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| GLASGOW — World leaders opened a pivotal climate summit in Scotland on Monday with apocalyptic warnings about the scarce time left to avert catastrophic global warming, yet offered few new commitments to more aggressively cut greenhouse gas emissions. |
| 格拉斯哥——周一，世界各国领导人在苏格兰举行的关键性气候峰会上发出“末日”警告，称避免灾难性全球变暖的时间已经所剩无几，但在更积极地减少温室气体排放方面却没有做出新的承诺。 |
| The gathering, called in the hope that the world could at last agree on meaningful steps to put a rapidly warming planet back on course, is scheduled to last nearly two weeks, but it took only hours for the first bumps to appear. |
| 这次会议召开的目的是希望世界各国最终能就有意义的措施达成一致，让迅速变暖的地球回到正轨。会议原定持续近两周，但是仅过了几个小时就首现冲突。 |
| Long-running fault lines in the global debate over who should be the most responsible for cutting emissions emerged in the opening speeches of the assembled heads of state. So did barbs aimed at two major greenhouse gas emitters, China and Russia, whose leaders did not attend. And so did the tensions between the globe’s rich and poor, as less-developed countries demanded more aid and swifter action from wealthier ones. |
| 与会国家元首的开幕演讲暴露出谁应对减排负最大责任这一全球辩论中长期存在的分歧。针对中国和俄罗斯这两个主要温室气体排放国的尖锐批评也不绝于耳，但这两个国家的领导人都没有出席会议。随着欠发达国家要求富裕国家提供更多援助和采取更迅速的行动，全球贫富之间的紧张关系也暴露出来。 |
| For his part, President Biden apologized Monday for former President Donald J. Trump’s hostility toward the global warming fight, saying it had “put us sort of behind the eight ball.” |
| 周一，拜登总统为前总统唐纳德·J·特朗普(Donald J. Trump)对阻止全球变暖行动的敌意道歉，称这“让我们陷入了困境”。 |
| Addressing leaders of the more than 120 countries represented at the summit on Monday, the United Nations secretary general, António Guterres, said the effects of a warming planet were being felt “from the ocean depths to the mountaintops.” |
| 联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯(António Guterres)周一向出席峰会的120多个国家的领导人表示，“从海洋深处到高山之巅”，人们都能感受到全球变暖的影响。 |
| “Enough of burning and drilling and mining our way deeper,” Mr. Guterres said. “We are digging our own graves.” |
| “必须阻止一味燃烧、钻探、挖掘的模式，”古特雷斯说。“我们正在自掘坟墓。” |
| Oceans are hotter than ever, parts of the Amazon rain forest emit more carbon than they absorb, and over the last decade about four billion people were affected by events related to the changing climate. In the past year alone, deadly floods hit Germany and China, heat waves killed nearly 200 people in the Pacific Northwest and so-called zombie wildfires raged in the Arctic. |
| 海洋温度比以往任何时候都高，亚马逊雨林部分地区排放的碳比吸收的更多，在过去十年中，约有40亿人受到与气候变化有关的事件的影响。仅在过去一年，致命洪水袭击了德国和中国，热浪在太平洋西北部造成近200人死亡，所谓的“僵尸野火”在北极肆虐。 |
| Prime Minister Boris Johnson of Britain compared the race to stop global warming to a spy thriller, warning that “a red digital clock ticks down remorselessly to a detonation that will end human life as we know it.” |
| 英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)将阻止全球变暖的竞赛比作间谍惊悚片，他警告，“一个红色的数字时钟在无情地滴答作响，直到发生一场结束我们所知的人类生活的爆炸。” |
| “We are in roughly the same position, my fellow global leaders, as James Bond today,” Mr. Johnson said. “The tragedy is this is not a movie, and the doomsday device is real.” |
| “各位全球领导人，我们现在的处境和詹姆斯·邦德(James Bond)大致相同，”约翰逊说。“可悲的是，这不是电影，末日装置是真的。” |
| But for all the dire warnings Monday, there was little in the way of specific proposals about how to reduce emissions in the immediate future. |
| 但是，尽管周一有那么多可怕的警告，关于如何在近期内减少排放的具体建议却很少。 |
| India, which has contributed relatively little to the world’s emissions thus far but looms as a growing source of them, announced new targets that will keep coal at the heart of its power sector for at least a decade. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said India would also increase its 2030 target for using renewable energy, such as solar power. |
| 印度宣布了新的目标，将在至少10年内保持煤炭在电力行业的核心地位。迄今为止，该国对全球排放中的份额相对较小，但逐渐成为日益增长的排放源。印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi )表示，印度还将提高其2030年使用太阳能等可再生能源的目标。 |
| Brazil, where deforestation is at its highest level since 2012, announced that it would end illegal deforestation by 2048 and cut its greenhouse emissions in half by the end of the decade. Previously the government had agreed to cut emissions about 43 percent this decade. |
| 巴西的森林砍伐达到2012年以来的最高水平，该国宣布将在2048年结束非法森林砍伐，并在这个十年结束之前将温室气体排放量减少一半。此前政府同意在这个十年内削减约43%的排放量。 |
| John Kerry, the U.S. presidential envoy for climate change, hailed the new target as adding “crucial momentum.” But environmental groups dismissed the announcement as an attempt to build good will with the United States and said the world should be skeptical about the intentions of President Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil. |
| 美国总统气候变化特使约翰·克里(John Kerry)称赞这项新目标增加了“至关重要的动力”。但环保组织认为，这一声明只是为了与美国建立友好关系，并表示全世界都应该对巴西总统贾尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)的意图表示怀疑。 |
| Mr. Biden urged countries to cooperate in the fight, emphasizing the potential creation of millions of jobs worldwide related to lower-emission technologies. |
| 拜登敦促各国在这场斗争中进行合作，并强调低排放技术能为全球创造数百万个潜在就业机会。 |
| “We’re still falling short,” Mr. Biden said. “There is no more time to hang back or sit on the fence or argue amongst ourselves. This is a challenge of our collective lifetime.” |
| “我们仍然没有达到目标，”拜登说。“我们没有时间犹豫不前、骑墙观望或彼此争论了。这是我们面临的共同挑战。” |
| The underlying tension of the summit is the stark disconnect between what the leaders of the biggest global warmers have so far promised and what scientists and civic leaders say must be done. |
| 此次峰会的潜在紧张关系在于，迄今为止全球变暖大国领导人所承诺的，与科学家和民间领袖认为必须采取的行动之间存在明显的脱节。 |
| There is also a disconnect between what has been promised and what has been actually delivered. Leaders of developing countries reminded the summit, for example, that poorer nations have yet to receive the $100 billion in annual climate aid by 2020 that was once pledged. |
| 在承诺和实际履行之间也存在着脱节。例如，发展中国家的领导人提醒峰会，较贫穷国家还没有收到曾经承诺的到2020年每年1000亿美元的气候援助。 |
| Several leaders, among them Sheikh Hasina, the prime minister of Bangladesh, and Gaston Browne, the prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda, pressed forcefully for a discussion of loss and damage. They are, in effect, demanding reparations of a sort for countries that bear little responsibility for the emissions warming the earth — but are already suffering the effects. |
| 包括孟加拉国总理谢赫·哈西娜(Sheikh Hasina)、安提瓜和巴布达总理加斯顿·布朗(Gaston Browne)在内，一些领导人强烈要求讨论损失和破坏情况。他们实际上是在为那些对地球变暖的排放几乎没有责任，但已经受到影响的国家寻求某种赔偿。 |
| Experts say the commitments countries have made to reduce emissions are nowhere close to what is necessary. And there remains a question about whether even those limited commitments can be met. |
| 专家表示，各国为减少排放所做的承诺远未达到必要水平。而且，即使是这些有限的承诺是否能兑现，也仍然是一个问题。 |
| In the United States, Mr. Biden is struggling to deliver on his ambitious climate targets. He spent much of Monday talking up his “Build Back Better” climate and social policy proposals. But in fact his administration had already been forced to abandon the centerpiece policy of that bill — a measure that would incentivize the power sector to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy — because of objections by Senator Joe Manchin III of coal-reliant West Virginia. |
| 在美国，拜登正在努力实现他雄心勃勃的气候目标。周一的大部分时间里，他都在谈论他的“重建更美好未来”(Build Back Better)气候和社会政策建议。但事实上，由于依赖煤炭的西弗吉尼亚州的参议员乔·曼钦三世(Joe Manchin III)的反对，他的政府已经被迫放弃该法案的核心政策——一项将激励电力行业从化石燃料转向可再生能源的措施。 |
| Mr. Biden scaled back his bill and proposed instead spending $550 billion in tax credits for renewable energy, electric vehicles and other efforts to fight climate change. That would have helped get the United States halfway to Mr. Biden’s goal of cutting emissions up to 52 percent from 2005 by the end of the decade. |
| 拜登缩减了他的法案，改为提议在可再生能源、电动汽车和其他应对气候变化的努力中提供5500亿美元的税收抵免。这将有助于美国实现拜登的目标，即到本十年末将排放量比2005年减少52%。 |
| Mr. Biden’s domestic struggles have not gone unnoticed by leaders and activists all over the world, especially in light of the U.S. history of abandoning global climate efforts, most notably the Paris accords, which the Obama administration signed, the Trump administration abandoned and the Biden administration rejoined. |
| 世界各地的领导人和活动人士注意到了拜登在国内的困境，尤其是考虑到美国曾经放弃全球气候努力，最明显的是《巴黎协定》，它由奥巴马政府签署，特朗普政府放弃，后由拜登政府重新加入。 |
| “You know, the U.S. lost five years,” Mohamed Nasheed, the former president of the Maldives, said in an interview. |
| “你知道，美国失去了五年的时间，”马尔代夫前总统穆罕默德·纳希德(Mohamed Nasheed)在接受采访时说。 |
| Mr. Biden addressed the issue directly at the summit. |
| 拜登在峰会上直接谈到了这个问题。 |
| “I guess I shouldn’t apologize,” he said, “but I do apologize for the fact the United States, in the last administration, pulled out of the Paris Accords and put us sort of behind the eight ball.” |
| “我想我不应该道歉，”他说，“但我确实为美国上届政府退出《巴黎气候协定》，使我们身陷困境道歉。” |
| Mr. Nasheed, whose low-lying island nation in the Indian Ocean is existentially threatened by climate change-driven sea level rise, said Mr. Biden had a higher bar to meet because of the Trump administration’s actions. |
| 印度洋上的低洼岛国马尔代夫受到气候变化导致的海平面上升的生存威胁，纳希德说，由于特朗普政府的退出，拜登要满足更高的标准。 |
| “They’ve come back again, but their ambition must be much higher,” Mr. Nasheed said. “The United States is the richest country on the planet. They of course have emitted more carbon than anyone else. And there’s a historical responsibility, therefore, to make it right.” |
| “他们又回来了，但他们的目标必须更高，”纳希德说。“美国是地球上最富有的国家。他们当然比其他国家的碳排放量更多。因此，他们有挽回的历史责任。” |
| Activists from the United States, too, denounced Mr. Biden’s speech. |
| 来自美国的活动人士也谴责拜登的演讲。 |
| Varshini Prakash, executive director of the Sunrise Movement, a youth-led climate change nonprofit, called the president’s exhortation to other nations to cut emissions “humiliating” given his failure to pass climate legislation at home. |
| 由青年领导的气候变化非营利组织日出运动(Sunrise Movement)的执行干事瓦尔希尼·普拉卡什(Varshini Prakash)称，鉴于总统未能在国内通过气候立法，却对其他国家进行减排劝告，他应为此感到“羞耻”。 |
| Mr. Biden tried to cast the United States as a leader, and his aides sought to turn international climate ire toward China. Briefing reporters on Air Force One, his national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, called the Chinese “significant outliers” and said Beijing had “an obligation to step up to greater ambition as we go forward.” |
| 拜登试图将美国视为领导者，而他的助手则试图将国际气候问题的愤怒转向中国。在空军一号上向记者作简报时，他的国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文称中国为“重要的局外人”，并说北京“有义务在我们前进的过程中向更大的目标迈进”。 |
| The absence at the summit of leaders from Russia and China cast doubts on how united the world can be in the struggle. |
| 俄罗斯和中国领导人缺席峰会让人怀疑世界在困境中是否能团结。 |
| China, the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter, proposed a new emissions target that is largely indistinguishable from one it made six years ago. Russia has not made any new pledges to draw down climate pollution this decade. |
| 作为世界上最大的温室气体排放国，中国提出了一个新的减排目标，该目标与它六年前制定的目标几乎没有区别。俄罗斯在这十年中没有做出任何新的承诺来减少气候污染。 |
| At the United States summit pavilion, the White House domestic climate adviser, Gina McCarthy, said she believed the world grasped America’s legislative struggles and expressed confidence a bill with strong climate provisions would be passed. |
| 在美国峰会馆，白宫国内气候顾问吉娜·麦卡锡(Gina McCarthy)表示，她相信世界已经理解了美国的立法困境，并表示有信心通过一项具有强有力气候条款的法案。 |
| “I do hope they understand,” she said. “The president wants to pass it very soon, and I think he expects it.” |
| “我确实希望他们理解，”她说。“总统想要快速通过这个法案，并且我认为他预计法案将会通过。” |
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