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| BETHESDA, Md. — Chinese firms are collecting genetic data from around the world, part of an effort by the Chinese government and companies to develop the world’s largest bio-database, American intelligence officials reported on Friday. | 马里兰州贝塞斯达——根据美国情报官员周五的报告，中国企业正在收集世界各国民众的基因数据，这是中国政府和企业为建立全球最大生物数据库而进行的一部分工作。 |
| The National Counterintelligence and Security Center said in a new paper that the United States needed to better secure critical technologies including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, semiconductors and other technologies related to the so-called bioeconomy. | 国家反情报与安全中心(The National Counterintelligence and Security Center)在一份新论文中表示，美国需要更好地保护关键技术，包括人工智能、量子计算、半导体和其他与所谓生物经济相关的技术。 |
| China and other countries are trying to dominate these technologies, and are using both legal and illegal means to acquire American know how, said Michael Orlando, the acting director of the counterintelligence center, an arm of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. | 中国和其他国家正在试图主导这些技术，并使用各种合法与非法手段来获取美国关键技术，反情报中心的代理负责人迈克尔·奥兰多(Michael Orlando)表示，该中心是国家情报总监办公室(Office of the Director of National Intelligence)的分支机构。 |
| The American private sector has long been in the cross hairs of China and other countries trying to steal American technology and intellectual property. Other countries like Russia also remain a threat, but the economic might of China makes it the biggest threat, officials said. | 长期以来，美国私营部门一直是中国和其他国家试图窃取美国技术和知识产权的主要目标。官员们声称，俄罗斯等国仍然是威胁，但中国的经济实力使其成为最大威胁。 |
| China believes dominating these areas will give it an economic edge, and American companies are also investing heavily. Artificial intelligence and machine learning hold the promise to revolutionize many aspects of life, including military operations. Quantum computing will allow countries to break the toughest encryption that exists today, and semiconductors are vital not just for computers but many consumer products. | 中国认为，在这些领域占据主导地位将使其获得经济优势，而美国也在此大力投资。人工智能和机器学习有望彻底变革人类生活的许多方面，包括军事行动。量子计算将使政府有能力破解当今最复杂的加密技术，而半导体不仅对计算机至关重要，对许多消费品也是如此。 |
| But officials are now also stressing the intersection of technology and genetic and biological research as an area of competition and espionage. Edward You, who is the national counterintelligence officer for emerging and disruptive technologies, said the Chinese government was collecting medical, health and genetic data around the world. The country that builds the best database of information will have an edge on developing cures for future pandemics, and China already has an advantage, he said. | 但官员们现在也强调，技术与基因和生物研究的交叉部分是一个充斥竞争和间谍活动的领域。负责新兴和颠覆性技术的国家反情报官员爱德华·尤（Edward You，音）表示，中国政府正在世界各地收集医疗、健康和基因数据。他说，建立最强大信息数据库的国家将在未来流行病的治疗研究上获得优势，而中国已经具备了这一优势。 |
| Beijing has a track record of misusing genetic data, the counterintelligence center said, citing a 2019 New York Times report on how China uses genetic tests to track members of the Uyghurs, a predominantly Muslim minority group. | 反情报中心援引了2019年《纽约时报》对中国使用基因检测技术追踪以穆斯林为主的少数民族维吾尔人的报道，称北京有滥用基因数据的历史。 |
| Citing a Reuters report, Mr. You said a Chinese company, BGI, had developed a neonatal genetic test with the Chinese military that had enabled it to collect information from millions of people around the world. The firm gained a foothold in the United States in 2013, when it purchased an American genomics firm. | 爱德华·尤引用路透社(Reuters)报道称，中国企业华大基因与中国军方合作研发了一种新生儿基因测试，让军方能够从全世界无数人身上收集信息。2013年，华大基因收购了美国一家研究基因组学的公司，在美国站稳了脚跟。 |
| BGI now has contracts and partnerships with health institutions across the United States, intelligence officials said. The company provides cheap genomic sequencing and gets access to genomic data. Last year, the Commerce Department penalized some of the company’s subsidiaries for providing genetic analysis that was used in Beijing’s campaign against the Uyghurs. | 情报官员称，华大基因现与美国各地的卫生机构都有签约与合作关系。该公司提供廉价的基因组测序，并可获取基因组数据。去年，美国商务部处罚了该公司的几家子公司，因为它们提供的基因分析被用于北京镇压维吾尔人的运动。 |
| Mr. You said as a result the genetic data of some Americans could be “transferred to the Chinese government.” | 爱德华·尤说，因此，一些美国民众的基因数据可能会被“转移到中国政府手上”。 |
| The counterintelligence center also highlighted investments by WuXi, which bought a Pfizer manufacturing plant in China, announced a production facility in Massachusetts and made an investment in 2015 in 23andMe, the consumer genetics company. | 反情报中心还强调了无锡药明生物的投资，这家公司收购了辉瑞(Pfizer)在中国的一家生产厂，宣布在马萨诸塞州建立一处生产设施，并在2015年投资了消费者基因检测公司23andMe。 |
| “They are developing the world’s largest bio database,” Mr. You said of the Chinese government efforts. “Once they have access to your genetic data, it’s not something you can change like a pin code.” | “他们正在开发世界上最大的生物数据库，”爱德华·尤在谈到中国政府的行动时表示。“一旦他们掌握了你的基因信息，这就不是改个密码那么简单的事了。” |
| But 23andMe said that fears of China stealing its data were misplaced. | 但23andMe表示，没有必要担忧中国窃取会其数据。 |
| WuXi has a less than 1 percent investment in 23andMe and has never received any customer data, Jacquie Cooke Haggarty, the company’s deputy general counsel, said in a statement. No data has ever been shared with a Chinese-owned company and no investor has access to the data, she said. | 该公司的副总法律顾问杰奇·库克·哈格蒂(Jacquie Cooke Haggarty)在一份声明中表示，药明生物在23andMe的投资未占到1%，也从未得到过任何客户数据。她说，从未有任何数据被分享给中资公司，也没有任何投资者能接触到这些数据。 |
| “All of our testing is performed and has always been performed in U.S.-based laboratories,” she said. | “我们所有的测试一直都是在美国实验室进行的，”她说。 |
| The company also said it stored information about names and contact information separate from its genetic data. The company follows the highest encryption standards and tests its defenses daily, she said. | 该公司还表示，它将客户姓名和联系信息与基因数据分开储存。她说，该公司遵循最高加密标准，每天都会测试其防御能力。 |
| Mr. Orlando said he was not arguing for decoupling the Chinese and American economies, but said the center was trying to warn companies of the risks of working with Chinese firms under the strict control of the government in Beijing. | 奥兰多称，他并不主张中美经济脱钩，但他也表示，该中心试图警告企业与在北京政府严格控制下的中国企业合作的风险。 |
| “We aren’t telling people to decouple, but if you are going to do business in China, be smart about it,” Mr. Orlando said. | “我们并不是告诉他们要脱钩，但如果你想在中国做生意，就得聪明一点，”奥兰多说。 |
| Though China is seeking a broad array of commercial data, the biggest threat is to the high-tech industries Beijing has said it wants to dominate in the decades to come. | 尽管中国正在寻求各种各样的商业数据，但最大的威胁在于，北京表示希望在未来几十年内主导高科技产业。 |
| American and European officials have long said China steals intellectual property, makes cheaper versions of products, puts western competitors out of business, and then dominates the market. That is a pattern China has followed in solar panels, for example. | 美国和欧洲官员长期以来一直表示，中国窃取知识产权，制造更便宜的产品，把西方竞争对手赶出市场，从而主导市场。例如，中国在太阳能板领域就遵循了这种模式。 |
| “These technologies are critical and we cannot let what happened to other industries happen here,” Mr. Orlando said. | “这些技术至关重要，我们不能在这里重蹈其他行业的覆辙，”奥兰多说道。 |
| In recent years, the F.B.I. and the counterintelligence center have stepped up broad warnings to businesses and universities about Chinese attempts to steal American technology. Some of those overtures have been greeted skeptically, particularly at universities that believe the U.S. government may be trying to limit the number of Chinese students that study at American universities. | 近年来，联邦调查局(FBI)和反情报中心已经就中国试图窃取美国技术向企业和大学发出了广泛警告。其中一些提议受到了质疑，特别是一些人认为，美国政府可能在试图限制到美国高校深造的中国学生数量。 |
| While the U.S. government can review many acquisitions of American companies by Chinese ones, other Chinese investments are harder to regulate. Mr. Orlando said an American company partnering with a Chinese one should take steps to protect its data. | 虽然美国政府可以审查中国企业对美国企业的许多收购案，但中国的其他投资更难以监管。奥兰多声称，与中国企业合作的美国公司应当采取措施保护其数据。 |
| “It’s all about the data,” Mr. You said. “There are national security implications we have to understand.” | “这都是数据的问题，”爱德华·尤说。“我们必须了解这对于国家安全的影响。” |
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