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| HONG KONG — Unions have folded. Political parties have shut down. Independent media outlets and civil rights groups have disappeared. The Hong Kong government, its authority backed fully by Beijing, is shutting down the city’s civil society, once the most vibrant in Asia, one organization at a time. |
| 香港——工会解散。政党停止运作。独立媒体和民权组织消失。香港政府在北京的全力支持下，正在逐个关闭公民组织，以瓦解曾经的亚洲最活跃公民社会。 |
| But one group, the Hong Kong Journalists Association, has refused to fold, even as Hong Kong’s security secretary repeatedly singles it out for public criticism. |
| 但香港记者协会拒绝解散，尽管一再受到香港保安局局长公开点名批评。 |
| “We will try to fight to the last moment,” said Ronson Chan, the association’s chairman. “But honestly, it’s a gamble. How cruelly will the Beijing government treat us? We know the history of journalists in the People’s Republic of China.” |
| “我们将努力战斗到最后一刻，”协会主席陈朗昇说。“但老实说，这是一场赌博。北京政府会对我们有多残忍？我们了解中华人民共和国记者的历史。” |
| The authorities have used a national security law, which was introduced last year after months of widespread antigovernment protest, to silence dissent. Dozens of groups have been forced to disband. |
| 当局使用的是一项用于压制异议的国家安全法。在数月的广泛反政府抗议后，该法于去年推出。数十个团体被迫解散。 |
| Many face investigations. The police have arrested the leaders of some groups and have used the security law to force them to disclose information about membership and funding. Some groups have been the targets of attacks from officials and state-controlled newspapers. |
| 许多人面临调查。警方逮捕了一些组织的领导人，并利用国安法迫使他们披露有关成员和资金的信息。一些组织已成为官员和国家控制的报纸攻击的目标。 |
| Neither part of the government nor the private sector, civil society provides a bulwark against the excesses of both. It gives people a way to be heard when the powers that be are against them and helps respond to problems governments won’t address. |
| 公民社会既不是政府部门也不是私营部门，它为两边的过度行为筑起一堵防护墙。当权力对人们不利时，它为人们提供了一种表达意见的方式，并有助于应对政府不去解决的问题。 |
| The actions against the labor unions and nonprofit organizations reach beyond Hong Kong, too. Because of the city’s relative freedom, it functions as the center for efforts to protect rights in China and the broader region. But that status is eroding under the crackdown. |
| 针对工会和非营利组织的行动影响到了香港以外的范围。由于这座城市相对自由，它是中国和更广泛地区保护权利的中心。但这种地位正在受到镇压的侵蚀。 |
| “These groups were important not just to Hong Kong or even China, but to all of Asia,” said Maya Wang, a senior China researcher for Human Rights Watch. “Now, bit by bit, that fabric of civil society is being taken apart.” |
| “这些组织不仅对香港乃至中国很重要，对整个亚洲也很重要，”人权观察(Human Rights Watch)中国高级研究员王松莲说。“现在，公民社会的结构正在一点一点地被分解。” |
| Human Rights Watch, which is based in New York, left Hong Kong after it was penalized by China in retaliation for American legislation supporting Hong Kong protesters in 2019. |
| 为报复美国在2019年立法支持香港抗议者，总部设在纽约的人权观察在受到中国惩罚，随后离开了香港。 |
| The biggest local group to fall has been the Confederation of Trade Unions, an umbrella organization made up of more than 70 affiliate unions. It voted on Oct. 3 to disband in the face of growing pressure from the government. |
| 被解散的组织中，最大的当地组织是香港职工会联盟，这是一个由70多个附属工会组成的综合组织。面对来自政府越来越大的压力，联盟于10月3日投票决定解散。 |
| The confederation helped organize a dockworkers’ strike in 2013 and a street cleaners’ strike in 2018. Its political activities, including protests and a general strike during the 2019 unrest that roiled the city, probably made it a target of the authorities. |
| 职工盟参与组织了2013年的码头工人罢工和2018年的街道清洁工罢工。其政治活动——包括抗议活动和在2019年震动香港的骚乱期间的总罢工——可能使其成为当局的目标。 |
| “Union activity is very unglamorous in Hong Kong,” said Ms. Wang, citing the city’s weak labor protections. “There is basically no reward, but they persisted anyway.” |
| 薄弱“工会活动在香港不是什么风光的事”，王松莲提到了香港的劳工保护。“基本上没有回报，但他们还是坚持了下来。” |
| The confederation’s general secretary, Lee Cheuk-yan, is serving time in prison for illegal assembly over the 2019 protests. He and Carol Ng, the group’s former chairwoman, have also been charged with subversion in separate cases under the security law. The group said it was forced to dissolve after its leaders were threatened. |
| 职工盟秘书长李卓人正因2019年抗议活动中的非法集会罪在监狱服刑。根据安全法，他和该组织的前任主席吴敏儿在另一起案件中也被指控犯有颠覆罪。该组织表示，其领导人受到威胁后，组织被迫解散。 |
| “A few of our leaders received quite intimidating and concrete warnings that they were facing threats to their person or even their families if the C.T.U. remained in operation,” said C.F. Fan, a research officer for the group. He said the threats came both from Hong Kong and Chinese security services, but declined to give details. |
| “我们的一些领导人收到了相当可怕而具体的警告，如果联工盟继续运作，他们本人甚至家人将面临威胁，”该组织的研究人员C·F·范（音）说。他说威胁来自香港和中国的安全部门，但拒绝透露细节。 |
| One of the confederation’s biggest affiliates, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers Union, said it would dissolve this year. That organization was the city’s largest teachers union, with more than 100,000 members, but it started disbanding after state media attacked it as a “malignant tumor” and the government said it would no longer recognize the group. |
| 该联盟最大的附属机构之一香港教育专业人员协会表示将在今年解散。这是香港最大的教师工会，拥有超过10万名成员，但在官方媒体将其称为“毒瘤”并且政府表示将不再承认其合法性后，协会开始解散。 |
| Activist groups have also been decimated. The Civil Human Rights Front, which had organized large marches, closed in August after Beijing’s office in Hong Kong accused it of opposing China and the police opened an investigation into its funding. The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, which organized an annual vigil to mourn those killed in the 1989 crackdown on the Tiananmen protest movement, disbanded after the authorities began looking into its funding and accused most of its leadership of national security offenses, including subversion. The authorities removed displays from the group’s museum and blocked access in Hong Kong to the group’s website. |
| 活动人士组织也饱受摧残。曾组织过大型游行的民间人权阵线于8月关闭，此前北京驻香港的中联办指责其反中，警方对其资金展开调查。香港市民支援爱国民主运动联合会（简称支联会）组织了一年一度的守夜活动，以哀悼在1989年镇压天安门抗议运动中的遇难者。当局开始调查该组织的资金来源，并指控其大部分领导人犯有包括颠覆罪的国家安全罪行，此后该组织被解散。当局从该组织的博物馆中移除了展品，并禁止在香港访问该组织的网站。 |
| “The past 32 years, with the Hong Kong Alliance keeping those memories alive, signaled that Hong Kong was different from mainland China,” Richard Tsoi, the only officer of the group not in custody, said of the vigils. “But things have changed significantly.” |
| “在过去的32年里，支联会保留了这些记忆，这表明香港与中国大陆不同，”该组织中唯一未被拘留的负责人蔡耀昌在谈到守夜活动时说。“但事情已经发生了重大变化。” |
| Many groups continue to operate, but some fear that the crackdown could spread. |
| 许多团体继续运作，但有些人担心镇压可能会蔓延。 |
| “We are not interested at all in politics,” said Brian Wong, a member of Liber Research Community, an independent research institute that focuses on land use. “But from what we can see on the mainland, eventually all of civil society can be seen as a threat.” |
| “我们对政治根本不感兴趣，”专注于土地利用的独立研究机构本土研究社的成员黄肇鸿说。“但从我们在大陆看到的情况来看，最终所有的公民社会都可以被视为一种威胁。” |
| The Hong Kong Journalists Association’s relative distance from politics may have also insulated it thus far. Mr. Chan, the union’s head, says its leadership has been hardened by years of covering crackdowns and street protests. |
| 记者协会与政治之间的相对距离，可能也是它至今能顶住冲击的原因。协会主席陈朗昇说，经过多年来对镇压和街头抗议的报道，协会领导层更加坚定了。 |
| They have few illusions about the difficulties that they will face but want to continue on because of the needs of their colleagues, including hundreds of recently unemployed Apple Daily journalists, he added. The aggressive pro-democracy newspaper was forced to close in June after its accounts were frozen and several top editors and executives arrested. |
| 他还说，他们很清楚将面临怎样的困难，但希望能为了同事们的需要而继续下去，这些同事包括数百名最近失业的《苹果日报》记者。这家激进的民主报纸在账户被冻结、几名高级编辑和高管被捕后，于6月被迫关闭。 |
| “I told them even if I’m arrested, please don’t disband,” he said. “And if the pressure is too great, then put it to the members.” |
| “我告诉他们，即使我被捕，也请不要解散，”他说。“如果压力太大，那就交给成员吧。” |
| The journalist’s group, which has fewer than 500 members, was founded in 1968 to help media workers organize and to promote press freedom. This year it has grown increasingly focused on helping unemployed journalists, including providing spending vouchers to former Apple Daily employees. |
| 成员不足500人的记者协会成立于1968年，旨在帮助媒体工作者组织和促进新闻自由。今年，它越来越专注于帮助失业记者，包括为前《苹果日报》员工提供消费券。 |
| Chris Tang, Hong Kong’s security secretary, started a broad assault against the journalist's association in September. In an interview with the state-controlled Ta Kung Pao newspaper, he criticized the union for allowing student members and asked why its leadership was made up of journalists from “a few media organizations” — a reference to outlets that are generally critical of the government. He called on the group to disclose its membership, a refrain some pro-Beijing media and politicians have continued for weeks. |
| 9月，香港保安局局长邓炳强开始对记者协会进行广泛攻击。在接受政府控制的《大公报》采访时，他批评工会允许学生加入，并询问为什么其领导层集中于“几个媒体”的记者——指的是普遍批评政府的媒体。他呼吁该组织披露其成员身份，但被拒绝，一些亲北京的媒体和政客已经持续呼吁了数周。 |
| The association responded that the only students who are allowed to join are college students studying journalism and that revealing the union’s membership list would most likely violate Hong Kong’s privacy laws. Mr. Chan said the union has members from most mainstream and even state-controlled publications. Another union, the Hong Kong Federation of Journalists, represents pro-Beijing media. |
| 该协会回应说，唯一获准加入的学生是新闻专业的大学生，透露工会成员名单很可能违反香港的隐私法。陈朗昇说，工会的成员来自大多数主流甚至政府控制的出版物。另一工会——香港记者联合会——代表亲北京的媒体。 |
| “We can’t underestimate how much danger we are in,” said Mr. Chan, who is an editor with Stand News, an online publication. “But I think we still have some room.” |
| “我们不能低估我们所处的危险程度，”作为网络出版物《立场新闻》编辑的陈朗昇说。“但我认为我们还有一些空间。” |
| After Mr. Tang, who was Hong Kong’s police commissioner, was appointed to the security secretary role in June, Mr. Chan sent a congratulatory message. He knew Mr. Tang from years of covering the police. |
| 在香港警务处处长邓炳强于6月被任命为保安局局长后，陈朗昇发了一条信息表示祝贺。他报道警方多年，因此结识了邓炳强。 |
| “The most important thing is that everyone is safe,” Mr. Tang replied over WhatsApp. |
| “最重要的是每个人都安全，”邓炳强在WhatsApp上回复道。 |
| “That depends on you,” Mr. Chan wrote to him. “Will I be safe as well?” |
| “这取决于你，”陈朗昇写给他说。“我也会安全吗？” |
| He received no reply. |
| 他没有得到回复。 |
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