于企业激烈游说称该法案的要求过于严苛，并将扰乱全球供应链，推动法案通过的努力在参议院陷入了僵局。 |
| The measure would impose high standards for companies seeking to import products from the region, barring imports of goods made “in whole or in part” in Xinjiang unless companies could proactively prove to customs officials that the products were not made with forced labor. |
| 该法案将对试图从该地区进口商品的企业实行更多的限制，禁止进口“全部或部分”在新疆生产的产品，除非企业能向海关官员主动证明这些产品并非在强迫劳动下生产。 |
| The Biden administration, like the Trump administration before it, has declared that it considers China’s wide-scale repression of Uyghurs in its northwestern Xinjiang region a genocide, and accused the Chinese government of committing crimes against humanity. |
| 与此前特朗普政府一样，拜登政府已宣布将中国在其西北新疆地区对维吾尔人的大规模镇压定性为种族灭绝，并指责中国政府犯下了反人类罪。 |
| Those offenses have included placing Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities in concentration camps, forced sterilizations and abortions, and torture and sexual abuse. Lawmakers have been particularly aggressive in trying to compel companies to cut ties with suppliers implicated in Uyghur forced labor. |
| 这些罪行包括将维吾尔人和其他少数民族关进集中营、强迫绝育和堕胎、以及虐待和性侵。在尽力迫使企业与涉及维吾尔人强迫劳动的供应商切断关系的问题上，议员们表现得尤为积极。 |
| “We will never forget our responsibility to act upon the actions that the Chinese government is engaged in,” Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Democrat of California, said on Wednesday. The legislation, she said, “employs America’s great economic might to combat this brutality and hold the perpetrators accountable.” |
| “我们永远不会忘记，我们有责任根据中国政府的行为采取行动，”代表加州民主党的众议院议长佩洛西周三表示。她表示，这项立法“将运用美国的强大经济实力来打击这种暴行，并对作恶者进行追责。” |
| Representative Thomas Massie, Republican of Kentucky, cast the sole “no” vote. He has said he opposes the bill because he believes the United States should not interfere in the internal affairs of foreign countries. |
| 肯塔基州共和党众议员托马斯·马西投了唯一的“反对”票。他曾表示反对该法案，因为他认为美国不应干涉外国内政。 |
| The resounding approval capped months of simmering tensions among lawmakers, Biden administration officials and corporate lobbyists, who sometimes found themselves at odds over exactly how far the legislation should go. |
| 该法案一边倒地通过经历了议员、拜登政府官员和企业说客之间为时数月的紧张拉锯，他们有时会在法案到底应该严厉到何种程度的问题上产生分歧。 |
| A number of prominent business groups and companies had bristled at the standard at the heart of the bill, which presumes that all goods produced in the region are made with forced labor unless companies can prove otherwise. They have argued that it would be overly arduous given the opacity of Chinese supply chains and the difficulty in auditing them. |
| 许多知名商业团体和企业对该法案的核心举措不满，即默认新疆生产的所有商品都依靠强制劳力，除非企业能证明事实并非如此。他们声称，考虑到中国供应链的不透明和审计上的困难，做到这一点的难度实在太大。 |
| Companies including Nike, Coca-Cola and Apple lobbied Congress in an attempt to weaken that provision, claiming that the passage of the bill could wreak havoc on already crippled supply chains. Roughly one in five cotton garments sold globally contains cotton or yarn from Xinjiang, and the region produces a significant portion of the world’s polysilicon, which is used to make solar panels and smartphones. |
| 耐克、可口可乐和苹果等公司通过国会游说试图削弱这项条款，声称该法案的通过可能会对已经受到打击的供应链造成严重破坏。在全球销售的棉质服装中，约有五分之一的棉料或棉线产自新疆，而全球很大一部分多晶硅也来自这里，多晶硅是制造太阳能板和智能手机的原料。 |
| “It is a piece of legislation that will impose substantial constraints and costs on corporations that have been operating their supply chains in ways that ignore labor rights with impunity,” said Scott Nova, the executive director of the Worker Rights Consortium, an independent labor rights organization. “And it is vehemently opposed by powerful corporations across industrial sectors.” |
| “这项立法将对那些在供应链经营过程中一直无视劳工权利，却不受惩罚的企业施加重大限制和成本，”独立劳工权利组织“工人权利共同体”总干事斯科特·诺瓦表示。“因此它遭到了各工业领域里强大集团的强烈反对。” |
| Representative Thomas Suozzi, Democrat of New York and the chairman of the Uyghur Caucus, acknowledged in an interview that a number of counterarguments had quietly loomed over the bill, from corporate lobbyists nervous about profits and supply chains to climate hawks worried about endangering the nation’s access to solar panels. |
| 纽约民主党众议员、“国会维吾尔连线”主席托马斯·索齐在接受采访时承认，从害怕利润和供应链受损的企业说客，到担忧美国太阳能板供应受影响的气候鹰派，对该法案的许多反对意见悄然出现。 |
| “To all those things, I say, ‘That’s too damn bad,’” Mr. Suozzi said. “We have to do this. This is so egregious that we’ll have to just figure out another solution. We’re just going to have to innovate our way around it. We can’t allow this to continue.” |
| “对于所有这些事情，我要说的是，‘真是太糟糕了，’”索齐说道。“我们必须去做。这实在是太过分，我们只能再找另外的解决办法。我们只要想出新招就行了。我们不能让这种情况继续下去。” |
| The legislation passed the House in September 2020 by a 406-to-3 vote. At that time, it faced headwinds in the Senate, especially on the Banking Committee, where some lawmakers were sensitive to corporate concerns about a stringent reporting requirement embedded in the text. |
| 该法案于2020年9月以406票赞成、三票反对的结果在众议院获得通过。当时，它在参议院面临阻力，尤其是在银行委员会，一些议员很在意企业对写入法案的严格上报要求的担忧。 |
| That provision, which would require companies to disclose the extent of a wide range of activities conducted in the Xinjiang region, was ultimately stripped out of the Senate bill, which passed unanimously in July. |
| 该条款要求企业披露在新疆地区开展的各种活动范围，最终在参议院版本中删除，该法案于7月获得全票通过。 |
| But the measure languished, with neither the House nor the Senate interested in taking up the other’s bill. The House advanced a larger China-focused measure that included a version of the Uyghur legislation with the reporting mandate intact, but the Senate declined to take it up. |
| 但由于参众两院都不愿接受对方的法案，这项措施始终未获进展。众议院提出了一项聚焦中国的更广泛措施，其中就包括一个保留强制上报规定的维吾尔相关立法版本，但参议院拒绝采纳。 |
| Those issues are likely to crop up again as the bill passed by the House on Wednesday makes its way to the Senate. |
| 当众议院周三通过的法案提交参议院之后，这些问题可能会再次出现。 |
| The fresh burst of momentum behind the proposal came after Senator Marco Rubio, Republican of Florida, held up the annual defense bill, demanding that his version of the forced labor legislation get a vote. Mr. Rubio accused Democrats of bowing to pressure from corporations and the Biden administration in slowing consideration of the legislation, a charge they hotly contested. |
| 在佛罗里达州共和党参议员卢比奥反对年度国防法案通过，并要求国会对他的强迫劳动法案进行表决之后，这项提案获得了新的推动力。卢比奥指责民主党屈服于企业和拜登政府的压力，拖慢了立法的审议速度，民主党人对此表示激烈抗议。 |
| Mr. Rubio said in a brief interview that while he was heartened to see the House pass its legislation, he was worried that reconciling the two versions of the bill would prove cumbersome. |
| 在一次简短的采访中，卢比奥表示，虽然他很高兴看到众议院通过了这项法案，但他担心，要协调法案在两院的不同版本会十分棘手。 |
| “The problem for me is not the content, it’s the fact that it touches on some issues” that cross several committees’ jurisdictions, he said. |
| “对我而言，难点不在于内容，而在于它触及到的”多个委员会管辖范畴的“一些问题”，他说。 |
| The House on Wednesday also approved legislation admonishing the International Olympic Committee for “failing to adhere to its own human rights commitments” in the case of Peng Shuai, the Chinese tennis star who disappeared shortly after accusing a former top government official of sexual assault. |
| 众议院周三还通过了一项立法，谴责国际奥委会在彭帅事件中“未能遵守其人权承诺”，这位中国网球明星在指控一名前政府高官性侵犯后不久失踪。 |
| In statements addressing the situation, the I.O.C. has refused to mention her assault claims and accepted Chinese government officials’ assurances that Ms. Peng is safe. The committee has argued that its nonconfrontational approach has been in the interest of helping Ms. Shuai through “quiet diplomacy.” |
| 国际奥委会在回应声明中拒绝提及她的性侵指控，并接受了中国政府官员保证彭帅安全的说法。国际奥委会辩称，这种非对抗态度是为了通过“静默外交”来帮助彭帅。 |
| “The I.O.C. has once again failed to protect athletes from sexual abuse and harassment, and should publicly commit to hold sexual violence abusers accountable,” said the legislation, led by Representative Jennifer Wexton, Democrat of Virginia. “The I.O.C.’s conduct undermines the efforts by the United States government, human rights organizations, the Women’s Tennis Association, and other international bodies and individuals to secure Peng Shuai’s safety.” |
| “国际奥委会再一次未能保护运动员免受性侵犯和骚扰，它应该公开承诺追究性暴力实施者的责任，”该法案写道，弗吉尼亚州民主党众议员詹妮弗·韦克斯顿领导了这项立法。“国际奥委会的作为破坏了美国政府、人权组织、女子网球协会以及其他国际组织和个人为确保彭帅安全所做的努力。” |
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