前国务卿鲍威尔因新冠并发症去世，曾重塑美国国安政策_OK阅读网
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前国务卿鲍威尔因新冠并发症去世，曾重塑美国国安政策
Colin Powell, Who Shaped U.S. National Security, Dies at 84

来源：纽约时报    2021-10-19 04:08



        Colin L. Powell, who in four decades of public life served as the nation’s top soldier, diplomat and national security adviser, and whose speech at the United Nations in 2003 helped pave the way for the United States to go to war in Iraq, died on Monday. He was 84.
        在40年的供职生涯中担任过美国最高级别军人、外交官和国家安全顾问，以2003年在联合国的演讲为美国出兵伊拉克铺平道路的科林·L·鲍威尔(Colin L. Powell)于周一去世，享年84岁。
        The cause was complications of COVID-19, his family said in a statement, adding that he had been vaccinated and was being treated at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, when he died there.
        他的家人在声明中说，他因新冠并发症病故，并说他曾接种疫苗。他在马里兰州贝塞斯达的沃尔特·里德国家军事医疗中心(Walter Reed National Military Medical Center)接受治疗时去世。
        A spokesperson said his immune system had been compromised by multiple myeloma, for which he had been undergoing treatment. He had been due to receive a booster shot for his vaccine last week, she said, but had to postpone it when he fell ill. He had also been treated for early stages of Parkinson’s disease, she said.
        一位发言人说，他的免疫系统遭多发性骨髓瘤损害，他一直在为此接受治疗。她说，鲍威尔本应在上周接受疫苗加强针，但因病情不得不推迟。她说他还接受过早期帕金森病的治疗。
        Powell was a pathbreaker serving as the country’s first Black national security adviser, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and secretary of state. Beginning with his 35 years in the Army, Powell was emblematic of the ability of minorities to use the military as a ladder of opportunity.
        鲍威尔是一位开创者，是美国第一位担任国家安全顾问、参谋长联席会议主席和国务卿的黑人。从35年的陆军服役生涯开始，鲍威尔成了少数族裔也可以利用军队作为机会阶梯的象征。
        His was a classic American success story. Born in Harlem of Jamaican parents, Powell grew up in the South Bronx and graduated from City College of New York, joining the Army through the ROTC. Starting as a young second lieutenant commissioned in the dawn of a newly desegregated Army, Powell served two decorated combat tours in Vietnam. He was later national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan at the end of the Cold War, helping negotiate arms treaties and an era of cooperation with the Soviet president, Mikhail Gorbachev.
        他是一个典型的美国成功故事。鲍威尔出生在纽约哈莱姆区一个牙买加裔家庭。他在南布朗克斯长大，毕业于纽约城市学院(City College of New York)，通过后备军官训练队(ROTC)参军。作为一名年轻的少尉，鲍威尔在刚刚废除种族隔离的美国陆军服役，两次赴越南作战获得嘉奖。在冷战末期，他担任了罗纳德·里根(Ronald Reagan)总统的国家安全顾问，参与军备条约的谈判以及与苏联总统米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)的合作。
        As chairman of the Joint Chiefs, Powell was the architect of the invasion of Panama in 1989 and of the Persian Gulf War in 1991, which ousted Saddam Hussein from Kuwait but left him in power in Iraq.
        作为参谋长联席会议主席，鲍威尔是1989年入侵巴拿马和1991年波斯湾战争的策划者。波斯湾战争将萨达姆·侯赛因(Saddam Hussein)逐出科威特，但他在伊拉克继续掌权。
        By the time he retired from the military in 1993, Powell was the most popular public figure in America, owing to his straightforwardness, his leadership qualities and his ability to speak in blunt tones that Americans appreciated.
        到1993年退伍时，由于他的坦诚和领导才能，以及他能用美国人欣赏的直率语气说话的本事，鲍威尔已经成为美国最受欢迎的公众人物。
        In an interview with The New York Times in 2007, he analyzed himself in the third person: “Powell is a problem-solver. He was taught as a soldier to solve problems. So he has views, but he’s not an ideologue. He has passion but he’s not a fanatic. He’s first and foremost a problem-solver.”
        在2007年接受《纽约时报》采访时，他以第三人称分析自己：“鲍威尔是一个问题解决者。作为一名士兵，他被教导如何解决问题。所以，他有观点，但他不是理论家。他有激情，但不是狂热分子。他首先是个善于解决问题的人。”
        Once retired, Powell, a lifelong independent while in uniform, was courted as a presidential contender by Republicans and Democrats, becoming America’s most political general since Dwight D. Eisenhower. He wrote a bestselling memoir, “My American Journey,” and flirted with a run for the presidency before deciding in 1995 that campaigning for office wasn’t for him.
        退伍后，鲍威尔作为一名服役期间始终保持独立的人，被共和党和民主党都视为总统的竞争者，成为自德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔(Dwight D. Eisenhower)以来美国最具政治影响力的将军。他写了一本畅销回忆录《我的美国之路》(My American Journey)，也曾有过竞选总统的念头，但在1995年，他认定竞选公职不适合他。
        He returned to public service in 2001 as secretary of state to President George W. Bush, whose father Powell had served as chairman of the Joint Chiefs a decade earlier. In taking the job, Powell followed the footsteps of one of his heroes, Gen. George Marshall, who served as secretary of state to Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman.
        2001年，他重返公共服务领域，担任乔治·W·布什(George W. Bush)总统的国务卿，10年前鲍威尔曾担任后者的父亲老布什总统的参谋长联席会议主席。鲍威尔接受这份工作是在追随他心目中的英雄乔治·马歇尔将军(George Marshall)的脚步——马歇尔曾担任富兰克林·罗斯福(Franklin Roosevelt)总统和哈里·杜鲁门(Harry Truman)总统的国务卿。
        But in the Bush administration, Powell was the odd man out, fighting internally with Vice President Dick Cheney and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for the ear of Bush and for foreign policy dominance.
        但在布什政府，鲍威尔是个局外人，为争夺对布什的影响力和外交政策的主导权，与副总统迪克·切尼(Dick Cheney)和国防部长唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德(Donald Rumsfeld)展开内部斗争。
        He left at the end of Bush’s first term under the cloud of the ever-worsening war in Iraq begun after Sept. 11, and growing questions about whether he could have and should have done more to object to it. Those questions swirled in part around his U.N. speech, which was based on false intelligence, and which became the source of lifelong regret.
        在始于9·11事件的伊拉克战争不断恶化的阴影之下，他在布什第一个任期结束时离开了，而且越来越多的人质疑他是否可以、也应该做更多的事情来反对这场战争。这些问题在一定程度上围绕着他在联合国的演讲展开，那次演讲基于错误的情报，成为他终生遗憾的根源。
        He kept a low profile for the next few years, but with just over two weeks left in the 2008 presidential campaign, Powell, a declared Republican, gave a forceful endorsement to Sen. Barack Obama, a Democrat, calling him a “transformational figure.” Powell’s backing was criticized by conservative Republicans. But it eased the doubts among some independents, moderates and even some moderates in his own party, and largely neutralized concerns about Obama’s lack of experience to be commander in chief.
        在接下来的几年里，鲍威尔一直保持低调，但在2008年距离总统竞选只剩两周多的时候，身为共和党人的鲍威尔为民主党参议员奥巴马提供了有力的背书，称他是一个“变革性人物”。鲍威尔的支持受到了保守派共和党人的批评。但此举缓解了一些独立人士、温和派甚至共和党内一些温和派的疑虑，并在很大程度上消除了人们对奥巴马缺乏担任三军统帅经验的担忧。
        Colin Luther Powell was born on April 5, 1937, and reared in the ethnically mixed Hunts Point section of the South Bronx. His parents, Luther Powell, a shipping-room foreman in Manhattan’s garment district, and Maud Ariel McKoy, a seamstress, were immigrants from Jamaica.
        科林·路德·鲍威尔生于1937年4月5日，在南布朗克斯区多种族混合的亨斯角长大。他的父亲路德·鲍威尔(Luther Powell)是曼哈顿服装区一间发货库房的工头，母亲莫德·阿里尔·麦科伊(Maud Ariel McKoy)是一名裁缝，两人是来自牙买加的移民。
        While in the service, Powell met Alma Vivian Johnson on a blind date, and they married in August 1962. In addition to his wife, he is survived by two daughters, Linda Powell and Anne Powell Lyons; a son, Michael, who served as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission; and four grandchildren.
        服役期间，鲍威尔通过相亲认识了阿尔玛·维维安·约翰逊(Alma Vivian Johnson)，并于1962年8月结婚。除了妻子，他的遗属还有女儿琳达·鲍威尔(Linda Powell)和安妮·鲍威尔·莱昂斯(Anne Powell Lyons)；曾担任联邦通信委员会(Federal Communications Commission)主席的儿子迈克尔(Michael)；以及四个孙辈。
        Years later, the sting of the United Nations speech still pained him. Yet he sought to move on. “Let others judge me,” Powell said in the 2007 interview. “All I want to do is judge myself as a successful soldier who served his best.”
        多年以后，联合国演讲的刺痛依然让他痛苦。但他试图将这些抛诸脑后向前看。“让别人来评判我吧，”鲍威尔在2007年的采访中说。“我对自己的评价只是一个成功的士兵，尽了自己最大的努力。”
        
        
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