| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
|
| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
| [英文] [中文] [双语对照] [双语交替] [] |
| The United States this week announced a diplomatic boycott of the Beijing Winter Olympics in February, a move that was quickly followed by Australia, Britain and Canada. |
| 美国本周宣布对明年2月的北京冬季奥运会进行外交抵制，澳大利亚、英国和加拿大也迅速跟进这一行动。 |
| Diplomacy is by its nature byzantine, and sometimes secretive as well. We’ll try to get to the bottom of what it all means. |
| 外交的基本特征是错综复杂，有时也神秘。我们将在这里试图弄清楚这一切意味着什么。 |
| What is a diplomatic boycott? |
| 什么是外交抵制？ |
| Those who remember the 1980s may think of an Olympic boycott as countries staying home, athletes and all. But the U.S. diplomatic boycott will preclude only government officials from attending. Typically, high-ranking officials from many countries attend the Games, which are among the biggest international gatherings outside of the United Nations and major summits. |
| 那些还记得20世纪80年代的人可能会认为，抵制奥运会是国家不派代表团参加，运动员和所有人都不参加。但美国的外交抵制只是不让政府官员参加。许多国家通常会派高级官员参加奥运会，奥运会是联合国大会和主要峰会之外的最大国际聚会之一。 |
| What reason did the U.S. give for the boycott? |
| 美国给出的抵制理由是什么？ |
| In announcing the decision, Jen Psaki, the White House press secretary, cited “genocide and crimes against humanity” in Xinjiang, a northwestern region of China. The Chinese government has cracked down harshly on Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim ethnic minorities in that region, including mass detentions and forced use of contraception and sterilizations. |
| 在宣布这一决定时，白宫新闻秘书珍·萨基提到了中国在西北地区新疆的“种族灭绝和反人类罪”。中国政府对该地区的维吾尔人和其他以穆斯林为主的少数民族进行了严厉镇压，包括大规模拘禁以及强迫节育和绝育。 |
| Calls for an Olympic boycott sharpened after Peng Shuai, a Chinese tennis star, accused a former top government official of sexually assaulting her. References to her accusation were quickly scrubbed from the internet in China, and she disappeared from public view, prompting athletes and others around the world to post, “Where is Peng Shuai?” Peng was later seen in several short videos shared by Chinese state media journalists on Twitter. The International Olympic Committee said it called her twice, but questions were raised about how freely she was speaking. |
| 中国网球名将彭帅指控一名前政府高官性侵后，抵制奥运会的呼声更加强烈。中国互联网上彭帅的指控已被迅速删除，她也从公众视野中消失，这导致世界各地的运动员和其他人士发帖询问“彭帅在哪里？”，中国的官媒记者们后来在Twitter上分享了几段彭帅露面的短视频。国际奥林匹克委会称已与彭帅进行了两次视频通话，但人们对她有多少说话的自由仍存疑问。 |
| Is the boycott controversial in the U.S.? |
| 抵制行动在美国有争议吗？ |
| There has largely been support for the move. If anything, the criticism has come from Republicans who say the decision does not go far enough. Senator Tom Cotton of Arkansas has said the United States “should fully boycott the genocide Games in Beijing.” |
| 抵制行动基本获得了支持。如果一定要说有批评的话，那是来自共和党人，他们批评这个决定力度还不够。阿肯色州参议员汤姆·科顿说，美国“应该全面抵制北京举行的种族灭绝奥运会”。 |
| Does it mean anything for U.S. athletes at the Olympics? |
| 这对参加冬奥会的美国运动员有什么影响吗？ |
| Although the hostility between the nations may make for some uncomfortable moments for the American delegation in Beijing, there are not expected to be any significant effects. American athletes are to travel to China and compete in their events as scheduled. |
| 虽然两国的敌意可能会给在北京的美国代表团制造一些不快，但预计不会有任何太大的影响。美国运动员将按计划前往中国参加比赛。 |
| Are Olympic athletes speaking out about China? |
| 奥运会选手中有公开批评中国的吗？ |
| Some have. Evan Bates, an American ice dancer, said in October: “Speaking on behalf of all the athletes, I can say human rights violations are abysmal, and we all believe that it tears the fabric of humanity.” He added, “My answer could be applicable to human rights at large, but if you’re asking what’s happening in China regarding the Muslims, it’s terrible, it’s awful.” Some others have echoed his sentiments. |
| 有一些。美国冰舞选手埃文·贝茨今年10月说：“我代表所有的运动员说，侵犯人权的行为极为恶劣，我们都认为侵犯人权撕裂了基本的人性。”他还说，“我的回答适用于所有的人权问题，但如果你问的是在中国穆斯林身上发生了什么的话，在他们身上发生的事情很可怕、很糟糕。”有些其他人也发表过与他类似的看法。 |
| The International Olympic Committee has always steadfastly asserted that the Games are nonpolitical. As such, it has strict rules about athletes protesting while at the Games. |
| 国际奥委会一直坚称奥运会是非政治性的。因此，奥委会对运动员在奥运会期间的抗议活动有严格的规定。 |
| Are any prominent athletes not attending the Games in protest? |
| 有著名运动员不参加本届冬奥会以示抗议吗？ |
| At this point, no. Even those top athletes who have condemned human rights abuses say they plan to compete at the Games. |
| 到目前为止还没有。就连那些对侵犯人权行为表示谴责的最优秀的运动员也说，他们打算参加冬奥会。 |
| Is there a precedent for a diplomatic boycott of the Olympics? |
| 有过外交抵制奥运会的先例吗？ |
| In 2014, President Barack Obama, Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and Michelle Obama, the first lady, all skipped the Sochi Olympics in Russia. France and Germany also did not send top-ranking officials. Although it was not a full-fledged diplomatic boycott, the move was seen as a rebuke of Russia’s crackdown on gay rights and was also possibly motivated by Russia’s giving political asylum to Edward Snowden, who leaked classified documents about American spying. |
| 2014年，美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马、副总统小约瑟夫·拜登和第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马都没参加俄罗斯索契冬奥会。法国和德国也没有派高级官员参加。尽管不是全面的外交抵制，但这些国家的做法被视为是对俄罗斯打压同性恋权利的谴责，美国那样做也可能是因为俄罗斯为泄露美国间谍活动机密文件的爱德华·斯诺登提供了政治庇护。 |
| What other boycotts have happened in past Olympics? |
| 过去的奥运会发生过其他抵制活动吗？ |
| The most prominent boycott came in 1980, when more than 60 countries, led by the United States, boycotted the Summer Games in Moscow because of the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan the previous year. The boycott crippled the fields in many events at the Games, and also incensed American athletes, many of whom lost their only chance to participate at an Olympics. |
| 最主要的抵制发生在1980年，那年有60多个国家在美国的带领下抵制了莫斯科的夏季奥运会，因为苏联在一年前入侵了阿富汗。抵制使奥运会的许多项目的参赛者不足，也激怒了美国的运动员们，他们中有许多人失去了自己参加奥运会的唯一机会。 |
| In 1984, the Soviet Union led more than a dozen countries in a boycott of the 1984 Games in Los Angeles. Although the cited reason was security concerns, there is little doubt the move was essentially a reprisal for the 1980 boycott. |
| 1984年，苏联领导十多个国家一起抵制洛杉矶奥运会。虽然给理由是安全考虑，但几乎可以肯定这实质上是对1980年抵制行动的报复。 |
| While a handful of nations had boycotted for various reasons at earlier Games, the first major boycott of an Olympics came in 1976 when about 30 mostly African nations sat out the Montreal Games. They contended that because a New Zealand rugby team had toured apartheid South Africa, New Zealand should be barred from the Games. |
| 虽然少数国家也曾以各种原因抵制早期的奥运会，但第一次大规模抵制奥运会是1976年，当时有约30个国家（大多数是非洲国家）没去参加蒙特利尔奥运会。他们认为，因为新西兰橄榄球队访问了种族隔离的南非，新西兰应该被禁止参加奥运会。 |
| So no boycott of the Nazi Olympics? Really? |
| 没人抵制纳粹奥运会？真的吗？ |
| In 1936, the Games went to Germany, then under the control of Hitler’s Nazi Party. Some sports officials, and some politicians, including Mayor Fiorello La Guardia of New York City and Gov. Al Smith of New York, advocated boycotting the Games. But Olympic officials pushed hard against a boycott, with familiar arguments about separation of politics and sports. |
| 1936年的奥运会在德国举行，当时的德国由希特勒的纳粹党控制。一些体育官员以及包括纽约市市长菲奥雷洛·拉瓜迪亚、纽约州州长阿尔·史密斯在内的政界人士主张抵制那届奥运会。但奥运官员用政治与体育分离的熟悉论调极力反对抵制。 |
| Avery Brundage, who was president of the U.S. Olympic Committee, called the boycott plan a “Jewish-Communist conspiracy.” (He went on to lead the International Olympic Committee until 1972.) |
| 时任美国奥委会主席的埃弗里·布伦戴奇称抵制计划是“犹太共产主义者的阴谋”。（布伦戴奇后来担任了国际奥委会主席，直到1972年。） |
| In the end, U.S. sports officials chose to send a team to Berlin in a close vote. |
| 美国体育官员们最终决定派代表队参加柏林奥运会，投票表决时，这个选择获得了微弱多数。 |
| Have boycotts been effective? |
| 抵制有用吗？ |
| The boycott of the Moscow Games did not appear to have any effect on Soviet foreign policy; troops from the country remained in Afghanistan until 1989. |
| 抵制莫斯科奥运会似乎对苏联的外交政策没有任何影响；苏联军队在阿富汗一直呆到1989年。 |
| An international consensus seems to have emerged that sweeping boycotts that include athletes are ineffective and serve only to penalize sportsmen and women. Senator Cotton notwithstanding, few Olympic or government officials are seriously considering preventing athletes from attending the Beijing Games. |
| 国际社会看来已形成一个共识，认为将运动员包括在内的全面抵制除了惩罚运动员外，没有作用。虽然参议员科顿希望那样做，但很少有奥运会或政府官员认真考虑过不让运动员参加北京冬奥会的建议。 |
| While boycotts may not change policy, they do run the risk of reprisals, as was seen in 1984. Sure enough, Chen Weihua of China Daily, a state media publication, has called for China to boycott the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 2028. |
| 虽然抵制可能不会改变政策，但的确有遭到报复的风险，正如1984年那样。果不其然，中国官媒《中国日报》的陈卫华已呼吁中国抵制2028年洛杉矶夏季奥运会。 |
OK阅读网 版权所有(C)2017 | 联系我们