| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
|
| 双语新闻 Bilingual News | 双语对照阅读 分级系列阅读 智能辅助阅读 在线英语学习 |
| [英文] [中文] [双语对照] [双语交替] [] |
| SEOUL — Roh Tae-woo, South Korea’s last military-backed president who forged ties with Communist foes and tolerated the country’s rambunctious transition from dictatorship to democracy, but who ended up in jail for mutiny and corruption, died here on Tuesday. He was 88. |
| 首尔——韩国前总统卢泰愚(Roh Tae-woo)周二去世，享年88岁。他是最后一位军方支持的总统，与共产主义敌人建立了联系，并熬过了该国从独裁到民主的粗暴过渡，但最终因军事叛乱和腐败入狱。 |
| Seoul National University Hospital said Mr. Roh died in an intensive care unit there, but provided no further details. |
| 首尔国立大学医院说，卢泰愚在其重症监护室去世，但没有提供更多细节。 |
| Mr. Roh, who was president from 1988 to 1993, led South Korea through a tumultuous period as a transitional, and largely unpopular, figure between military and civilian rule. |
| 1988年至1993年间，卢泰愚担任韩国总统，作为军事统治和文职统治之间过渡性的且不大受欢迎的人物，带领韩国度过了一个动荡时期。 |
| “He was a bridge between authoritarianism and democracy,” said Lee Chung-hee, a professor emeritus at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. “South Korea went through the transition without suffering a bloody revolution.” |
| “他是威权主义和民主之间的桥梁，”韩国外国语大学名誉教授李正熙（Lee Chung-hee，音）说。“韩国在转型中没有遭遇血腥革命。” |
| Roh Tae-woo was born in Daegu, in southeast Korea, on Dec. 4, 1932, the son of a rural government official who died when Mr. Roh was 7. At the Korean Military Academy he met another poor family’s son, Chun Doo-hwan, and the two forged a friendship that would shape their country’s future. |
| 卢泰愚1932年12月4日出生在韩国东南部的大邱，是村官的儿子。父亲在他七岁时就去世了。在韩国陆军士官学校，他遇到了另一个贫困家庭的儿子全斗焕(Chun Doo-hwan)，两人结下的友谊将塑造他们国家的未来。 |
| Speaking the same dialect and bonded by their regional prejudices, the two men and their allies from Gyeongsang, a southeast province, climbed the army hierarchy, sponsored by the military strongman Park Chung-hee. They pulled each other up through a secret club they formed, called Hanahoe, which roughly means “an association for one-for-all, all-for-one.” |
| 相同的方言加上共同的地缘成见，卢泰愚、全斗焕与同样来自韩国东南部庆尚道的盟友们，在军事强人朴正熙的支持下，在军队里一步步得到提升。他们组建了一个名为“一心会”(Hanahoe)的秘密组织来拉帮结派。 |
| When Mr. Park was assassinated by his spy chief in 1979, Mr. Roh, a division commander charged with guarding the border with North Korea, diverted his troops to support Mr. Chun in a coup on Dec. 12, 1979. Mr. Chun at the time was a major general and head of the Army Intelligence Command. |
| 朴正熙于1979年被手下的间谍头子暗杀，在1979年12月12日的政变中，负责守卫朝韩边界的师长卢泰愚率军支持全斗焕。当时全斗焕是一名少将和陆军情报司令部的负责人。 |
| Seizing power, Mr. Chun deployed tanks and paratroopers into the southwestern city of Gwangju, where citizens rose up in an armed rebellion in May 1980. The resulting blood bath, which came to symbolize the brutality of the South’s military at the time, took at least 191 lives, including 26 soldiers and police officers. |
| 全斗焕在夺取政权后将坦克和伞兵部署到西南城市光州，1980年5月，那里的公民起义发动武装叛乱。该流血事件后来成为了当时韩国军队残暴的标志性事件，至少191人丧生，其中包括26名士兵和警察。 |
| Mr. Roh remained a faithful No. 2 during Mr. Chun’s iron-fisted rule, which lasted until early 1988. He oversaw South Korea’s successful bid for the 1988 Olympics, beating huge odds against Japan’s bid. In a memoir, he wrote that part of his winning strategy was to impress International Olympic Committee members by assigning Korean beauty queens as their personal escorts at I.O.C. meetings. |
| 全斗焕的铁腕统治一直持续到1988年初，卢泰愚一直是忠实的二号人物。他领导韩国成功申办1988年奥运会，击败了胜算极大的日本。在回忆录中，他写道，他的获胜策略的一部分是指派韩国选美佳丽作为国际奥委会成员在开会时的陪同人员，以此打动他们。 |
| In 1987, Mr. Chun handpicked Mr. Roh as the presidential candidate of his ruling party. That effectively made him the next president — the country chose its president by an electoral college filled with pro-government delegates — until citizens rose up in Seoul and other cities to stage huge protests demanding an end to military rule. |
| 1987年，全斗焕提拔卢泰愚为执政党总统候选人。这实际上相当于让他成为下一任总统——韩国总统由一个亲政府代表组成的选举团选出——直到市民在首尔和其他城市举行大规模抗议，要求结束军事统治。 |
| To head off rioting, Mr. Chun and Mr. Roh acceded to demands for political reforms, including holding a popular election. Mr. Roh won that contest easily when the opposition vote was split between two dissident candidates, Kim Young-sam and Kim Dae-jung, who despised each other as much as they disliked military rule. Mr. Roh’s victory made him the country’s first directly elected president in 16 years. |
| 为了防止发生骚乱，全斗焕和卢泰愚同意了政治改革的要求，包括举行普选。卢泰愚轻松赢得了那次普选，因为金泳三(Kim Young-sam)和金大中(Kim Dae-jung)这两位持不同政见的候选人之间分散了反对党的选票，他们两人有多么反对军事统治，就有多看不惯对方。卢泰愚的胜利使他成为韩国16年来第一位通过直接选举产生的总统。 |
| Mr. Roh presided over the opening ceremony of the Olympics, a coming-out party for a nation proud of having built a roaring economy from the ashes of the Korean War. The 1988 Games were a great success despite a North Korean attempt to sabotage them with the bombing of a South Korean passenger jet in 1987, and despite demonstrations by students chanting “Down with dictatorship!” and hurling kerosene bombs. |
| 韩国从朝鲜战争的灰烬中重生，建立起蓬勃发展的经济，卢泰愚主持的奥运会开幕式是一个为此自豪的国家的亮相派对。尽管朝鲜在1987年用炸弹袭击一架韩国客机来试图阻止奥运会的举办，尽管学生们高呼“打倒独裁”并投掷煤油弹，1988年的奥运会仍然取得了巨大的成功。 |
| Emboldened, Mr. Roh pushed his policy of “Nordpolitik,” opening diplomatic relations with countries like the Soviet Union and China — an effort that helped thaw relations on the divided Korean Peninsula. |
| 卢泰愚大胆推行他的“北方政治”政策，与苏联和中国等国建立了外交关系——这一努力帮助缓和了分裂的朝鲜半岛的关系。 |
| The two Koreas joined the United Nations simultaneously in 1991. They also signed an agreement to keep the peninsula free of nuclear weapons — an accord North Korea has flouted with six nuclear tests since 2006. |
| 朝韩于1991年同时加入联合国。它们还签署了一项保持半岛无核武器的协议——朝鲜自2006年以来一直无视该协议，进行了六次核试验。 |
| Mr. Roh was a marked contrast with the hard-line ex-generals who had led the country before him, Mr. Park and Mr. Chun. Portraits of a smiling Mr. Roh went up on the walls of government offices. He allowed comedians to make fun of politicians, including Mr. Chun, his now disgraced friend, who was forced into exile in a Buddhist monastery as calls mounted to punish him and his relatives for corruption. |
| 卢泰愚与在他之前领导国家的两个强硬前任——前将军朴正熙和全斗焕形成了鲜明的对比。政府办公室的墙上挂着卢泰愚面带微笑的画像。他允许喜剧演员拿政客开玩笑，包括他的朋友、如今名誉扫地的全斗焕。由于要求惩罚他及其亲戚腐败的呼声越来越高，全斗焕曾被迫在一座佛教寺院闭门思过。 |
| But he also became a patron for the “TK Mafia,” former generals and technocrats from Daegu, his hometown, and the surrounding Gyeongsang region, who filled important government and party posts. During Mr. Roh’s rule, the police raided factories to break up workers’ strikes and arrested government critics, including dissidents who had returned from Pyongyang, North Korean’s capital, where they had promoted Korean unification. |
| 但卢泰愚也是“大邱庆尚黑手党”的靠山——一群来自他的家乡大邱和周边庆尚地区的前将军和技术官僚，他们在政府和党内担任要职。在卢泰愚统治期间，警察突击搜查工厂以驱散工人罢工并逮捕政府批评者，其中包括从朝鲜首都平壤返回的持不同政见者，他们曾在那里推动朝韩统一。 |
| “His rule had characteristics of both military authoritarianism and civilian presidency,” said Choi Jin, head of the nonpartisan Institute of Presidential Leadership. |
| 无党派的总统领导力研究所(Institute of Presidential Leadership)所长崔真（Choi Jin，音）说：“他的统治兼具军事威权主义和文职总统的特征。” |
| Mr. Roh’s on-and-off tolerance for political protests, his vacillation between rival factions within his party, his meek smile — all these combined to give him the nickname that he was best remembered for: Mul Tae-woo, the Korean equivalent of “Roh the spineless.” |
| 卢泰愚对政治抗议时紧时松的容忍、在党内敌对派系之间的摇摆不定、温和的微笑——所有这些加在一起，使他拥有了一个最著名的绰号：“水泰愚”(Mul Tae-woo)，意思是“没有骨气的泰愚”。 |
| His repeated appeal to his doubtful people — “Please, believe me; I am an ordinary guy like you” — turned him into the butt of ridicule after he stepped down in 1993, when he and Mr. Chun were each found to have diverted hundreds of millions of dollars in bribes into their own coffers. |
| 他一再向怀疑他的人民发出呼吁：“请相信我；我和你一样是个普通人。”1993年他下台后，这句话让他变成了嘲笑的对象——人们发现他和全斗焕将数亿美元的贿赂转移到自己的金库中。 |
| They were also convicted in 1996 on charges of treason and mutiny for their roles in the coup and the Gwangju massacre. Mr. Chun was sentenced to death — the sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment — while Mr. Roh was sentenced to 17 years in prison. Both were pardoned and released from prison in December 1997. |
| 他们还在1996年因在政变和光州大屠杀中的作用而被控叛国和叛乱。全斗焕被判处死刑——后来被减为无期徒刑——卢泰愚被判处17年有期徒刑。两人都于1997年12月被赦免出狱。 |
| The two friends did not talk to each other in their ignominious retirements, although they lived in the same neighborhood in Seoul. Mr. Chun, who is 90, has often ventured outside surrounded by his old colleagues, but Mr. Roh lived quietly, largely forgotten by the people he had led. |
| 他们不光彩地进入退休生活，虽然住在首尔的同一个街区，这两个曾经的朋友不再往来。90岁的全斗焕经常在老同事的簇拥下外出，但卢泰愚过着平静的生活，基本上被他的下属遗忘了。 |
| “Roh Tae-woo was a characterless president who has disappeared from popular memories,” said Mr. Choi, of the leadership institute. “South Koreans rebelled against dictators, but they like a leader with a strong character.” |
| “卢泰愚是一位从大众记忆中消失的、毫无个性的总统，”领导力研究所的崔真说。“韩国人反抗独裁者，但他们喜欢性格坚强的领导人。” |
| Mr. Roh is survived by his wife, Kim Ok-suk; their two children, Roh Soh-yeong and Roh Jae-heon; and six grandchildren. |
| 卢泰愚的遗属包括妻子金玉淑(Kim Ok-suk)；他们的两个孩子，卢素英(Roh Soh-yeong)和卢载宪(Roh Jae-heon)；以及六个孙辈。 |
OK阅读网 版权所有(C)2017 | 联系我们