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| Read Part One Here. |
| 阅读《纽约时报》系列报道《中美钴矿争夺战》（上）。 |
| ‘Safety Is Just on Paper’ |
| “安全只是一纸空文” |
| At first, the changes seemed almost trivial at Tenke Fungurume — a 24-hour operation that employs more than 7,000 across a landscape the size of Los Angeles marked by deep craters and dust kicked up by earth-moving vehicles. |
| 腾科–丰谷鲁美矿易主带来的变化刚开始时似乎不重要。该矿连续24小时运转，有7000多名员工，矿区面积与洛杉矶不相上下，到处都是正在开挖的深坑和运土车辆扬起的尘土。 |
| The new Chinese managers showed up in shorts and sneakers, a shock to employees who had been required to wear steel-toed boots and safety goggles. |
| 新来的中国经理们穿着短裤和运动鞋来到了矿区，这一幕让曾被要求穿钢头靴子、戴安全护目镜的员工们感到震惊。 |
| “We were like, ‘Oh, this is not possible,’” said Pierrot Kitobo Sambisaya, who worked as a metallurgist at the mine for a decade until 2019 and had grown accustomed to a stricter environment. |
| “我们当时想的是，‘哦，这不可能，’”皮埃罗·基托博·桑比萨亚说，他曾在该矿当过10年冶金师，直到2019年，早已习惯于更严格的安全环境。 |
| Soon, work anniversaries came and went with no recognition. Holiday parties where workers’ families were invited to tour the mine no longer took place. Dozens of janitor and driver jobs once held by Congolese citizens went to the Chinese. |
| 很快，工作周年纪念日到了又过了，没有任何活动。也不再举行邀请工人家属参观矿区的节日聚会。许多曾经由刚果公民担任的看门人和司机等工作岗位换成了中国人。 |
| That was just the start. Employees were concerned that the mine was also becoming more dangerous, according to interviews with workers in communities surrounding the mine, current and former safety inspectors, Congolese government officials and mining executives. |
| 这仅仅是开始。据对矿区周围社区的工人、现任和前任安全检查员、刚果政府官员和矿业高管的采访，员工们也开始担心矿区正在变得越来越不安全。 |
| Workers climbed into acid tanks to conduct repairs without checking the air quality. Others drove bulldozers and other heavy equipment without training or did dangerous welding jobs without proper oversight. |
| 不做空气质量检测，工人就爬进酸罐进行维修。还有些人未经培训就驾驶推土机和其他重型设备，或在没有适当监督的情况下从事危险的焊接工作。 |
| Last year, a worker was sitting in his truck while it was being towed, and it flipped. The worker tried to jump to safety, but the truck landed on him and crushed him to death, according to an annual operations report from China Molybdenum. |
| 去年，一辆卡车被拖走时，里面竟坐着一名工人，卡车突然侧翻。据洛阳钼业的一份年度报告，那名工人试图跳出车门逃生，但卡车倒在他身上，将他压死。 |
| All of it was an extreme departure from the company’s American predecessor, which had “zero tolerance” for risky activities and safety violations, according to Alfred Kiloko Makeba, the veteran safety supervisor, and 10 other current and former employees, managers and contractors. |
| 据经验丰富的安全主管阿尔弗雷德·基洛科·马凯巴以及其他10名现任和前任员工、经理和承包商说，所有这一切都与该矿之前美国主人的做法截然不同，后者对危险活动和违反安全规定的行为“零容忍”。 |
| Freeport-McMoRan, which had built the mine, had learned some hard lessons years before at its copper and gold mine in Indonesia, facing international protest over its dumping toxic mine waste into a river in the rainforest as well as violent conflicts over its operations there. |
| 在这里建矿的麦克莫兰自由港公司多年前从其印尼的铜金矿吸取了一些惨痛教训，公司将有毒的矿山废料倒入热带雨林一条河流的做法曾引发国际社会的抗议，公司在印尼的运作也曾引发过暴力冲突。 |
| In Congo, the company had its own struggles as it moved to build Tenke Fungurume, displacing more than 1,500 residents in a haphazard process. But once the mine opened, it gained an unusual amount of respect for its commitment to worker safety, both among local officials and U.S. diplomats. |
| 麦克莫兰自由港公司在刚果建腾科–丰谷鲁美矿时也在当地遇到了困难，1500多名居民的搬迁过程组织混乱。但一旦矿区开工后，公司对工人安全的投入，在当地官员和美国外交官中赢得了少有的称赞。 |
| Worker safety is an issue at other industrial mines in Congo, but under Freeport, employees who violated rules were immediately disciplined or fired, safety officers said. Records examined by The Times show just one reported death among workers during the eight years Freeport-McMoRan ran the mine, although it repeatedly published accounts of near-fatal accidents as cautionary guides. |
| 工人安全是刚果其他工业矿区的一个问题，但在麦克莫兰自由港公司，安全官员说，违反规定的员工会马上受到纪律处分或被立刻解雇。时报查阅的记录显示，在麦克莫兰自由港公司经营该矿的八年中，只有一名工人死亡的报告，但公司通报了多次差点导致死亡的事故，将其作为警示指导。 |
| When safety inspectors discovered violations after China Molybdenum took over, they were sometimes told to overlook them, or offered bribes to do so, workers and supervisors said. And when they did try to enforce the rules, violence sometimes followed. |
| 工人和监工说，洛阳钼业收购矿区后，当安全检查人员发现安全违规时，他们有时会被矿方告知忽视这些违规行为，矿方或者还为他们这样做提供贿赂。当他们的确试图坚持规则时，有时会发生暴力。 |
| One safety officer said he was thrown to the ground by a worker he had called out for improperly using welding equipment. The man twisted his arm and broke his cellphone and work-issue camera. |
| 一名安全员说，他指出一名工人使用焊接设备方法不当后，该工人猛力将他推到在地，扭断他的胳膊，还摔坏了他的手机和工作发的相机。 |
| An executive at Gécamines, the Congolese agency that is a minority shareholder in the mine, said employees had reported confrontations and safety problems to the agency’s board. Safety issues are now part of a broader review of China Molybdenum’s operations. |
| 刚果国有企业采石和矿业总公司是腾科–丰谷鲁美矿的少数股东，该机构的一名高管说，矿区员工曾向这家刚果国企的董事会投诉冲突和安全问题。安全问题现已成为对洛阳钼业运作的更广泛评估的一部分。 |
| Mr. Zhou, the China Molybdenum spokesman, denied that any inspectors had been assaulted. The allegations, he suggested, were probably being fabricated by fired employees. |
| 洛阳钼业发言人文森特·周否认发生过检查人员遇袭的事情。他暗示，这些指控可能是被解雇的员工捏造出来的。 |
| In a statement to The Times, he said the mine had “a robust occupational health and safety framework in place and continues to exercise its zero tolerance rules.” In fact, he said, “internal statistics” published in a company report this year showed that worker injuries had declined since the company took over. |
| 文森特·周在发给时报的一份声明中说，该矿有“健全的职业健康和安全机制，继续行使零容忍规定”。他说，事实上，今年的一份公司报告发布的“内部统计数据”显示，自公司接管矿区以来，工伤事故有所减少。 |
| But employees who said they had been repeatedly told not to report injuries believed the data was being fixed as part of a campaign to cover up rising hazards. |
| 但据被多次告知不要报告工伤问题的员工说，他们认为，为了努力掩盖越来越多的风险，公司修改了数据。 |
| That suggestion, which The Times was not able to independently confirm and which China Molybdenum disputed, was crystallized for Mr. Makeba one evening last year when he received an urgent phone call. A worker at the mine had fallen from a high perch after not wearing the required safety harness, he said. |
| 时报无法独立核实这个说法，洛阳钼业也对其表示异议。但马凯巴在去年的一个晚上接到的一个紧急电话，让这个问题显露出来。他说，矿区的一名工人登高操作时没有按要求戴上安全带，导致他从高处跌落。 |
| Mr. Makeba rushed to the site and was shocked to learn, he said, that the worker, who had broken his leg, had been taken to a private clinic instead of the mine’s. |
| 马凯巴赶到现场后震惊地得知，这名摔断了腿的工人被送往一家私人诊所，而不是矿区的诊所，他说。 |
| Mr. Makeba said the employee told him that his supervisors had paid him to keep quiet so that it would not be reported to management, where it would show up on the company’s audited injury tally. |
| 马凯巴说，这名工人告诉他，监工给了他钱让他保持沉默，这样这件事就不会报告给管理层，也就不会出现在公司经过审计的工伤统计中。 |
| When Mr. Makeba alerted his own boss, he said, he was told to drop the matter. |
| 马凯巴说，当他把这件事告诉自己的上司时，上司叫他不要管这件事。 |
| Mr. Zhou rejected Mr. Makeba’s account, adding that “any form of cover-up in disclosures is against rules, and corporate values.” |
| 文森特·周驳斥了马凯巴的说法，并补充说，“披露中任何形式的隐瞒都违反规定和公司价值观。” |
| But according to Mr. Makeba and another safety manager still working at the mine, labor conditions have become increasingly important to automakers sensitive to consumer and shareholder demands. So China Molybdenum, they said, has blocked them from reporting near fatalities and routinely ignored other injuries. |
| 但据马凯巴和另一名仍在矿区工作的安全经理说，对消费者和股东要求很敏感的汽车制造商已将工人的工作环境看得越来越重要。他们说，所以，洛阳钼业已阻止他们报告差点导致死亡的事故，而且经常性地对其他受伤事故视而不见。 |
| “Safety is just on paper now,” Mr. Makeba said. |
| “安全现在只是一纸空文，”马凯巴说。 |
| Problems at Tenke Fungurume are not just limited to employees’ complaints inside the mine. |
| 腾科–丰谷鲁美矿的问题不仅限于矿区员工的抱怨。 |
| Freeport-McMoRan had struggled with trespassers who carted off bags of cobalt. Some even died when hand-dug tunnels flooded or collapsed. |
| 麦克莫兰自由港公司曾与非法进入矿区将一袋袋钴矿石拉走的人斗争。甚至发生过挖隧道偷入矿区的人，因隧道被水淹没或坍塌而死亡的事情。 |
| With China Molybdenum in charge, the conflict became much worse. |
| 洛阳钼业接手矿区后，这种冲突变得更严重了。 |
| The company, faced with thousands of newly arriving trespassers, asked the government to send soldiers to help control the situation, one executive who worked at the mine back then told The Times. |
| 当时在矿区工作的一名高管告诉时报，面对数千名新来的非法进入者，洛阳钼业要求刚果政府派军队帮助控制局面。 |
| The military arrived and began patrolling Tenke Fungurume and other local mines, bulldozing depots where trespassers were selling their cobalt rocks to traders. |
| 军队来了后开始在腾科–丰谷鲁美矿和其他当地矿区巡逻，并捣毁了盗矿者向商人出售钴矿石的仓库。 |
| The troops remained for months, and the situation eventually turned deadly. A soldier at Tenke Fungurume opened fire, killing an unauthorized digger, according to an employee who told The Times he had witnessed the encounter. |
| 军队在矿区驻了几个月，最终导致了致命事件发生。一名腾科–丰谷鲁美矿的士兵开枪打死了一名非法进矿区挖矿石的人，一名目睹了该事件的员工告诉时报说。 |
| Riots then erupted in the man’s home village when friends arrived carrying his body. In the melee, a protester was shot dead, according to three local officials and the mine employee. |
| 死者的朋友把他的尸体拉回家乡后，那里爆发了骚乱。据三名当地官员和上述矿区员工说，骚乱中，一名抗议者被子弹击中死亡。 |
| China Molybdenum paid for the burials, they said. |
| 他们说，洛阳钼业支付了这几个人的安葬费。 |
| Troops with AK-47s were posted outside the mine this year, along with security guards hired from a company founded by Erik Prince, the former Navy SEAL turned private security consultant. |
| 今年，矿区外有携带AK-47步枪的军人站岗，还有从一家公司雇来的保安人员，该公司的创始人埃里克·普林斯曾是美国海军海豹突击队队员，现为私人安全顾问。 |
| Even as this crackdown on theft was underway, the new managers at the mine were looking for ways to cut costs while increasing production. |
| 在打击盗矿行动的同时，腾科–丰谷鲁美矿的新经理们也在寻找削减成本的同时增加产量的方法。 |
| China Molybdenum said it had saved more than $130 million a year through its “cost and efficiency” programs. “New management revitalizes the business by bringing ‘Chinese efficiency and Chinese elements,’” the company boasts on its website. |
| 洛阳钼业称通过“降本增效”，公司生产运营现金成本削减了约3.65亿美元，公司在其网站上自夸道，“自中方管理团队全面接管以来，‘中国效率、中国元素’使该业务焕发新的生机。” |
| The Rush to Expand |
| 急于扩张 |
| China Molybdenum is steadily growing its output. Last December, it snatched up Kisanfu, paying Freeport-McMoRan $550 million for what is considered one of the world’s largest untapped supplies of cobalt. The ground underneath the site contains enough cobalt, according to China Molybdenum’s estimates, to power hundreds of millions of long-range Teslas. |
| 洛阳钼业正在稳步地增加产量。去年12月，公司花了5.5亿美元从麦克莫兰自由港公司手中买下了桑基富矿，该矿被认为是世界上最大的尚未开发的钴矿之一。据洛阳钼业估计，桑基富矿区下的钴储量足以为数亿辆长续航特斯拉提供动力。 |
| And then in August, China Molybdenum announced plans to spend $2.5 billion at Tenke Fungurume to double production over the next two years. When the expansion is complete, the mine will produce nearly 40,000 tons a year. Last year, the United States produced just 600 tons. |
| 今年8月，洛阳钼业宣布了向腾科–丰谷鲁美矿投资25亿美元的计划，以在未来两年内将产量提高一倍。扩建完成后，该矿每年的钴产量将达到近4万吨。美国去年的钴产量仅600吨。 |
| This rush to expand, however, has drawn scrutiny from top government officials in Congo, reaching all the way to Mr. Tshisekedi, the president. |
| 但是，这种急于扩张的做法已引起刚果政府高级官员，乃至齐塞克迪总统的密切关注。 |
| Questions have surfaced over payments Tenke Fungurume’s operators may owe to Congo, dating back to when the American company controlled the mine. When new deposits are confirmed at Tenke Fungurume, the owners are required to notify Gécamines, the Congolese agency, and pay $12 for every additional ton. |
| 关于腾科–丰谷鲁美矿的运营商可能拖欠刚果款项的问题已浮出水面，欠款问题可以一直追溯到美国公司掌管该矿的时候。根据采矿协议，腾科–丰谷鲁美矿区确定新矿床后，矿主必须通知该矿的刚果股东采石和矿业总公司，向其支付每吨12美元的新矿床使用费。 |
| The accusations have provoked a bitter dispute between Congolese officials and the mine managers, with China Molybdenum’s spokesman calling the allegations “unbelievable, wrong calculations” based on an accounting error. |
| 这些指控已在刚果官员与矿主之间引发了激烈争论。洛阳钼业的发言人称指控“令人难以置信，是（会计差错基础上的）计算错误”。 |
| Gécamines executives have discussed forcing out the management at Tenke Fungurume or even taking the mine out of China Molybdenum’s control, according to two Congolese mining executives involved in confidential discussions as well as a government official briefed on the talks. |
| 据参与了保密讨论的两名刚果矿业高管和一名了解有关讨论的政府官员说，刚果采石和矿业总公司的高管已讨论过迫使腾科–丰谷鲁美矿管理层离职，甚至将该矿从洛阳钼业手中拿走的问题。 |
| Robert North, a New Mexico-based geologist who has helped prepare reserve estimates at the mine for Freeport and China Molybdenum, said both companies as well as Gécamines knew of large amounts of cobalt underground at the site. China Molybdenum has been cautious in declaring it, he said, until the company knows it wants to go to the expense of extracting the deeper layers. |
| 家住新墨西哥州的地质学家罗伯特·诺斯曾帮助麦克莫兰自由港公司和洛阳钼业估算该矿区的储量。诺斯说，这两家公司和刚果采石和矿业总公司都知道矿区地下有大量的钴储量。他说，洛阳钼业对宣布储量一直颇为谨慎，直到公司知道它想花钱开采更深的矿层后才会宣布。 |
| Mr. Tshisekedi’s commission is still investigating the allegations, and the president himself recently presided over a tense, six-hour meeting with top company executives. |
| 齐塞克迪的委员会仍在对这些指控进行调查，总统本人最近主持了一次与公司高管召开的会议，长达六个小时的会议气氛紧张。 |
| Separately, the Congolese government, with financial assistance from the United States, is examining numerous mining contracts to determine whether Congo has been shortchanged more broadly. While the Chinese-funded infrastructure projects got off to a flashy start, many have not been built, officials said. |
| 刚果政府在美国的财政帮助下，正在单独开展审查大批采矿合同的工作，以确定刚果是否存在更大范围的吃亏情况。官员们说，虽然中国资助的基础设施项目开工时大张旗鼓，但许多项目都还没有建成。 |
| During a visit to the cobalt-mining region this year, the president acknowledged that corrupt or incompetent government officials in Congo might deserve some blame for deals that have left the nation feeling shortchanged. |
| 齐塞克迪总统今年视察一个钴矿开采地区时承认，刚果政府官员的腐败或无能也许应当为达成让国家吃亏的协议承担部分责任。 |
| “Some of our compatriots had badly negotiated the mining contracts,” he said. “I’m very harsh on these investors who come to enrich themselves alone. They come with empty pockets and leave as billionaires.” |
| “我们的一些同胞们谈成的采矿合同很糟糕，”齐塞克迪说。“我对这些只为自己发财而来的投资者很严厉。他们来的时候两手空空，走的时候已是亿万富翁。” |
| Chinese government officials insist that the relationship is still on track and that the benefits to Congo are substantial. |
| 中国政府官员坚称，中国与刚果的关系仍然正常，中国给刚果带来的好处巨大。 |
| The countries have a “longstanding friendship, and the bilateral practical cooperation has yielded fruitful win-win results and enjoys broad prospects,” Zhao Lijian, spokesman for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said at a news conference in September. |
| 两国“友谊源远流长，两国务实合作互利共赢、成果丰硕、前景广阔”，中国外交部发言人赵立坚在今年9月的一次例行记者会上说。 |
| In an interview in Kinshasa, Mr. Tshisekedi said that his focus was not on which foreign power would dominate mining in Congo, but rather on how his country could share in the wealth generated by the clean energy revolution. |
| 齐塞克迪在金沙萨接受采访时说，他关注的不是哪个外国势力主宰刚果的矿业，而是他的国家如何分享清洁能源革命带来的财富。 |
| “We have an amazing potential for renewable energy, be it through our strategic metals or through our rivers,” he said, referring to both mining and hydroelectric power. “Our idea is, how can we put this amazing resource at the disposal of the world, but while making sure that it first benefits Congolese and it benefits Africans?” |
| “我们在可再生能源方面有惊人的潜力，无论是在我们的战略金属方面，还是在我们的河流方面，”他说，他指的是采矿和水力发电。“我们的想法是，我们如何在将这些惊人的资源提供给世界使用的同时，确保其首先造福于刚果人和非洲人？” |
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