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| HONG KONG — A Hong Kong court on Monday convicted an activist of inciting secession for shouting pro-independence slogans at a series of protests, underlining the power of a sweeping national security law to punish speech. |
| 香港——香港一家法院周一裁定，一名在多次抗议活动中高喊支持独立口号的活动人士犯有煽动分裂国家罪，这一定罪突显了涉及范围广泛的港区国家安全法惩罚言论的威力。 |
| The activist, Ma Chun-man, had argued that he had not been calling for Hong Kong’s independence from China, but instead had wanted to show that free speech still existed under the law, which Beijing imposed on Hong Kong in June 2020. He will be sentenced on Nov. 11. |
| 这个名叫马俊文的活动人士辩称，他并不是呼吁香港从中国独立出来，而是想展示北京于2020年6月对香港实施国家安全法后仍存在言论自由。案件将押后至11月11日判刑。 |
| Critics say Mr. Ma’s conviction shows that the national security law is being used to silence political dissent. |
| 批评人士说，马俊文的定罪表明，国安法被用来压制政治异见。 |
| “The government is trying to use the N.S.L. to stamp out certain forms of speech,” said Thomas E. Kellogg, executive director of the Center for Asian Law at Georgetown University. “This is a core function of the government’s use of the N.S.L. over the past 15 months. As the case against Ma shows, prosecutors continue to bring serious charges against people who say things that the government doesn’t like.” |
| “政府正试图使用国安法来消灭某些形式的言论，”乔治敦大学(Georgetown University)亚洲法律中心执行主任托马斯·E·凯洛格(Thomas E. Kellogg)说。“这是政府在过去15个月里使用国安法的核心作用。正如马俊文的案子所示，检察官继续以重罪起诉那些说了政府不喜欢听的话的人。” |
| In addition to security law prosecutions, the Hong Kong authorities have aggressively used older measures against thousands of people who have been arrested in the sometimes-violent protest movement that began in mid-2019. Dozens of leading activists have been convicted of illegal assembly, including seven who were sentenced this month to prison terms of up to a year for a demonstration on July 1, 2020. |
| 除了以国安法名义提起诉讼外，香港当局还在声势浩大地对数千人动用更老的法律，这些人是在2019年年中开始的、有时暴力的抗议活动中被逮捕的。数十名主要活动人士已被判犯有非法集会罪，包括本月被判处最高一年监禁的七名人士，他们参加了2020年7月1日的示威活动。 |
| The security law, however, goes far beyond previous statutes in that it provides a powerful new tool to clamp down on dissent. Here is why it is different and what other cases are expected to be brought. |
| 然而，国安法的打击能力远远超出以前的法规，因为它为压制异议提供了强有力的新工具。下面是国安法与以前法律不同的原因，以及预计还有哪些案件将以国安法审判。 |
| What does the new ruling say? |
| 周一的判决有哪些内容？ |
| Mr. Ma, 30, is the second defendant to face trial under the security law. The first, Tong Ying-kit, was convicted in July of terrorism and inciting secession after he crashed his motorcycle into police officers while carrying a flag with a slogan that, a court ruled, was a call for separating Hong Kong from China. Mr. Tong, a former restaurant worker, was sentenced to nine years in prison. |
| 现年30岁的马俊文是第二个根据《国安法》受审的被告。第一个受审的是唐英杰，他于今年7月被判犯有恐怖活动和煽动分裂罪。原因是他曾骑着摩托车撞向警察，摩托车上还打着一幅旗帜，法院裁定旗帜上印的是港独口号。唐英杰以前在餐厅工作，他被判处九年监禁。 |
| Unlike the first trial, which covered both an act of speech and an act of violence, Mr. Ma was charged purely because of the words he said and displayed on signs in peaceful protests and interviews over the past year. |
| 国安法第一案既涉及言论的行为，也包括暴力行为。马俊文案则不同，他被指控纯粹是因为他在过去一年里的和平抗议活动以及采访中的言论和打出的标语。 |
| His chanted slogans included “Hong Kong people, establish our state” and “Hong Kong independence: The only way out.” Another of his slogans, “Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times,” was the same one that Mr. Tong was convicted of using. |
| 他喊过的口号包括“香港人，建立自己的国家”和“香港独立是唯一的出路”。他喊的另一个口号是“光复香港，时代革命”，这与唐英杰喊的被判有罪的口号相同。 |
| The origins of the national security law |
| 国家安全法的起源 |
| Beijing enacted the law at the end of June 2020 after a year of widespread protests in Hong Kong. A previous push for the city to put its own security legislation in place was dropped after a mass demonstration in 2003. |
| 香港发生了一年的广泛抗议后，北京于2020年6月底颁布了这部法律。香港曾推动自己的国家安全立法，但在2003年的一次大规模示威活动后遭到搁置。 |
| China’s central government then took up the initiative, secretly drafting the law it imposed on Hong Kong. |
| 中央政府后来采取了主动，秘密地起草了强加给香港的国安法。 |
| What makes it different? |
| 港区国安法有哪些不同之处？ |
| The security law introduces some elements of China’s socialist legal system to Hong Kong’s common law system. More than a year after the statute was unveiled, the system is still being worked out, but some elements are clear. |
| 港区国安法将中国社会主义法律制度的一些成分引入到香港的普通法体系中来。法规公布一年多后，许多细节仍在制定中，但有些要素已经明确。 |
| The law targets terrorism, subversion, secession and collusion with foreign forces. Its language is broad and carries many changes to Hong Kong’s legal system. It sets up an extensive infrastructure in the city, including a security committee that includes Hong Kong’s chief executive and Beijing’s top representative. China’s security forces are allowed to operate openly in Hong Kong for the first time. |
| 国安法针对的是恐怖、颠覆、分裂国家，以及与外国势力勾结的活动。该法的语言宽泛，并带有许多对香港法律制度的修改。国安法为香港设立了广泛的基础设施，包括一个有香港行政长官和中央政府高层代表参与的国家安全委员会，并首次允许中国的安全部队在香港公开行动。 |
| Perhaps the most significant elements are the changes to the city’s judiciary. |
| 国安法最重要的要素或许是它改变了香港的司法制度。 |
| Hong Kong’s chief executive now selects the judges who are allowed to handle security cases. The power to interpret the law has been given to the central Chinese government — meaning Hong Kong’s courts have little ability to moderate it. Complicated cases can now be tried in mainland China, although that provision has yet to be used. |
| 香港的行政长官现在负责挑选审理涉及国安法案件的法官。国安法的解释权在中央政府，这意味着香港法院几乎不能适中使用国安法。按照该法，复杂的案件现在可以由大陆的法院来审理，尽管这一规定尚未付诸实施。 |
| The law now makes it much harder for defendants to be granted bail, and most of the 100 people who have been charged under the measure remain in jail. The vast majority of those charged have been accused of speech crimes, including saying or writing things judged to be calling for Hong Kong independence or actions by other countries, such as sanctions by the United States, deemed harmful to Hong Kong. |
| 国安法现在让被告获得保释变得更加困难，根据这项法律被起诉的100人中，大多数仍被关押。绝大多数被指控违反国安法的人都是因为言论，包括发表或撰写被视为呼吁香港独立的言论，或者被视为对香港有害的言论，比如呼吁美国等其他国家对香港采取制裁行动。 |
| What have been its effects? |
| 国安法已经起了哪些作用？ |
| The security law has helped curb protests in Hong Kong and has silenced much of the outspoken dissent that was once commonplace here. |
| 国安法已帮助遏制了香港的抗议活动，让这里曾经司空见惯、很多直言不讳的异议见人士噤声。 |
| Most leading activists are either in custody or in exile. Others have censored what they say publicly. Dozens of civil society groups, including protest organizers and pro-democracy unions, have shut down because they have become the subjects of national security investigations or fear their work would make them a target. |
| 大多数主要的活动人士要么已被拘留，要么流亡海外。其他人已在自我审查自己的公开言论。包括抗议组织者和民主工会在内的数十个民间社会组织已经解散，因为它们已成为国家安全调查的对象，或因为担心继续活动会让自己成为打击目标。 |
| One of the city’s largest newspapers, Apple Daily, was forced to close in June after the authorities froze its bank accounts and several top editors and executives were arrested in a national security investigation. |
| 今年6月，香港最大的报纸之一《苹果日报》被迫停刊，此前，当局冻结了它的银行账户，数名高级编辑和高管在国家安全调查中被捕。 |
| Film censorship has increased, and new rules expected to pass this year allowing the authorities to retroactively ban movies that had previously been approved. |
| 对电影的审查也已加强，而且预计今年将通过新规定赋予当局追溯权，让当局能禁止以前获得公映批准的电影继续上映。 |
| Pro-government politicians have warned that some works of art at the city’s new M+ museum could violate the security law. Some books have also been scrutinized, and members of a speech therapists union have been charged with publishing seditious materials in children’s books that portrayed security forces as wolves. |
| 亲政府的政客警告，在香港的新M+博物馆展示的一些艺术品可能违反了国安法。一些书籍也已受到了严密审查，香港语言治疗师协会的一名成员被指控在儿童读物中发表煽动性内容，将安全部队描绘成狼。 |
| How has the rest of the world responded? |
| 世界其他国家对港区国安法有何反应？ |
| The United States and other Western governments have sharply criticized the security law, and several, like Australia, halted extradition agreements with Hong Kong. The United States also imposed sanctions on several Hong Kong and Chinese central government officials over the crackdown in Hong Kong. China has retaliated with sanctions on Americans, including Wilbur Ross, the former commerce secretary. |
| 美国和其他西方国家政府已严厉批评了港区国安法，澳大利亚等国暂停了与香港的引渡协议。美国还就香港的镇压行动对几名香港政府和中国中央政府的官员实施了制裁。作为报复，中国对包括前商务部长威尔伯·罗斯(Wilbur Ross)在内的美国人实施了制裁。 |
| China has shrugged off foreign criticism of the security law, which it says has brought needed stability to Hong Kong after years of unrest. Hong Kong’s chief executive, Carrie Lam, in an interview broadcast last Wednesday by the Hong Kong public broadcaster RTHK, said that the city’s international reputation had been damaged by mischaracterizations of the law. |
| 中国未理睬外国对港区国安法的批评。中国认为国安法为经历了多年动荡的香港带来了所需的稳定。香港行政长官林郑月娥上周三在接受香港公共广播电台香港电台的采访时说，对国安法的错误描述损害了香港的国际声誉。 |
| “Hong Kong’s international reputation has suffered some damage because many foreign politicians, organizations and Western media have amplified the idea that the correct enforcement of the national security law is equivalent to suppressing human rights and freedom,” she said. |
| “香港的国际声誉受到了一些损害，因为许多外国政客、组织和西方媒体放大了正确执行国家安全法等于压制人权和自由的观念，”林郑月娥说。 |
| “The Hong Kong government has to do more explaining in this regard.” |
| “香港政府在这方面需要做更多的解释。” |
| What trials come next? |
| 还有哪些案件将进入审理？ |
| This fall, Hong Kong courts are expected to try Jimmy Lai, the founder of Apple Daily, and other top editors and executives from his company on security law charges that accuse them of colluding with foreign forces by appealing to the United States to enact sanctions against Hong Kong. |
| 香港法院预计将在今年秋天审理《苹果日报》创始人黎智英及其公司的其他高级编辑和高管违反国安法的案件，因呼吁美国对香港实施制裁，他们被指控与外国势力勾结。 |
| Two others who have pleaded guilty to national security charges, the activist Andy Li and the paralegal Chan Tsz-wah, are expected to testify. They have yet to be sentenced. |
| 另外两名已对国安法指控认罪的人——活动人士李宇轩和律师助理陈梓华，预计将出庭作证。他们还没有被判刑。 |
| The largest single case under the law involves 47 politicians and activists who have been charged with conspiracy to commit subversion for a campaign platform that called for blocking the Hong Kong government’s agenda and forcing Mrs. Lam, to step down. |
| 根据国安法审理的最大一起案件涉及47名政客和活动人士，他们被控阴谋颠覆国家政权，因为他们曾试图通过一个竞选平台阻止香港政府的议程，迫使林郑月娥下台。 |
| They are expected to go on trial this year. Their bail hearings in March lasted so long that some defendants were hospitalized with exhaustion, prompting criticism from legal experts about the disorderly process. |
| 预计他们将在今年受审。他们今年3月的保释听证会持续的时间如此之长，以至于一些人因过度疲惫被送医，引发了法律专家对保释听证过程无序的批评。 |
| Since the protests began in mid-June 2019 the police have arrested more than 10,000 people, and more than 2,700 of them have been prosecuted. Mrs. Lam said this month that Hong Kong would build a “mega courtroom” to handle the city’s shortage of court space. |
| 自抗议活动从2019年6月中旬开始以来，香港警方已逮捕了一万多人，其中2700多人的案子已受过审判。林郑月娥本月说，香港将建一个“大型法庭”，以解决香港法庭空间不足的问题。 |
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