| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
|
| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
| [英文] [中文] [双语对照] [双语交替] [] |
| WASHINGTON — The Biden administration announced a partnership on Friday with Australia, Denmark, Norway, Canada, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to try to stem the flow of sensitive technologies to authoritarian governments. |
| 华盛顿——拜登政府上周五宣布与澳大利亚、丹麦、挪威、加拿大、法国、荷兰和英国建立伙伴关系，试图阻止敏感技术流向威权主义政府。 |
| The partnership, named the Export Controls and Human Rights Initiative, calls for the countries to align their policies on exports of key technologies and develop a voluntary written code of conduct to apply human rights criteria to export licenses, according to a White House statement. |
| 据白宫的声明，这个名为“出口控制与人权倡议”的伙伴关系呼吁各国调整关键技术出口政策，制定书面的自愿行为准则，将人权标准用在批准出口许可上。 |
| The effort is aimed at combating the rise of “digital authoritarianism” in countries like China and Russia, where software and advanced surveillance technologies have been used to track dissidents and journalists, shape public opinion and censor information deemed dangerous by the government. |
| 此举旨在打击中国和俄罗斯等国正在兴起的“数字威权主义”，它们使用软件和先进监控技术来跟踪异见人士和记者、影响公众舆论、审查政府认为危险的信息。 |
| The announcement was part of the last day of the Summit for Democracy, the White House’s virtual gathering of officials from over 100 countries aimed at bolstering democracies. |
| 上述宣布是“民主峰会”最后一天日程的一部分。“民主峰会”是白宫召集的旨在支持民主的视频会议，有来自100多个国家的官员参加。 |
| By working to synchronize export controls across countries, American officials hope to cast a wider net to prevent authoritarian nations from accessing important technologies, as well as help companies with U.S. operations operate on a more even playing field. |
| 美国官员希望通过协调各国的出口管制，让阻止威权主义国家获得重要技术的网撒得更大，同时帮助在美国开展业务的公司在一个更公平的竞争环境中运营。 |
| While a decade ago the internet was seen as a force for democracy and openness, authoritarian governments today have learned that big data, internet controls, artificial intelligence and social media “could make them even more powerful,” Samantha Power, the administrator for the U.S. Agency for International Development, said at the virtual summit on Friday. |
| 虽然十年前，互联网曾被视为推动民主和开放的力量，但如今，威权主义政府已意识到，大数据、互联网控制、人工智能和社交媒体“能让它们变得更强大”，美国国际开发署署长萨曼莎·鲍尔在上周五的视频峰会上说。 |
| Ms. Power said the United States would undertake a suite of new measures over the next year to help set global norms around technology and human rights. |
| 鲍尔说，美国将在明年采取一系列新措施，帮助制定围绕技术和人权的全球规范。 |
| Those steps include investing up to $20 million annually to drastically expand the digital democracy work of the Agency for International Development, working with like-minded countries to establish principles for open source technology products, and introducing an initiative with Canada and Denmark to lay out how governments should use surveillance technology in a manner consistent with human rights and the rule of law. |
| 这些措施包括每年投入2000万美元，大力扩展国际开发署的数字民主工作，与志同道合的国家一起制定开源技术产品的原则，并与加拿大和丹麦提出一项倡议，阐述政府应如何以符合人权和法治的方式使用监控技术。 |
| The United States will also provide up to $3.75 million to fund new “democracy affirming” technologies, like privacy-preserving artificial intelligence, and establish a separate fund for anti-censorship technology, Ms. Power said. |
| 鲍尔说，美国还将为资助新的“肯定民主”的技术（比如保护隐私的人工智能）提供375万美元的资金，并为反审查的技术另行设立基金。 |
| The government’s use of export controls, especially against China, greatly ramped up during the Trump administration, which imposed restrictions on ZTE, Huawei and other Chinese technology firms to prevent Beijing from gaining access to sensitive technologies like quantum computing, advanced semiconductor chips and artificial intelligence that could give its military an advantage or build up the Chinese surveillance state. |
| 美国使用出口管制，尤其是针对中国的出口管制的次数，已在特朗普政府期间大幅增加。特朗普政府对中兴、华为和其他中国科技企业实施了出口限制，以防止中国政府获得量子计算、先进的半导体芯片，以及人工智能等敏感技术，这些技术可能会给中国军队带来优势，或让中国加强政府监控。 |
| But critics say those measures, by focusing only on American exports, fell short of their goals. While companies that manufacture products in the United States no longer ship certain goods to China, competitors in Japan, Europe and elsewhere have continued to make sales. That has encouraged some high-tech companies to devote more spending on research and development outside the United States, to maintain access to the lucrative Chinese market. |
| 但批评人士称，将这些措施的注意力集中在美国的出口上将达不到目标。虽然在美国制造产品的公司已不再将某些产品运往中国，但日本、欧洲和其他地方的竞争对手仍在继续销售这些产品。这鼓励了一些高科技企业在美国以外投入更多的研发资金，以保持其进入利润丰厚的中国市场的机会。 |
| American-developed technology has also been used by authoritarian governments for more nefarious purposes, like monitoring and censoring their citizens. |
| 美国开发的技术也被专制政府用于更不道德的目的，比如监控和审查公民。 |
| In a joint statement issued Friday, Australia, Denmark, Norway and the United States said that “authoritarian governments increasingly are using surveillance tools and other related technologies in connection with serious human rights abuses, both within their countries and across international borders, including in acts of transnational repression to censor political opposition and track dissidents.” |
| 澳大利亚、丹麦、挪威和美国在上周五发布的联合声明中表示，“威权主义政府在严重侵犯人权方面正在越来越多地使用监控工具和其他相关技术，不仅在境内，也跨越国际边界，包括为审查政治反对派和跟踪异见人士进行跨国镇压。” |
| They added, “Such use risks defeating the benefits that advanced technologies may bring to the world’s nations and peoples.” |
| 声明还说，“这有抵消先进技术能给世界各国和人民带来的好处的危险。” |
| The work at this week’s summit included exploring how best to strengthen domestic legal frameworks, share information on threats and risks, and share and develop best practices for controlling technology exports, a White House statement said. |
| 白宫的声明说，峰会包括探讨如何最好地加强各国国内的法律框架，分享有关威胁和风险的信息，以及分享和制定控制技术出口的最佳做法。 |
| In the coming year, the countries are expected to consult with academics and industries on their efforts. Any decisions on controls of specific technologies will be voluntary and left up to individual countries to carry out. |
| 在未来一年里，这些国家预计将就它们的努力与学术界和产业界进行磋商。任何有关控制特定技术出口的决定将遵循自愿原则，并由各国自己执行。 |
| The Biden administration has continued a trend, begun in the Trump administration, of leveling export controls at companies engaged in human rights violations, including those that have supported China’s repression of Muslim minorities. |
| 拜登政府已延续了始于特朗普政府的趋势，即对侵犯人权的公司实行出口管制，包括那些支持中国镇压穆斯林少数民族的公司。 |
| This week, the Biden administration announced new restrictions on Cambodia to address human rights abuses, corruption and the growing influence of China’s military in the country. In November, the administration blacklisted the NSO Group, an Israeli technology firm, saying the company knowingly supplied spyware used to target the phones of dissidents, human rights activists and journalists. |
| 为应对柬埔寨侵犯人权和腐败，以及中国军队对该国影响日益增长的问题，拜登政府上周宣布了针对柬埔寨的新限制。今年11月，美国政府已将以色列技术公司NSO Group列入黑名单，称该公司在知情的情况下提供了用于打击异见人士、人权活动人士和记者的手机间谍软件。 |
| The administration has also accelerated discussions of export controls with Europe, through a partnership set up this year called the Trade and Technology Council. But given that there is no legal basis for imposing import bans across the European Union, decisions on those restrictions fall to its member states. |
| 拜登政府还通过今年设立的名为“贸易与技术理事会”的伙伴关系，加快了与欧洲就出口管制问题的讨论。但由于在整个欧盟范围内实施进口禁令没有法律依据，相关限制的决定权在欧盟成员国自己手里。 |
| The United States is already part of a multilateral arrangement on export controls called the Wassenaar Arrangement, which was established in 1996. But critics say the grouping, which has more than 40 members, including Russia, has moved too slowly to match the pace of technological development. |
| 美国已加入1996年设立的名为《瓦森纳协定》的多边出口控制安排。但批评人士称，这个有包括俄罗斯在内的40多个成员国参加的安排行动过于缓慢，跟不上技术发展的步伐。 |
OK阅读网 版权所有(C)2017 | 联系我们